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Assignment #1 Due 2pm Oct 22nd
y The Real Promise of Synthetic Biology, ScientificAmerican (Feb 2010) page 32.
y Type out summary in your own words
yUse proper citations as outline in SSA001 course
y One page max for summary
y References can be on second page.
y Hand in Hardcopy before 2 pm on Friday 22nd
y Submit electronic copy in SafeAssign in theAssignment section of the course in My Seneca
y No late Assignments accepted but early one will be
October 2010 Biology 173 Proteins 1
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Proteins
y Starr & Taggart (2008)y Cell Biology and Genetics
y Chapter 3 Molecules of Lifey 3.5 Proteins Diversity in Structure & Function
y 3.6 Why is Protein Structure So Important?
y Pages 44 47
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Protein
yMost diverse biological molecule
yOrganic compound composed of one ormore chains of amino acids
yAmino Acid Polymer
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Biological Importance
y Proteio = of primary importance
y Cell = 9 000 different proteins
y Body = 100 000 different proteins
y Catalyst
y Enzymes Speed up Chemical Reactions
y Structural
y
Spiderwebs, feathers, hooves & hairy Storage
y Store small molecules and ions
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Biological Importance
y Transport
y Across cell membranes & through body fluids
y Protection
y Antibodies & Blood clotting
y Regulatory
y Hormones
y
Motiony Muscles
y Nerve Impulses
y ReceptorsOctober 2010 Biology 173 Proteins 6
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Protein Structure
y Composed of the Elements:
y Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Nitrogen & Sulfur
y Amino Acid is the Monomery Small organic compound
y Amine group (-NH2)
y Carboxyl group (-COOH)
y One of 20 different side chain R Groups
y In water the functional groups ionize
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Amino Acids
y 20 natural Amino Acids
y Side Chain R Groups
y Differs in structure and properties
y Amino Acids classified by the properties of side chain
y Polar vs Non-Polar
y Acidic vs Basic vs Neutral
y Appendix V
y 3 letters codes for each Amino Acid
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Amino Acids Non-Polar Neutral
October 2010 Biology 173 Proteins 10
Leucine Phenylalanine Proline Methionine
Valine IsoleucineAlanineGlycine
Drawing
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Amino Acids Polar Neutral
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Asparagine Cysteine Glutamine
Tyrosine TryptophanThreonineSerine
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Amino Acids Polar Basic
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Extra Amino Group
Positive Charge
HistidineArginineLysine
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Amino Acids Polar Acidic
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Extra Carboxyl Group
Negative Charge
Glutamic AcidAspartic Acid
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Peptide Bond
y Carboxylic Acid + Amine
y Condensation Reaction to create Peptide Bond
October 2010 Biology 173 Proteins 15
+ H2O
AmineCarboxyl Peptide
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Peptide Bond Formation
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Drawing
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Polypeptide
y Amino Acid Polymer
y DNA codes for what the sequence of Amino Acids will be
y Short Chain Length = Peptide
y Less than 10 amino acids
y Dipeptide, Tripeptide, ., Nonapeptide
y Over 200 necessary for the human body
y Hormones
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Vasopressin - Nonapeptide
y Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
y Reduces volume of urine formed
y Conserves body water
y
Raises blood pressure
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Oxytocin - Nonapeptide
y Causes contraction of smooth muscle
y Uterus (labour, induction)
y Mammary Glands (lactation)
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Protein
y Size
y Molecular Weight 6000 millions g/mol
y Single Amino Acid Residue ~ 110 amu
y
Molecular Weight / 110 = # of amino acid monomers
y Hemoglobin
y C2952H4664O832N812S8Fe4y 65,000 AMUy 574 amino acid residues
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Summary
y Amino Acids
y Non-Polar Neutral
y Polar Neutral
y
Polar Basicy Polar Acidic
y Peptide Bond Formation
y Polypeptides
October 2010 Biology 173 Proteins 22