Hydrogen - International Energy Agency · Hydrogen Applications 5. Hydrogen - matching renewable...

AN IMPLEMENTING AGREEMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

H Y D R O G E N I M P L E M E N T I N G A G R E E M E N T



Mr. Jan Jensen (ExCo Chairman)

Dr. Marcel Weeda (Task 28 Operating Agent)

Dr. Susan Schoenung & Mr. Jochen Linssen (Task 30 Operating Agents)

Ms. Kari Espegren (Task 30 Subtask Leader)Mr. Clemens Trudewind (Task 30 Expert)

Ms. Mary-Rose de Valladares (ExCo. Secretariat Manager)

;

Hydrogen

IEA CERT workshop, Paris, 7.november 2011 Paris,

France

Title:



2

Outline of presentation

1. Introduction

2. Hydrogen as part of an energy system

3. Hydrogen production and infrastructure

4. Hydrogen Applications

5. Hydrogen - matching renewable energy production and

energy demand



Future power supply….



END USE SECTORS/

MARKETS &

APPLICATIONS

PORTABLESSPECIAL/NICHE

STATIONARY

APPLICATIONS

Refueling Stations

Back-up

Power

UPS

Auxiliary

Power Units

Cell phones

Laptops

PDAsTools

Forklifts

Home Appliances

Toys

CHP &

Micro CHP

STORAGE TRANSPORTATION

Trucks

Buses

Maritime

Trains

Automotive

(de Valladares)



Task 23: Small-Scale

Reformers for On-Site H2

Supply

December 2006 - December 2011

OA: Dr. Ingrid Schjølberg of Sintef

Task 28: Large Scale H2 Delivery Infrastructure

May 2010 – April 2013

OA: Dr. Marcel Weeda

Task 30: Global Analysis of

Hydrogen Systems

May 2010 - June 2013

OAs: Mr. Jochen Linssen and Dr.

Susan Schoenung

Task 29: Distributed and

Community Hydrogen

December 2010 - December 2013

OA: Dr. Federico Villatico

H2 as part of an

energy system



6

1. Introduction





energy demand



Hydrogen

• Hydrogen is both a fuel and an energy carrier that

can be efficiently converted into other energy carriers

• Hydrogen can be produced from diverse resources,

and it is found in carbon containing materials (fossil

fuels, biomass and carbohydrates) and water.

• Zero-emission renewable and nuclear sources can

be used to “electrolyze” water and produce hydrogen

• Together with electricity, hydrogen is the only non-

carbon containing energy carrier.

• Hydrogen can be stored, centralized or decentralize



8With courtesy to:

Big Picture Hydrogen Grid

Fluctuating electricty

Electrolysis

Compression

On- and offshore

wind power

H2 storage in

saline dome

with H2 drying

H2

Electric

re-conversion

Industrial

Usage

Natural Gas Grid

Feeding-in

Fueling station



0.03

0.04

0.10

0.15

0.21

0.26

0.31

0.31

0.34

0.38

0.70

0.71

0.95

1.01

2.67

3.36

18.77

19.44

30.56

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Electronics

Float glass

Hydrochloric acid

Adipic Acid

Tetrahydrofuran

Oxo Alcohols C4

Hexamethylenediamine

Fats and Oils

Oxo Alcohols C8

Toluene Di-iscocoyanate

H2-Peroxide

Caprolactam

Aniline

Cyclohexane

Metals

Methanol

Surplus Hydrogen

Ammonia

Refining

Consumption of Hydrogen [bn Nm³]

Consumption of 80.2 bn Nm³ by major production processes in 2003 in Western Europe

The share of 61.53 Mrd. Nm³ H2 in

the Industry of EU-25 in 2003

31.6%

5.5%4.3%8.9%

49.7%

Refinery Ammonia Methanol Metal Others

Hydrogen production and demand in Europe, 2003

0

0.6

1

0.8

1.8

2.2

5.5

0

0.2

0.6

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

1

1.2

1.3

1.8

1.9

4.25.7

5.9

6.6

7.1

7.6

10.1

21.5

0 5 10 15 20 25

Iceland

Switzerland

Norway

Croatia

Bulgaria

Turkey

Romania

Slovenia

Denmark

Lithuania

Greece

Czech Republic

Ireland

Slovakia

Hungary

Portugal

Sweden

Finland

Austria

Poland

Belgium

Spain

Italy

France

United Kingdom

Netherlands

Germany

Hydrogen Production [bn Nm³]

In Europe Hydrogen Production amounts to 93 bn Nm³/arespectively 80.2 bn Nm³ in EU-25

EU-25

CC

EFTA

Source: Roads2HyCom (2007): Deliverable 2.1 and 2.1a, „European Hydrogen Infrastructure Atlas“ and „Industrial Excess Hydrogen Analysis“.

Part II: Industrial surplus hydrogen and markets and production, Document No. R2H2006PU.1



10 10

Global Resource Study, HIA Task 30 Activity

Supply and demand analysis => Hydrogen sources,

including import and export

H2 productionH2 demand



11

1. Introduction


3. Hydrogen Production and Infrastructure



energy demand



12

H2 pipeline grid

Gasification

SMR

Electrolysis

By-product H2

Central Production

Gaseous truck transport

Distribution Filling station and onsite production

HRS with central supply

HRS with onsite SMR

hydrogen production

HRS with onsite electrolysis

hydrogen production

Natural gas

Wind

Hydro

Solar

Geothermal

El from grid

Biomas

Production and distribution of hydrogen



Existing H2 pipelines

Source: Presentation ,, Wo steht die Wasserstoff- und Brennstofftechnologie heute?„„, Dr. Johannes Töpler, DWV

Gaseous pressure vessles

or

liquid storage tanks

CH2 and LH2 trailer

Transportation and Distribution

North Europe Pipeline, Air Liquide

- Belgium-Frace-Netherlands

- 966 km

- 10 MPa

Rhine-Ruhr-Area

- 240 km

- 1,1 / 2,3 / 30

MPa



Fuelling station



15

1. Introduction





energy demand



16

Hydrogen applications

• Transport sector

• Materials handling

• Energy storage

• Back-up power

• Uninterruptible power systems

• Combined heat and power in Residential / Industry

Applications

• Specialty/niche markets

• Portables



17

Motivation for hydrogen

BEV and FCEV can achieve low emissions

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600

CO2 emissions

gCO2 / km

Range

km

ICE – gasoline1

2050

ICE – diesel1

2010

BEV

2050

FCEV

2010

2050

2010

2010

2050

PHEV

Low emissions and high range

C/D SEGMENT

Source: Mc Kinsey et al. 2010: A portfolio of power-trains for Europe: a fact-based analysis

FCEVs are specifically suited

for larger cars, that represent

70% of CO2 emissions



18

Motivation for hydrogen Fuel dispensing/refueling time

Source: Tobias Brunner, BMW



19

1. Introduction




5. Hydrogen - matching renewable energy production

and energy demand



20

Balancing demand and production

• Hydrogen is a leading candidate for use as energy

storage

– short and long term

– stationary and transport applications

– on grid and off-grid

• On-grid, hydrogen can be used for peak shaving and

load balancing as well as optimizing of intermittent and

seasonal renewable energy

• Smoothening of mismatch between energy demand and

supply, both in time (easy storage) and geographically

(easy transport)



21

Demonstration: Hybrid Power Plant, Germany 2011power grid

power power

3 * 2 MW wind

generators

electrolyser, 500 kW

120 Nm3/h H2,

60 Nm3 /h O2

storage

1.350 kg @31 bar

fuel

hydrogen

hydrogen

biogas storage

biogas

mixing valve

variable mixture

heat

district heat

power

2 CHP plant

350 kWel each

340 kWth each

Source: Römer, ENERTRAG



22

Benefits of hydrogen

• Significant emission reduction and deployment of low

carbon technology is needed to tackle the climate

change challenge

• Use of hydrogen is key to realizing the GHG

emissions reduction necessary to achieve the

targeted 50% reduction by 2050

• Hydrogen can play a valuable role in fostering both

energy security and economic development, as

hydrogen is a sustainable energy carrier with varied

and flexible domestic energy sources



23

Thank you

Contact information:

Kari Aamodt Espegren

Institute for Energy Technology

Norway

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Hydrogen - International Energy Agency · Hydrogen Applications 5. Hydrogen - matching renewable...

Documents

Transcript of Hydrogen - International Energy Agency · Hydrogen Applications 5. Hydrogen - matching renewable...