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8/9/2019 Family OrganicWMversion

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Functional Groups

What is the family name?


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alkanes

Only carbon and

hydrogen

All single bondsCC H

H

HH

H

H

Q: What should you call cyclic hydrocarbons made up

o of just single bonds?

A: Cycloalkanes


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alkenes

Only carbon and

hydrogen

A carbon to carbon

double bond

C C

H H

HH

Q: What should you call a molecule with two C=Cs?

A: A diene


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alcohols

Only one oxygen

Has an O-H group Can classify as 1/2/3

according to position

ofO-H group on

carbon skeleton

CC

H H

H

HH

HO

Q: Why are short-chain alcohols so soluble in water?

A: They can form hydrogen bonds with H2O molecules


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phenols

Only one oxygen

Has anO-H

group The O-H group is

directly attached to a

benzene ring

HO

Q: The C6H5- group has a special name. What is it?

A: Phenyl


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aldehydes

Only one oxygen

Has a C=O

group C=O group is at the

end of carbon chain,

so is next door to a

hydrogen atom

C C

H

H

O

H

H

Q: Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to form ?

A: Carboxylic acids


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ketones

Only one oxygen

Has a C=O group

C=O group is not

at the end of carbon

chain, so is next

door to 2 carbons

C C

H

H

O

H

H

C

H

H

Q: Ketones cannot easily be oxidised. Why not?

A: No hydrogen atom attached to the C=O group.


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carboxylic acids

Has 2 oxygens

Has O-H and C=O

groups on the samecarbon atom

This -COOH group has

to be at the end of a

carbon chain (why?)

C C

H

H

O

O

H

H

Q: Write an equation showing how ethanoic acid can

a act as a (weak) acid.

A: CH3COOH(aq) CH3COO(aq) + H+(aq)


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esters

Has 2 oxygens

One oxygen is part

of a C=Obond, theother is next door,

sandwichedbetween

two carbons

C C

H

H

O

O

H

C H

H

H

Q: This ester can be made by reacting ethanoic acid with

a an alcohol. Name the alcohol, and name the ester.

A: Alcohol = methanol; ester = methyl ethanoate


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ethers

Has 1 oxygen

No O-H or C=O

group The oxygen is

sandwichedbetween

two carbon atoms

C C

H

H O

H

C H

H

H

H

H

Q: Why do ethers have much lower boiling points

t than their isomeric alcohols?

A: No hydrogen bondsbetween ether molecules (why?)


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What family? quiz

Family names:

cycloalkane

alkene primary (1) alcohol

secondary (2) alcohol

tertiary (3) alcohol

phenol

aldehyde

ketone carboxylic acid

ester

ether are you ready?

5 4 3 2 1 GO!


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What family does it belong to? (1)

C C

H H

HH


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C C

H

H

O

H

H


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CC

H O

H

HH

HC

H

H

H


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OC

H

H

H


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H C O C H

H

H

H

H


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C C

H

H

O

O

H

C H

H

H


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C C

H

H

O

H

H

C

H

H


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HO


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C C

H

C

O

O

H

H

H

H

H


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CC

H

H

H

HO

CH H

H

CH H

H


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CC

H

H

H

H

H


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Answers: What family? quiz (1)

C C

H H

HH

alkene


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C C

H

H

O

H

H

aldehyde


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secondary alcohol

CC

H O

H

HH

HC

H

H

H


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primary alcohol

OC

H

H

H


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ether

H C O C H

H

H

H

H


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ester

C C

H

H

O

O

H

C H

H

H


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ketone

C C

H

H

O

H

H

C

H

H


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phenol

HO


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carboxylic acid

C C

H

C

O

O

H

H

H

H

H


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tertiary alcohol

CC

H

H

H

HO

CH H

H

CH H

H


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cycloalkane

CC

H

H

H

H

H


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Spot the functional groups quiz

Functional groups:

alkene

primary (1) alcohol secondary (2) alcohol

tertiary (3) alcohol

phenol arene (NEW!)

aldehyde

ketone carboxylic acid

ester

ether are you ready?

5 4 3 2 1 GO!


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Spot both the functional groups (1)

OH

OH

O

OH phenol

OH

O

carboxylic acid


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Spot all three functional groups (2)

OH

OO

O

O

O

OH

O

carboxylic acid

arene

ester


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O

OOH

O

OOH

phenol

ester


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OHOH

OH


OHOH

OH

primary alcohols

secondary alcohol


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OH

O

OH

tertiary

alcohol

ketone

alkene

O


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HH

arene

alkene

aldehyde


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OCH3

OO

O CH3

ketone

arene

ether


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Functional groups quiz: results

Maximum score = 18

How did you do?

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