Post on 30-May-2018
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Functional Groups
What is the family name?
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alkanes
Only carbon and
hydrogen
All single bondsCC H
H
HH
H
H
Q: What should you call cyclic hydrocarbons made up
o of just single bonds?
A: Cycloalkanes
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alkenes
Only carbon and
hydrogen
A carbon to carbon
double bond
C C
H H
HH
Q: What should you call a molecule with two C=Cs?
A: A diene
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alcohols
Only one oxygen
Has an O-H group Can classify as 1/2/3
according to position
ofO-H group on
carbon skeleton
CC
H H
H
HH
HO
Q: Why are short-chain alcohols so soluble in water?
A: They can form hydrogen bonds with H2O molecules
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phenols
Only one oxygen
Has anO-H
group The O-H group is
directly attached to a
benzene ring
HO
Q: The C6H5- group has a special name. What is it?
A: Phenyl
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aldehydes
Only one oxygen
Has a C=O
group C=O group is at the
end of carbon chain,
so is next door to a
hydrogen atom
C C
H
H
O
H
H
Q: Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to form ?
A: Carboxylic acids
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ketones
Only one oxygen
Has a C=O group
C=O group is not
at the end of carbon
chain, so is next
door to 2 carbons
C C
H
H
O
H
H
C
H
H
Q: Ketones cannot easily be oxidised. Why not?
A: No hydrogen atom attached to the C=O group.
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carboxylic acids
Has 2 oxygens
Has O-H and C=O
groups on the samecarbon atom
This -COOH group has
to be at the end of a
carbon chain (why?)
C C
H
H
O
O
H
H
Q: Write an equation showing how ethanoic acid can
a act as a (weak) acid.
A: CH3COOH(aq) CH3COO(aq) + H+(aq)
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esters
Has 2 oxygens
One oxygen is part
of a C=Obond, theother is next door,
sandwichedbetween
two carbons
C C
H
H
O
O
H
C H
H
H
Q: This ester can be made by reacting ethanoic acid with
a an alcohol. Name the alcohol, and name the ester.
A: Alcohol = methanol; ester = methyl ethanoate
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ethers
Has 1 oxygen
No O-H or C=O
group The oxygen is
sandwichedbetween
two carbon atoms
C C
H
H O
H
C H
H
H
H
H
Q: Why do ethers have much lower boiling points
t than their isomeric alcohols?
A: No hydrogen bondsbetween ether molecules (why?)
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What family? quiz
Family names:
cycloalkane
alkene primary (1) alcohol
secondary (2) alcohol
tertiary (3) alcohol
phenol
aldehyde
ketone carboxylic acid
ester
ether are you ready?
5 4 3 2 1 GO!
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What family does it belong to? (1)
C C
H H
HH
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What family does it belong to? (2)
C C
H
H
O
H
H
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What family does it belong to? (3)
CC
H O
H
HH
HC
H
H
H
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What family does it belong to? (4)
OC
H
H
H
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What family does it belong to? (5)
H C O C H
H
H
H
H
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What family does it belong to? (6)
C C
H
H
O
O
H
C H
H
H
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What family does it belong to? (7)
C C
H
H
O
H
H
C
H
H
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What family does it belong to? (8)
HO
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What family does it belong to? (9)
C C
H
C
O
O
H
H
H
H
H
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What family does it belong to? (10)
CC
H
H
H
HO
CH H
H
CH H
H
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What family does it belong to? (11)
CC
H
H
H
H
H
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Answers: What family? quiz (1)
C C
H H
HH
alkene
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Answers: What family? quiz (2)
C C
H
H
O
H
H
aldehyde
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Answers: What family? quiz (3)
secondary alcohol
CC
H O
H
HH
HC
H
H
H
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Answers: What family? quiz (4)
primary alcohol
OC
H
H
H
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Answers: What family? quiz (5)
ether
H C O C H
H
H
H
H
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Answers: What family? quiz (6)
ester
C C
H
H
O
O
H
C H
H
H
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Answers: What family? quiz (7)
ketone
C C
H
H
O
H
H
C
H
H
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Answers: What family? quiz (8)
phenol
HO
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Answers: What family? quiz (9)
carboxylic acid
C C
H
C
O
O
H
H
H
H
H
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Answers: What family? quiz (10)
tertiary alcohol
CC
H
H
H
HO
CH H
H
CH H
H
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Answers: What family? quiz (11)
cycloalkane
CC
H
H
H
H
H
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Spot the functional groups quiz
Functional groups:
alkene
primary (1) alcohol secondary (2) alcohol
tertiary (3) alcohol
phenol arene (NEW!)
aldehyde
ketone carboxylic acid
ester
ether are you ready?
5 4 3 2 1 GO!
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Spot both the functional groups (1)
OH
OH
O
OH phenol
OH
O
carboxylic acid
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Spot all three functional groups (2)
OH
OO
O
O
O
OH
O
carboxylic acid
arene
ester
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Spot both the functional groups (3)
O
OOH
O
OOH
phenol
ester
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OHOH
OH
Spot both the functional groups (4)
OHOH
OH
primary alcohols
secondary alcohol
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Spot all three functional groups (5)
OH
O
OH
tertiary
alcohol
ketone
alkene
O
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Spot all three functional groups (6)
HH
arene
alkene
aldehyde
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Spot all three functional groups (7)
OCH3
OO
O CH3
ketone
arene
ether
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Functional groups quiz: results
Maximum score = 18
How did you do?