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Assignment #1 Due 2pm Oct 22nd

y The Real Promise of Synthetic Biology, ScientificAmerican (Feb 2010) page 32.

y Type out summary in your own words

yUse proper citations as outline in SSA001 course

y One page max for summary

y References can be on second page.

y Hand in Hardcopy before 2 pm on Friday 22nd

y Submit electronic copy in SafeAssign in theAssignment section of the course in My Seneca

y No late Assignments accepted but early one will be

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Proteins

y Starr & Taggart (2008)y Cell Biology and Genetics

y Chapter 3 Molecules of Lifey 3.5 Proteins Diversity in Structure & Function

y 3.6 Why is Protein Structure So Important?

y Pages 44 47

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Protein

yMost diverse biological molecule

yOrganic compound composed of one ormore chains of amino acids

yAmino Acid Polymer

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Biological Importance

y Proteio = of primary importance

y Cell = 9 000 different proteins

y Body = 100 000 different proteins

y Catalyst

y Enzymes Speed up Chemical Reactions

y Structural

y

Spiderwebs, feathers, hooves & hairy Storage

y Store small molecules and ions

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Biological Importance

y Transport

y Across cell membranes & through body fluids

y Protection

y Antibodies & Blood clotting

y Regulatory

y Hormones

y

Motiony Muscles

y Nerve Impulses

y ReceptorsOctober 2010 Biology 173 Proteins 6

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Protein Structure

y Composed of the Elements:

y Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Nitrogen & Sulfur

y Amino Acid is the Monomery Small organic compound

y Amine group (-NH2)

y Carboxyl group (-COOH)

y One of 20 different side chain R Groups

y In water the functional groups ionize

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Amino Acids

y 20 natural Amino Acids

y Side Chain R Groups

y Differs in structure and properties

y Amino Acids classified by the properties of side chain

y Polar vs Non-Polar

y Acidic vs Basic vs Neutral

y Appendix V

y 3 letters codes for each Amino Acid

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Amino Acids Non-Polar Neutral

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Leucine Phenylalanine Proline Methionine

Valine IsoleucineAlanineGlycine

Drawing

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Amino Acids Polar Neutral

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Asparagine Cysteine Glutamine

Tyrosine TryptophanThreonineSerine

Drawing

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Amino Acids Polar Basic

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Extra Amino Group

Positive Charge

HistidineArginineLysine

Drawing

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Amino Acids Polar Acidic

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Extra Carboxyl Group

Negative Charge

Glutamic AcidAspartic Acid

Drawing

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Peptide Bond

y Carboxylic Acid + Amine

y Condensation Reaction to create Peptide Bond

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+ H2O

AmineCarboxyl Peptide

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Peptide Bond Formation

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Drawing

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Polypeptide

y Amino Acid Polymer

y DNA codes for what the sequence of Amino Acids will be

y Short Chain Length = Peptide

y Less than 10 amino acids

y Dipeptide, Tripeptide, ., Nonapeptide

y Over 200 necessary for the human body

y Hormones

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Vasopressin - Nonapeptide

y Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

y Reduces volume of urine formed

y Conserves body water

y

Raises blood pressure

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Oxytocin - Nonapeptide

y Causes contraction of smooth muscle

y Uterus (labour, induction)

y Mammary Glands (lactation)

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Protein

y Size

y Molecular Weight 6000 millions g/mol

y Single Amino Acid Residue ~ 110 amu

y

Molecular Weight / 110 = # of amino acid monomers

y Hemoglobin

y C2952H4664O832N812S8Fe4y 65,000 AMUy 574 amino acid residues

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Summary

y Amino Acids

y Non-Polar Neutral

y Polar Neutral

y

Polar Basicy Polar Acidic

y Peptide Bond Formation

y Polypeptides

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