Business and Computing Deanery

Multimedia

Week 15 – Introduction to 3D modelling

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This weekLecture Software for

development and distribution of 3D

Hardware for 3D rendering

Geometric principles of parametric modelling

No supported session Organisation

Arrange presentations Discuss supported

sessions Discuss dates

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Last weekTwo types of 3D graphics Active

3D worlds

Advantages Immersive

environment Free movement

Disadvantages Rendering Specialist software? Hardware?

Passive Movies

Advantages Level of detail

Disadvantages Restricted view

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Presentation 2You are to research 2D and 3D multimedia applications again with a common theme. For instance you could investigate the development of a game over time, techniques for displaying items such as mobile phones or films with associated games.

At least one application should be recent (within the last two years)

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Your presentation Are you in groups? What are you going to research? Where are you going to start? What are you going to compare and

contrast?

Remember to refer to the marking criteria

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3d modelling software Ranges from the free to the very

expensive Why might it be so expensive? What might you expect your 3d

software to do?

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Activity In pairs

Find 3 examples of ‘professional’ 3d software

http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Business_to_Business/Computers/Software/Graphics/3D/

http://www.google.co.uk/ What is the cost of one licence? Can you to make a video? Can you to make an interactive model? What is the recommended hardware for

this software?

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Working in the 3D world Most programs have a common

features Viewports Mouse-selected features

Use right click for context sensitive menus Type-in commands and parameters

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3ds max v7 (2005)

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Wireframe modelling Wireframe modelling requires less

computing power than any form of rendering

Default 3 viewports wireframe 1 viewport rendered

Will use either OpenGL or DirectX to achieve the rendered view

But not proper rendering with lighting and shadows Takes even more processing power

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3ds max v7 (2005)

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Different viewports 3ds max allows lots of different

viewport arrangements

3ds max v7 (2005)

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Important – name your objects Why? Default names are OK but what

about a big scene?

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Different creation methods More than one way to create an object

Click and drag Keyboard entry for precise dimensions Altering the object parameters

Objects with a different number of dimensions (parameters) require a difference number of clicks and drags How many for a sphere, box, cone?

Create method Edge or centre for a sphere

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Selection Select buttons Select by name Select by region Select by filter Paintbrush selection

Multiple selection Isolate selection

3ds max v7 (2005)

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Activity Start up 3ds max

Draw a primitive shape Experiment with panning, zooming Change the viewpoints Experiment with ‘right clicking’

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Units and scale English

Feet an inches Metric

Meters and centimetres Generic

Decimal numbers

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Activity Using 3ds max help

Help>User reference Find out how to alter the units

system Make sure that the software is set to

Metres

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3D space Rectangular coordinate

system Known as Cartesian

coordinates World or global

coordinate system Each object can have its

own local coordinate system

3ds max v7 (2005)

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Coordinate and axes Coordinates

Each point is defined by 3 numbers, coordinates

X, Y, Z Width, height and depth

Axes Imaginary line in

cyberspace Width axis X runs

horizontally Height axis Y is vertical Depth axis Z travels

front to backY-

Y+

X- X+

Z-

Z+

Origin point0, 0, 0

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What are primitives? Basic building blocks Can be used to start any modelling

project First you need to create and move

things around Each object has a set or parameters

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Common 3D primitives Can you name

them? Cone Sphere GeoSphere Teapot Box Tube Cylinder Taurus

3ds max v7 (2005)

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Activity – Standard primitives Start up 3ds max

Draw a rectangular primitive shape Experiment with panning, zooming Change the viewpoints Experiment with ‘right clicking’

Draw a curved primitive shape Alter the number of segments

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Rendering You only ever see 3D objects as a

2D plane Rendering Paints pixels with colour, shadow,

lighting effects Onto a monitor – real time A file

A still image A video

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Exporting/importing your workFile conversion 3D Studio (3DS) Adobe Illustrator (AI) ASC Scene Export (ASE) AutoCAD (DWG) AutoCAD (DXF) Shockwave 3D FiLMBOX (FBX) Initial Graphics Exchange Standard

(IGES) Lightscape Material (ATR) Lightscape Blocks (BLK) Lightscape Parameter (DF) Lightscape Layers (LAY) Lightscape View (VW) Lightscape Preparation File (LP) Stereolithography (STL) VRML97 (WRL)

Rendering options AVI Files BMP Files CIN (Kodak Cineon) Files CWS (combustion Workspace) Files DDS Files EPS and PS (Encapsulated PostScript)

Files FLC Files GIF Files HDR Files IFL Files JPEG Files MOV (QuickTime Movie) Files MPEG Files PIC Files PNG Files PSD Files RLA Files RPF Files RGB (SGI Image) Files TGA (Targa) Files TIFF Files YUV Files

3ds max v7 (2005)

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VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language VRML is a scene description language Simple ascii text files which can be parsed

by a VRML interpreter VRML browsers

Cosmo Cortona Flux

Can be exported from most 3D modelling software

.wrl extension

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VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language

Designed to be the three-dimensional modelling equivalent of HTML

World Wide Web conference in Geneva in 1994

VRML 1.0 specification was released in May 1995

VRML 2.0, quickly replaced by VRML97

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Tony Parisi 1999 Where did VRML go wrong?

Buggy browsers Big plug-in downloads Interoperability of content

“…..that no amount of technology, no matter how good, is relevant without compelling applications that solve real problems. The logic of it seems simple enough—if technology isn’t useful, who’s going to use it? “

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X3D Developed collaboratively by the

Web3D Consortium Evolutionary Successor to VRML97 Adds:

New features Additional data encoding formats Stricter conformance Componentized architecture

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X3D Evolution of VRML 97 Application of XML VRML was badly implemented by

browsers Inconsistent views

Componentized But not widely used Currently cannot export from major

3D modelling software .x3d extension

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A cylinderVRML#VRML V2.0 utf8# A cylinderShape { appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 1 0 0 } } geometry Cylinder { height 2 radius 5 }}

X3D<?xml version="1.0"

encoding="UTF-8"?><X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material

diffuseColor="1 0 0"/> </Appearance> <Cylinder height="2"

radius="5"/> </Shape> </Scene></X3D>

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A boxVRML #VRML V2.0 utf8Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Box { size 2.0 2.0 2.0 }}

X3D<?xml version="1.0"

encoding="UTF-8"?><X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material

diffuseColor="0 1 0"/> </Appearance> <Box size="2 2

2"/> </Shape> </Scene></X3D>

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A sphereVRML #VRML V2.0 utf8

Shape {

appearance Appearance {

material Material {

diffuseColor 1 1 1}

}

geometry Sphere { radius 0.15 }

}

X3D<?xml version="1.0"

encoding="UTF-8"?><X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material

diffuseColor=“1 1 1"/> </Appearance> <Sphere

radius=“0.15"/> </Shape> </Scene></X3D>

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Embedding in a web page Uses ActiveX

<object

classid="clsid:06646724-bcf3-11d0-9518-00c04fc2dd79"

width="50%" height="50%">

<param name="src“ value="tower.wrl">

</object>

Warning - with XP service pack you may get a warning about blocked content

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Plug-ins Cortona only VRML

<OBJECT CLASSID="clsid:86A88967-7A20-11D2-8EDA-00600818EDB1">

Cosmo Player only VRML

<OBJECT CLASSID=" clsid:06646724-bcf3-11d0-

9518-00c04fc2dd79"> FLUX VRML and X3D

<OBJECT CLASSID="clsid:918B202D-8E8F-4649-A70B-E9B178FEDC58">

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Activity1. VRML

Export your model as VRML View the file

2. Render as an image

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Review VRML X3D Parametric modelling

3D space Coordinates and axes 3D primitives Viewing in a webpage

Questions?

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Portfolio 2.1 Create a VRML model using 3ds

max of a simple room constructed from primitive shapes, consisting of three walls and a floor. Insert a desk constructed of cylinders and boxes. A screen shot of your model rendered

in a browser, printed

More next week

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It should look something like…

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Question Hope has asked you to make a 3d

model of the campus What are your software options? What are the cost implications of the

various pieces of software? What type of 3D visualisation could be

generated? What are the hardware implications?

Discuss critically, comparing and draw a conclusion

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More questions What is the difference between

VRML and X3D Which would you choose to use to

display a 3D model, why? List the advantages and

disadvantages of VRML and X3D Describe the process of primitive

modelling

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For Next Week Work on your presentation Start on the 3ds max tutorials Directed reading chapters 1, 2 and 3

Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation, 2nd Edition

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References Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation,

2nd Edition, New Riders, ISBN: 0-7357-1243-3 Kerlow I. V., (2003) The Art of 3-D Computer

Animation and Effects , 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc; ISBN: 0471430366

Screen shots taken from 3ds max 7 User Reference