Post on 16-Jul-2015
Definition
What is Job Hazard Analysis (or)
Job Safety Analysis ?
A systematic method of identifying
hazards & control measures to safely
perform a specific task.
Why hazard identification?
Hazard recognition or hazard
identification is vitally important in
accident prevention.
By recognizing hazards' characteristics
and properties, we can clearly
determine proper controls.
Hazard Awareness
When conducting a Job Safety Analysis we need to
take a fresh look at the way things are done at our
work place.
Just because "We've been doing it this way for
years,“ doesn't mean that a hazard doesn't exist.
Accepting a risk or hazard is not the same as
eliminating or controlling it.
We need to take a comprehensive look at all possible
hazards with an open mind.
What is a hazard?
A hazard is a situation that poses a
level of threat to life, health,
property, or environment.
A hazard can be a condition,
situation, practice or behaviour .
Difference between Hazard and Risk?
Hazard is anything that can cause harm
(e.g. work materials, equipment, work
methods and practices).
Risk is the chance of harm being done
(likelihood and the extent of harm).
Examples of a visible hazard
Untidy Working area
Missing machine guards
Broken or damaged ladders
Slippery surface.
Examples of a hidden hazard
Toxic/asphyxiating gases
Vapors inside a confined space
Emission from a radioactive
source
Six general categories of hazards
Physical (noise, vibration, temperature)
Chemical /Substances (exposure to cyanide,
acids, caustic soda, lead)
Ergonomic ( work area layout, equipment design,
instrument layout)
Radiation (ultraviolet exposure from the sun or
welding, infra-red from drying or heating processes)
Biological (viruses, bacteria, parasites)
Psychological (work load, shift arrangement,
workplace violence)
Hazards Types
The obvious hazard is apparent to the senses.
(e.g. unguarded machinery, building defects, faulty electrical equipment).
The concealed hazard is not apparent to the senses
(e.g. electricity, presence of toxic vapors, high frequency noise).
The developing hazard cannot be recognized immediately
and will develop over the time.
(e.g. a worn tire on a mobile crane, Worn steel wire ropes, cables )
The transient hazard is an intermittent or a temporary
hazard.
(e.g. overload of machinery, when a confined space permit has expired,
intermittent electrical or and mechanical defect).
JHA’s are used for: Accident Investigations.
A tool to analyze jobs/procedures.
Define job steps.
Identify hazards to reduce/eliminate them.
Identify safe practices.
Evaluate process design/equipment layout.
Training tool (new hires/review).
Transitional work/Job description.
Help profitability.
1. No safety clip on crane hook
2. Shackle between crane hook and sling ring
3. Knot in right-hand sling
4. Angle between legs of sling too wide
5. Insecure slinging method, chain too near end
of load. Is load secure?
6. Spare sling legs not hooked back
7. Load off level
8. What is SWL of sling?
9. Signaller not wearing safety helmet
10. Correct hand signals not being used
11. Adjacent excavation not guarded
12. Outrigger of crane too near to edge of trench
on unstable ground
13. Tag rope not being used
14. Driver cannot see signaler
15. Nails in timber sticking up
16. Spoil heap causing possible trip hazard
17. Spoil heap sited too close to edge of excavation
Lifting Operations – Spot the Hazards
Why Perform JHA? Identify existing
hazards.
Identify potential hazards.
Prioritize corrective actions.
Reduce or eliminate hazards.
How Are Jobs Selected for JHA?
High accident, injury, or illness
rates.
Frequent near misses.
Procedures, processes, or
equipment changes.
All other jobs.
Who develops a JHA ?
Anyone knowledgeable of the job
Managers
Supervisors
Team Leaders
Employees
The best choice is the “expert”
1. Break down the job.
2. Identify the hazards.
3. Evaluate the hazards.
4. Determine safe procedures
and protective measures.
5. Revise the JHA.
Steps in JHA
Break Down the Job
List each task in order of
occurrence.
Describe each action.
Consider the conditions.
Think about safety
issues .
STEP 1
To identify hazards the following are recommended:
Past incidents/accidents are examined to see what
happened and whether the same could occur again.
Employees are to be consulted to find out what they
consider are safety issues.
Work areas or work sites be inspected or examined to find
out what is happening now.
Information about procedures, equipment, materials be
reviewed to determine relevant safety precautions.
Some creative thinking about what could go wrong i.e. what
hazardous event could take place here?
Identify the Hazards STEP 2
Impact.
Penetration.
Being caught between
pinch points.
Harmful airborne
contaminants.
Repetitive motions and
awkward postures.
Identify the Hazards
STEP 2
Heat/cold.
Compression.
Optical radiation.
Chemical exposures.
Ionizing radiation.
Slippery surfaces.
Identify the Hazards - Contd
Evaluate the Hazards
Is this a safety or health hazard?
Could the hazard cause an injury or illness?
How serious is the risk?
Is this hazard always present?
STEP 3
Are engineering and administrative controls effective?
Is the right PPE being used?
Is safety training creating sufficient awareness?
Are protective measures adequate?
Evaluate the Hazards – Contd.
Determine Safe Procedures and Protections
STEP 4
Perform job differently.
Reconfigure work area/workstations.
Substitute less hazardous materials.
Change from manual to mechanical.
Insulating or cleaning.
Determine Safe Procedures and Protections (Cont.)
Add, improve, change
safety training.
Change tools or
equipment.
Change or add PPE.
Perform certain
tasks less often.
Revise the JHA: When an accident,
injury, or work-related
illness occurs.
After a near miss.
When the job changes.
Following an employee
safety complaint.
When equipment is
damaged.
Scheduled review.
STEP 5
Five General Hazard Areas
1. Materials - liquids (i.e., acids, bases, toxins), solids
(i.e., wood, metal, plastic), and gasses (flammables, and
explosives).
2. Equipment - includes machinery, vehicles, tools, and
devices.
3. Environment - noise, temperature extremes,
atmospheres, biological, and workstation design.
4. People - anyone in the workplace (i.e., employees,
guests, customers or contractors).
5. System - flawed policies, programs, plans, processes,
procedures, and practices.
Five Hazard control strategies
1. Elimination
2. Substitution
3. Engineering controls
4. Administrative controls
5. Personal protective equipment
The hierarchy of controls :
1. Eliminate the hazard altogether.
Ex:– Get rid of the dangerous machine.
2. Substitute the hazard with a safer alternative.
Ex:– replace the machine with a safer one.
3. Use engineering controls to reduce the risk.
Ex:– Attach guards to the machine to protect users.
4. Use administrative controls to reduce the risk.
Ex:– Train workers how to use the machine safely.
5. Use personal protective equipment (PPE).
Ex:– Wear gloves and goggles when using the machine.
Elimination and Substitution
These strategies are considered first
because they have the potential of
completely eliminating the hazard,
thus greatly reducing the probability
of an accident.
Elimination and Substitution
Some examples of these two
strategies include:
Removing the source of excessive
temperatures, noise, or pressure.
Substituting a toxic chemical with
a less toxic or non-toxic chemical.
Engineering Controls
Engineering controls are physical changes to the
work area or process that effectively minimize a
worker's exposure to hazards.
These controls focus on eliminating or reducing
the actual source of the hazard.
The basic concept behind engineering controls is
that, wherever feasible, the work environment and
the job itself should be designed to eliminate
hazards or reduce exposure to hazards.
Engineering Controls
Below are examples of this strategy.
Redesigning a process to use less toxic
chemicals;
Redesigning a work station to relieve physical
stress and remove ergonomic hazards; or
Designing general ventilation with sufficient
fresh outdoor air to improve indoor air quality
and to provide a safe, healthful atmosphere.
Administrative Controls
Administrative controls are aimed at reducing
employee exposure to hazards that engineering
controls fail to eliminate.
Administrative controls work by designing safe
work practices into job procedures and adjusting
work schedules.
Effective administrative controls will successfully
eliminate the human behaviors that result in
95% of all workplace accidents.
Administrative Controls
Below are examples of this strategy.
Giving workers longer rest periods or shorter
work shifts to reduce exposure time.
Moving a hazardous work process to an area
where fewer people will be exposed.
Changing a work process to a shift when
fewer people are working;
Frequent trainings and mock drills.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is the last
resort in hazard control measure and not the
first choice and should be used only when other
methods cannot control hazards sufficiently.
It should be used in addition to other control
hazards methods.
PPE can be uncomfortable, can decrease work
performance and can create new health and
safety hazards.
To Conclude JHA
Job-related injuries and fatalities occur every
day in the workplace.
These injuries often occur because employees
are not trained in the proper job procedure.
The JSA process is suitable for different trades
do different tasks, and need not require
enormous amounts of time or use endless
pieces of paper.
Remember The JHA / JSA provides a written record of the process to
be used to proceed on a task.
As it is a record that is legally binding, it should be
signed off by those who have responsibility for the tasks.
Management processes must be in place to ensure
workers have the skills to complete the job and that
there is a required level of supervision to ensure the
tasks are completed as documented.
The JHA/JSA should be completed by all employees
involved in the activity, not just the principal contractor
or supervisor.