Business and Computing Deanery

3D Modelling Week 1

Principles of parametric modelling

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Today The learning outcomes The structure of the module The assessments The principles of parametric modelling

3D space Coordinates Axes 3D primitives

VRML X3D

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Why this module? Temporal Modelling Research Group

What do you think we research?

Tutors for this module Robina Hetherington Brian Farrimond

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My dissertation – an example I wanted to do something with the web

Maybe XML I am an architect Model a building over the web?

Is this research? Model a building over time over the web?

New standard X3D, which is an application of XML

Dissertation did two things1. Examined the relationship of X3D with XML2. Explored the data structures involved in

displaying buildings at different times Is this research?

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This module Is about learning how to model in

3D Using software to generate a model Manipulate in a programming

environment

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Learning outcomes1. To research, develop and advance their

knowledge and understanding of the application of 3D modelling in digital media systems

2. To demonstrate self-direction and originality in tackling and solving problems in the creation of 3D models, and act autonomously in planning and implementing a series of models of increasing complexity

3. To demonstrate systematic and appropriate use of a 3D library within a programming language

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Materials covered Software for development and distribution of 3D

3D modelling tools 3D graphics programming APIs

Geometric principles of parametric modelling Methods of rendering Material properties Lighting and shadows Cameras Animation Integration and distribution of models within

digital media Hardware for 3D rendering

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Reading Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics

& Animation, 2nd Edition, New Riders, ISBN: 0-7357-1243-3 Directed reading

Tutorial booklet OpenGL booklet

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Structure Lectures and demonstrations Self study tutorials

You are expected to spend 150 hours on this module

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FML 409 software 3ds studio max version 7 Microsoft Office Notepad Visual C++ GLUT Internet Explorer

Flux Cosmo Cortona

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Assessment Presentation 20% Portfolio 80%

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Presentation You are to prepare a presentation which

explores different methods to display in a webpage and manipulate in real-time 3D models Note that this is NOT about the generation of

a model using software such as 3ds Max, but the display of models over the WWW.

You are expected to research at least two different methods and make a recommendation for use in your own portfolio work

You should illustrate these methods by demonstrating an example of each

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Your presentation 10 minutes Give your tutor

a printout, 3 slides per page an electronic copy on disc

It should include screen shots of the applications

Be fully referenced Harvard Need to identify

Information from others Conclusions from others

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Discussion What is meant by real-time? Give examples of methods of

displaying models Give examples of applications What criteria would you consider in

a critical comparison? How would you measure success?

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Presentation assessment Higher marks will be given for the

demonstration of a critical awareness of the role of software, the technologies used, and the end use of the application.

You should draw your own conclusion as the success, technical complexity and visual impact of the application.

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Portfolio Create a series of non-trivial and novel 3D

applications Build upon concepts taught in the tutorials Submission of paper screenshots Submission of electronic version On the disc you are expected to provide:

Webpages with critical reflection and links to your models

Your models Copy of your presentation

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What is 3D? 3D graphics -2D representation of

3D objects – flattened Objects exist in the memory of the

computer No physical form Numbers and mathematical

formulas

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3D software Enables you to create a scene, fill it

full of objects Apply materials to the objects Lighting Virtual cameras Animation View

Make a video Export as a 3D model

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How are 3D models used? Think of examples of 3D models

used in computer systems How are they used? Are you impressed?

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Film and TV Until recently the industry used matte

paintings, hand-built models or full sized props

1982 - TRON used 3D animation 1993 - Jurassic Park used 3D animation 1995 – Toystory completely CG

Computer Graphics Commercials News graphics Historical reconstructions

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The Web Applications

Demos of products 3d immersive

worlds Virtual history Training Medical

applications Design and

engineering Games

Methods Movie VRML QuickTime VR Java 3D Director/

Shockwave Others

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Gaming Animation in motion video

Quality and richness Real-time 3D graphics

Pay off between detail and speed and responsiveness

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Operating systems Sun

Looking glass

Windows Longhorn 3D UI

Sun - Looking Glass (2005

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Activity Look at:

www.virginmobile.com/mobile/www.bbc.co.uk/history/multimedia_zone/virtual_tours/www.sun.com/software/looking_glass/details.htmlwww.qtvr.co.uk/

Suggestions? Games Movies

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Two types of virtual reality Active

3D worlds

Advantages Immersive

environment Free movement

Disadvantages Rendering Specialist software? Hardware?

Passive Movies

Advantages Level of detail

Disadvantages Restricted view

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Your first portfolio Create a VRML model using Notepad of

a simple room constructed from primitive shapes, consisting of three walls and a floor. Insert a table constructed of two or more cylinders and a light

Due in Week 2 A screen shot of your model rendered in a

browser. Final submission

Embedded into a website, plus discussion

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It should look something like…

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Today Parametric modelling

3D space Coordinates Axes 3D primitives

VRML X3D

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VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language VRML is a scene description language Simple ascii text files which can be parsed

by a VRML interpreter VRML browsers

Cosmo Cortona Flux

Can be exported from most 3D modelling software

.wrl extension

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VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language

Designed to be the three-dimensional modelling equivalent of HTML

World Wide Web conference in Geneva in 1994

VRML 1.0 specification was released in May 1995

VRML 2.0, quickly replaced by VRML97

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Tony Parisi 1999 Where did VRML go wrong?

Buggy browsers Big plug-in downloads Interoperability of content

“…..that no amount of technology, no matter how good, is relevant without compelling applications that solve real problems. The logic of it seems simple enough—if technology isn’t useful, who’s going to use it? “

Tony Parisi (1999)

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X3D Developed collaboratively by the

Web3D Consortium Evolutionary Successor to VRML97 Adds:

New features Additional data encoding formats Stricter conformance Componentized architecture

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X3D Evolution of VRML 97 Application of XML VRML was badly implemented by

browsers Inconsistent views

Componentized But not widely used Currently cannot export from major 3D

modelling software .x3d extension

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A cylinderVRML#VRML V2.0 utf8# A cylinderShape { appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 1 0 0 } } geometry Cylinder { height 2 radius 5 }}

X3D<?xml version="1.0"

encoding="UTF-8"?><X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material

diffuseColor="1 0 0"/> </Appearance> <Cylinder height="2"

radius="5"/> </Shape> </Scene></X3D>

Comment

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Activity Open cylinder.wrl

Change the colour Change the sizes View in a browser

Open cylinder.x3d Change the colour Change the sizes View in a browser

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A boxVRML #VRML V2.0 utf8#A boxShape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Box { size 2.0 2.0 2.0 }}

X3D<?xml version="1.0"

encoding="UTF-8"?><X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material

diffuseColor="0 1 0"/> </Appearance> <Box size="2 2

2"/> </Shape> </Scene></X3D>

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A sphereVRML #VRML V2.0 utf8

Shape {

appearance Appearance {

material Material {

diffuseColor 1 1 1}

}

geometry Sphere { radius 0.15 }

}

X3D<?xml version="1.0"

encoding="UTF-8"?><X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material

diffuseColor=“1 1 1"/> </Appearance> <Sphere

radius=“0.15"/> </Shape> </Scene></X3D>

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Activity Open box.wrl

Change the colour Change the sizes View in a browser

Open box.x3d Change the colour Change the sizes View in a browser

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3D space Every point in 3D

space is defined by 3 coordinates

A cube shaped “cyberspace”

At the centre is the origin 0,0,0

Origin point(0,0,0)

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Coordinate and axes Coordinates

Each point is defined by 3 numbers, coordinates

X, Y, Z Width, height and depth

Axes Imaginary line in

cyberspace Width axis X runs

horizontally Height axis Y is vertical Depth axis Z travels

front to backY-

Y+

X- X+

Z-

Z+

Origin point0, 0, 0

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World coordinate system By default, all

shapes are built at the origin of the world coordinate system

If I have a box geometry Box { size 2.0 2.0 2.0 }

What are the coordinates of the 8 points? Y-

Y+

X- X+

Z-

Z+

Origin point0, 0, 0

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Transform A transform creates a coordinate

system that can be Positioned Rotated Scaled

Relative to a parent coordinate system

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Transform syntax Translation positions a coordinate system in X,

Y, and Z VRML

Transform { translation 0 0 1 children [ : ]}

X3D <Transform translation="0 0 1">:</Transform>

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Viewpoints A position in

cyberspace that represents the user’s location

Viewing plane Imaginary flat

panel that defines the limits of the user’s sight Everything else is

‘clipped off’Y-

Y+

X- X+

Z-

Z+

Origin point0, 0, 0

Viewpoint

Viewing plane

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ViewpointsVRML Viewpoint { description "First"

position 0 2 10}Viewpoint { description "Second"

position 0 2 20}

X3D <Viewpoint description="First" position="0 2 10"/>

<Viewpoint description="Second" position="0 2 20"/>

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Background VRML

Background { groundAngle [ 1.396,1.571 ] groundColor [ 1 1 1, 0 0.8 0.5, 0 0.5 0.3 ] skyAngle [ 0.785, 1.571 ] skyColor [ 0 0 0.5, 0 0 1, 1 1 1 ]}

X3D <Background

groundAngle="1.396,1.571“groundColor="1 1 1, 0 0.8 0.5, 0 0.5 0.3"

skyAngle="0.785, 1.571" skyColor="0 0 0.5, 0 0 1, 1 1 1"/>

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Activity Open portfolio1.wrl

Change the colour Change the sizes View in a browser

Add another cylinder (s), transform it to make a simple table

Add 3 boxes to form a floor and 2 walls

Change the colours

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Add some light#lampTransform { translation 0 1 0 children [

PointLight { location 0.0 0.0 0.0 radius 10.0 intensity 1.0 ambientIntensity 0.2 color 1 0.95 0.8 } Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material {diffuseColor 1 1 1} } geometry Sphere { radius 0.15 } }

]}

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Embedding in a web page Uses ActiveX

<object

classid="clsid:06646724-bcf3-11d0-9518-00c04fc2dd79"

width="50%" height="50%">

<param name="src“ value="tower.wrl">

</object>

Warning - with XP service pack you may get a warning about blocked content

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Plug-ins Cortona only VRML

<OBJECT CLASSID="clsid:86A88967-7A20-11D2-8EDA-00600818EDB1">

Cosmo Player only VRML

<OBJECT CLASSID=" clsid:06646724-bcf3-11d0-

9518-00c04fc2dd79"> FLUX VRML and X3D

<OBJECT CLASSID="clsid:918B202D-8E8F-4649-A70B-E9B178FEDC58">

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Activity Insert portfolio.wrl into

portfolio1.htm and view in a browser Change the plugin

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More information VRMLwww.sdsc.edu/~nadeau/Courses/WebNet98/

X3Dwww.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/

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Review VRML X3D Parametric modelling

3D space Coordinates and axes 3D primitives Viewing in a webpage

Questions?

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Self assessment What is meant by real-time rendering? What is the difference between VRML

and X3D? What are your options to display a

real-time model in a webpage? Describe the process of primitive

modelling Describe the process of

transformation of a 3D shape

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For week 2 Portfolio

Create a VRML model using Notepad of a simple room constructed from primitive shapes, consisting of three walls and a floor. Insert a table constructed of two or more cylinders.

A screenshot to be handed to your tutor

Directed reading Chapters 1-5 of 3D Graphics & Animation

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References Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation, 2nd Edition,

New Riders, ISBN: 0-7357-1243-3 Kerlow I. V., (2003) The Art of 3-D Computer Animation and

Effects , 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc; ISBN: 0471430366

Sun - Looking Glass http://www.sun.com/software/looking_glass/details.html Accessed 22/01/05

Nadeau D., A Beginner's Guide to VRML http://wp.netscape.com/eng/live3d/howto/vrml_primer_index.html Accessed 22/01/05

Introduction to VRML 97 http://www.sdsc.edu/~nadeau/Courses/WebNet98/ Accessed 22/01/05

Brutzman D. X3D examples http://www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/ Accessed 22/01/05