THE PRE-HISTORIC CULTURESAre they primitive?

Danny Hilman NatawidjajaTim Terpadu Riset Mandiri

(Integrated and Independent Research Team)of Gunung Padang

World Culture Forum, 26 November 2013, Bali

CASE STUDY FROM GUNUNG PADANG MEGALITHIC SITEWEST JAVA, INDONESIA

CONCEPT OF WORLD CIVILIZATION

• ONE WORLD CULTURES DEVELOP SLOWLY FROMTHE STONE AGE ABOUT 11,000 YEARS AGO(always primitive stone ages/ hunterer andgatherers since 195,000 up to 11,000 years ago )

• OUR NEW HYPHOTHESIS: There are CYCLES OFCULTURES DUE TO TOTAL ANNIHILATION BYPERIODIC GLOBAL CATASTROPHIC EVENTS. The11,000 years ago was when our civilization cyclestarted

GLOBAL POPULATION GROWTH SINCE THE BEGINNING OF AD

IF WE EXTRAPOLATE THE LINEAR TREND BACK THEN ZERO POPULATIONOCCURED AT ABOUT 3000 YEARS BC

BUT HUMAN RACE APPEARS ON EARTH SINCE 195,000 YEARS AGO! HOW’S THAT POSSIBLE?

YEARS AD

POPU

LATI

ON

IN EARTH SCIENCES WE KNOW THAT:

• NATURAL PROCESSES ARE FREQUENTLYTERMINATED BY THE UNCONFORMITIES DUETO SUDDEN EVENTS OR ENVIRONMENTALCHANGES

• IN FACT, MOST OF THE EARTH STORIES LOSTIN THE UNCONFORMITY HORIZONS

• DOES IT ALSO OCCUR IN OUR HISTORY?

20130240340440

Homo SapiensHomo Erectus

TOBA ERUPTION

GLOBAL SEA-LEVEL/COLD-WARM CYCLES AND THE HUMAN RACE

195,000 yr ago

OURWARMCLIMATE

~ 4-5oC cooling? Vegetation collapse for ~3,000 years?

Courtesy: Mike Gagan, ANU

Carbon Isotope Data from Flores: TOBA ERUPTIONKILLED ALL GREEN VEGETATIONS IN INDONESIA

The STORY OF HOBBITSFrom Liang Bua, Flores (2007 excavation)

Courtesy: Mike Gagan, ANU

HOBBIT People appeared since 95.000 years ago andSuddenly dissepeared in about 11,600 years ago. WHAT HAPPEN?

Westaway et al.(2009)

Hobbit

Melt Water Pulse (MWP) 1a

Melt Water Pulse (MWP) 1b

THE 11,600 YEARS AGO IS THE END OF THE YOUNGER DRYAS (END OF PLEISTOCENE)

Oksigen Isotop (Delta 18O) dari sampel es coring GRIP – Greenland (Dansgard dkk,1993)dan data gas Methan(Blunier dkk, 1993; Chappellaz, 1993) untuk masa akhirJaman Glasial.

COLD HOT

CORAL DATA FROM BARBADOS ISLAND : SUDDEN SEA LEVEL RISE IN 11,600 YEARS AGO

AGE YEARS AGO (X1000)

RELA

TIVE

SEA

-LEV

EL H

EIGH

TS (M

ETER

)

150.000

100.000

50.000

20.000

10.000

0

YEARS AGO

TOBA GREATFLOODS

MAX

IMU

M G

LACI

AL

MAN

INJA

U

G. S

UN

DA

MAX

IMAM

GLA

CIAL

70.000

PERIODS OF LOTS OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITIESGLOBAL CATASTROPHIC EVENTS AND POPULATION CYCLES

WHAT CAN BE A PROOF OF ANANCIENT ADVANCE CIVILIZATION?

• ANY SIGN OF ADVANCE CULTURE FROM THEANCIENT TIME, LIKE A GREAT MONUMENT

SITUS

METHODOLOGY• Remote sensing• Surface Geology

•Archeology•Geomagnetic

• Ground Penetrating Radar• Electrical Resistivity•Seismic Tomography

•Bor sampling•LAB: Petrology, Carbon dating, etc

•Architectural analysis

MAHKOTA DUNIA (CROWN OF THE WORLD)SINGGASANA (THRONE)

MASIGIT

NATURAL:• Orientation of column at righ angle to bedding• diameters of columns are similar size• no filling between columns (tights)

Un-natural pile of rock columns

GIANT CAUSEWAY – NORTH IRELAND, UK

DATA FROM BALAI ARKEOLOGI TRENCHINGYEAR 2005 ON TERRACE 1

TERLIHAT ADA LAPISAN SUSUNAN BATU KOLOM – ARAH SESUAI DENGAN YANG TERLIHAT DI DINDINGLUAR, JUGA DIBUNGKUS/DIISI DIANTARANYA OLEH MATERIAL HALUS YANG DISEBUT OLEHBALAR/ARKENAS SEBAGAI KERAK LEMPUNG ALAMIAH (= BUKAN ‘SEMEN’) . LAPISAN BATU KOLOMDI BAWAH TANAH INI DIANGGAP SUMBER BATUAN ALAMIAHNYA

SOILS WITH CHUNKS OF COLUMNAR ROCKS BURIED THE CONSTRUCTIONS

ARCHEOLOGICAL TEST PIT, DR. ALI AKBAR,UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA 2013 - TTRM

DRILL_CORE 1

Drill CORE 1 – TERRACE 3

MASSIFLAVA

AS ABOVE

LAYERS OFCOLUMNARROCKS

12

3A

3B

4

15 M DEPTH

NORTH ----- SOUTH

Terrace-5Terrace-4Terrace-3Terrace-2

Terrace-1

RAMP

GPR Section From North to South crossing the SiteGSSI Sir-20 with MLF Antenna – 40 MHz

0

5

10

15

20

m

RESISTIVITY SECTIONNORTH to SOUTH

LANDEAN

PAPATUK

TONGGONGELUK

BEUTEUNGTADAH

SELUT

Water aquifer

Spacing Electrode = 8 m, 56 electrode

Layer-1Layer-2

Layer-3Layer-4

Spacing Electrode = 3 m, 112 electrode

PALEOSOILPRE-LAYER 4

BEDROCKGEOLOGY

THE CAVE MAY BE INITIALLYFORMED AS NATURAL LAVA TUNNEL

PALEOSOILPRE-LAYER 4

BEDROCKGEOLOGY

BANGUNAN LAYER 1

BANGUNAN LAYER 2

GUNUNG PADANGGEO-ELECTRIC 3D SURVEY

23 Januari 2012

NO TOPOGRAPHY CORRECTION

VERY HIGH RESISTIVITY BODIES

AFTER TOPOGRAPHY CORRECTION

VERY HIGH RESISTIVITY BODIES

GUNUNG PADANGGEO-ELECTRIC 3D SURVEY

23 Januari 2012

Frekuensi 1552Hz (Iterasi 311)λ ≈ 1.29 m

Velocity Awal 418m/s

CHAMBER

SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY SURVEYDR.ENG BAGUS ENDAR

PENAMPANG GEOLISTRIKBARAT - TIMUR

CHAMBER

BATAN:6700 BP Carbon age =~ Cal.BC 4700

DRILL CORE-1

4-5 m

BETA ANALITIC=13.510 BP Carbon age =~ Cal.BC 14.780

11.15 m

16m

CARBON DATING

BETA ANALITIC8710 BP Carbon age =~ Cal.BC 7720

3.90 m

BETA ANALITIC=19.400 BP Carbon age =~ Cal.BC 21.350

11.30 m

BATAN:13.600 BP Carbon age =~ Cal.BC 11.600

8-10 m

BETA ANALITIC22.770 BP Carbon age =~ Cal.BC 25.040-25.920

7.5 m

DRILL CORE 2 CARBON DATINGBATAN: 2500 yr BP/500 yr BC

PON PURAJATNIKA, 2000

SUNGAI CIKUTA

INITIAL ARCHITECTURE DESIGNOF LAYER 1

INITIAL ARCHITECTURE MODEL OF LAYER 2

Design ByPON PURAJATNIKA

INITIAL ARCHITECTURE MODEL OF LAYER 2

Design ByPON PURAJATNIKA

SIGNIFICANCE OF GUNUNG PADANGTO THE PRE-HISTORY OF INDONESIA &ASIAN CULTURES

MODELS OF THE PRE HISTORY OFCIVILIZATION OF INDONESIA AND ASIA

A. Out of Taiwan/ OOT (Robert Blust & PeterBellwood,1995 - Linguistics)

B. Nusantao Maritim Trading andCommunication Network / NMTCN (WilhelmSolheim,2000 - archeology) & Out ofSundaland (S. Oppenheimer & MartinRichards – Genetics & Anthropology)

SEA-LEVEL CHANGES AND DISSASTERS IN THE PAST 20.000 YEARS ANDTHE MISTERY OF HUMAN DECLINE AND GROWTH

Early PrehistoricOldest Pyramid

Modernworld

0 AD

PresentSeal Level

Sea-level20,000 BP

Sea-level11,000 BP

Late Prehistoric

INTENSEVOLCANISMS ?

ANCIENT SUNDALAND

North Sunda River

South Sunda River

Referensi :http://sahultime.monash.edu.au/explore.html

KALIMANTAN

JAWA

MALAYSIA

SULAWESI

PRESENT INDONESIA ISLAND ARC

Referensi :http://sahultime.monash.edu.au/explore.html

CONCLUDING REMARKS• TO UNDERSTAND BARELY KNOWN PREHISTORIC

CULTURES WE NEED TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNTTHE CONCEPT OF LIFE AND NATURAL CYCLES

• EMERGING EVIDENCES OF ADVANCE CULTURESPRE-HISTORIC TIME, SUCH AS GUNUNG PADANGCASE, PROVES OUR CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OFOUR ANCESTORS IS INACCURATE

• TO STUDY EVIDENCE SUCH AS LARGEMONUMENT OF ANCIENT CULTURES NEEDINTEGRATED MUKTI DISIPLINARY FIELDS ANDSTATE OF ART TECHNIQUES