Gunung padang case study-The Prehistoric Cultures: Are they primitive?
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THE PRE-HISTORIC CULTURES Are they primitive? Danny Hilman Natawidjaja Tim Terpadu Riset Mandiri (Integrated and Independent Research Team) of Gunung Padang World Culture Forum, 26 November 2013, Bali CASE STUDY FROM GUNUNG PADANG MEGALITHIC SITE WEST JAVA, INDONESIA
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• TO UNDERSTAND BARELY KNOWN PREHISTORIC CULTURES WE NEED TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE CONCEPT OF LIFE AND NATURAL CYCLES • EMERGING EVIDENCES OF ADVANCE CULTURES PRE-HISTORIC TIME, SUCH AS GUNUNG PADANG CASE, PROVES OUR CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF OUR ANCESTORS IS INACCURATE • TO STUDY EVIDENCE SUCH AS LARGE MONUMENT OF ANCIENT CULTURES NEED INTEGRATED MUKTI DISIPLINARY FIELDS AND STATE OF ART TECHNIQUES
Transcript of Gunung padang case study-The Prehistoric Cultures: Are they primitive?
THE PRE-HISTORIC CULTURESAre they primitive?
Danny Hilman NatawidjajaTim Terpadu Riset Mandiri
(Integrated and Independent Research Team)of Gunung Padang
World Culture Forum, 26 November 2013, Bali
CASE STUDY FROM GUNUNG PADANG MEGALITHIC SITEWEST JAVA, INDONESIA
CONCEPT OF WORLD CIVILIZATION
• ONE WORLD CULTURES DEVELOP SLOWLY FROMTHE STONE AGE ABOUT 11,000 YEARS AGO(always primitive stone ages/ hunterer andgatherers since 195,000 up to 11,000 years ago )
• OUR NEW HYPHOTHESIS: There are CYCLES OFCULTURES DUE TO TOTAL ANNIHILATION BYPERIODIC GLOBAL CATASTROPHIC EVENTS. The11,000 years ago was when our civilization cyclestarted
GLOBAL POPULATION GROWTH SINCE THE BEGINNING OF AD
IF WE EXTRAPOLATE THE LINEAR TREND BACK THEN ZERO POPULATIONOCCURED AT ABOUT 3000 YEARS BC
BUT HUMAN RACE APPEARS ON EARTH SINCE 195,000 YEARS AGO! HOW’S THAT POSSIBLE?
YEARS AD
POPU
LATI
ON
IN EARTH SCIENCES WE KNOW THAT:
• NATURAL PROCESSES ARE FREQUENTLYTERMINATED BY THE UNCONFORMITIES DUETO SUDDEN EVENTS OR ENVIRONMENTALCHANGES
• IN FACT, MOST OF THE EARTH STORIES LOSTIN THE UNCONFORMITY HORIZONS
• DOES IT ALSO OCCUR IN OUR HISTORY?
20130240340440
Homo SapiensHomo Erectus
TOBA ERUPTION
GLOBAL SEA-LEVEL/COLD-WARM CYCLES AND THE HUMAN RACE
195,000 yr ago
OURWARMCLIMATE
~ 4-5oC cooling? Vegetation collapse for ~3,000 years?
Courtesy: Mike Gagan, ANU
Carbon Isotope Data from Flores: TOBA ERUPTIONKILLED ALL GREEN VEGETATIONS IN INDONESIA
The STORY OF HOBBITSFrom Liang Bua, Flores (2007 excavation)
Courtesy: Mike Gagan, ANU
HOBBIT People appeared since 95.000 years ago andSuddenly dissepeared in about 11,600 years ago. WHAT HAPPEN?
Westaway et al.(2009)
Hobbit
Melt Water Pulse (MWP) 1a
Melt Water Pulse (MWP) 1b
THE 11,600 YEARS AGO IS THE END OF THE YOUNGER DRYAS (END OF PLEISTOCENE)
Oksigen Isotop (Delta 18O) dari sampel es coring GRIP – Greenland (Dansgard dkk,1993)dan data gas Methan(Blunier dkk, 1993; Chappellaz, 1993) untuk masa akhirJaman Glasial.
COLD HOT
CORAL DATA FROM BARBADOS ISLAND : SUDDEN SEA LEVEL RISE IN 11,600 YEARS AGO
AGE YEARS AGO (X1000)
RELA
TIVE
SEA
-LEV
EL H
EIGH
TS (M
ETER
)
150.000
100.000
50.000
20.000
10.000
0
YEARS AGO
TOBA GREATFLOODS
MAX
IMU
M G
LACI
AL
MAN
INJA
U
G. S
UN
DA
MAX
IMAM
GLA
CIAL
70.000
PERIODS OF LOTS OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITIESGLOBAL CATASTROPHIC EVENTS AND POPULATION CYCLES
WHAT CAN BE A PROOF OF ANANCIENT ADVANCE CIVILIZATION?
• ANY SIGN OF ADVANCE CULTURE FROM THEANCIENT TIME, LIKE A GREAT MONUMENT
SITUS
METHODOLOGY• Remote sensing• Surface Geology
•Archeology•Geomagnetic
• Ground Penetrating Radar• Electrical Resistivity•Seismic Tomography
•Bor sampling•LAB: Petrology, Carbon dating, etc
•Architectural analysis
MAHKOTA DUNIA (CROWN OF THE WORLD)SINGGASANA (THRONE)
MASIGIT
NATURAL:• Orientation of column at righ angle to bedding• diameters of columns are similar size• no filling between columns (tights)
Un-natural pile of rock columns
GIANT CAUSEWAY – NORTH IRELAND, UK
DATA FROM BALAI ARKEOLOGI TRENCHINGYEAR 2005 ON TERRACE 1
TERLIHAT ADA LAPISAN SUSUNAN BATU KOLOM – ARAH SESUAI DENGAN YANG TERLIHAT DI DINDINGLUAR, JUGA DIBUNGKUS/DIISI DIANTARANYA OLEH MATERIAL HALUS YANG DISEBUT OLEHBALAR/ARKENAS SEBAGAI KERAK LEMPUNG ALAMIAH (= BUKAN ‘SEMEN’) . LAPISAN BATU KOLOMDI BAWAH TANAH INI DIANGGAP SUMBER BATUAN ALAMIAHNYA
SOILS WITH CHUNKS OF COLUMNAR ROCKS BURIED THE CONSTRUCTIONS
ARCHEOLOGICAL TEST PIT, DR. ALI AKBAR,UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA 2013 - TTRM
DRILL_CORE 1
Drill CORE 1 – TERRACE 3
MASSIFLAVA
AS ABOVE
LAYERS OFCOLUMNARROCKS
12
3A
3B
4
15 M DEPTH
NORTH ----- SOUTH
Terrace-5Terrace-4Terrace-3Terrace-2
Terrace-1
RAMP
GPR Section From North to South crossing the SiteGSSI Sir-20 with MLF Antenna – 40 MHz
0
5
10
15
20
m
RESISTIVITY SECTIONNORTH to SOUTH
LANDEAN
PAPATUK
TONGGONGELUK
BEUTEUNGTADAH
SELUT
Water aquifer
Spacing Electrode = 8 m, 56 electrode
Layer-1Layer-2
Layer-3Layer-4
Spacing Electrode = 3 m, 112 electrode
PALEOSOILPRE-LAYER 4
BEDROCKGEOLOGY
THE CAVE MAY BE INITIALLYFORMED AS NATURAL LAVA TUNNEL
PALEOSOILPRE-LAYER 4
BEDROCKGEOLOGY
BANGUNAN LAYER 1
BANGUNAN LAYER 2
GUNUNG PADANGGEO-ELECTRIC 3D SURVEY
23 Januari 2012
NO TOPOGRAPHY CORRECTION
VERY HIGH RESISTIVITY BODIES
AFTER TOPOGRAPHY CORRECTION
VERY HIGH RESISTIVITY BODIES
GUNUNG PADANGGEO-ELECTRIC 3D SURVEY
23 Januari 2012
Frekuensi 1552Hz (Iterasi 311)λ ≈ 1.29 m
Velocity Awal 418m/s
CHAMBER
SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY SURVEYDR.ENG BAGUS ENDAR
PENAMPANG GEOLISTRIKBARAT - TIMUR
CHAMBER
BATAN:6700 BP Carbon age =~ Cal.BC 4700
DRILL CORE-1
4-5 m
BETA ANALITIC=13.510 BP Carbon age =~ Cal.BC 14.780
11.15 m
16m
CARBON DATING
BETA ANALITIC8710 BP Carbon age =~ Cal.BC 7720
3.90 m
BETA ANALITIC=19.400 BP Carbon age =~ Cal.BC 21.350
11.30 m
BATAN:13.600 BP Carbon age =~ Cal.BC 11.600
8-10 m
BETA ANALITIC22.770 BP Carbon age =~ Cal.BC 25.040-25.920
7.5 m
DRILL CORE 2 CARBON DATINGBATAN: 2500 yr BP/500 yr BC
PON PURAJATNIKA, 2000
SUNGAI CIKUTA
INITIAL ARCHITECTURE DESIGNOF LAYER 1
INITIAL ARCHITECTURE MODEL OF LAYER 2
Design ByPON PURAJATNIKA
INITIAL ARCHITECTURE MODEL OF LAYER 2
Design ByPON PURAJATNIKA
SIGNIFICANCE OF GUNUNG PADANGTO THE PRE-HISTORY OF INDONESIA &ASIAN CULTURES
MODELS OF THE PRE HISTORY OFCIVILIZATION OF INDONESIA AND ASIA
A. Out of Taiwan/ OOT (Robert Blust & PeterBellwood,1995 - Linguistics)
B. Nusantao Maritim Trading andCommunication Network / NMTCN (WilhelmSolheim,2000 - archeology) & Out ofSundaland (S. Oppenheimer & MartinRichards – Genetics & Anthropology)
SEA-LEVEL CHANGES AND DISSASTERS IN THE PAST 20.000 YEARS ANDTHE MISTERY OF HUMAN DECLINE AND GROWTH
Early PrehistoricOldest Pyramid
Modernworld
0 AD
PresentSeal Level
Sea-level20,000 BP
Sea-level11,000 BP
Late Prehistoric
INTENSEVOLCANISMS ?
ANCIENT SUNDALAND
North Sunda River
South Sunda River
Referensi :http://sahultime.monash.edu.au/explore.html
KALIMANTAN
JAWA
MALAYSIA
SULAWESI
PRESENT INDONESIA ISLAND ARC
Referensi :http://sahultime.monash.edu.au/explore.html
CONCLUDING REMARKS• TO UNDERSTAND BARELY KNOWN PREHISTORIC
CULTURES WE NEED TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNTTHE CONCEPT OF LIFE AND NATURAL CYCLES
• EMERGING EVIDENCES OF ADVANCE CULTURESPRE-HISTORIC TIME, SUCH AS GUNUNG PADANGCASE, PROVES OUR CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OFOUR ANCESTORS IS INACCURATE
• TO STUDY EVIDENCE SUCH AS LARGEMONUMENT OF ANCIENT CULTURES NEEDINTEGRATED MUKTI DISIPLINARY FIELDS ANDSTATE OF ART TECHNIQUES
