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Chapter 1
Overview ofElectrical/Electronic Systems
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Objectives
Give examples of electrical and electronicdevices.
Summarize why electric and electronicdevices have replaced many mechanicaldevices in the automobile.
Explain how modern automotive systemsinteract.
Recall the basic components of acomputer network and their function.
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Objectives
Identify the major parts of electrical/electronic systems.
Explain the basic operation of majorelectrical/electronic systems of anautomobile.
Recall the typical locations ofelectric/electronic components.
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Electric vs. Electronic
Electric device
Uses electricity todo work
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Electric vs. Electronic (Cont.)
Electronic device
Made of semiconductor materialAlters flow of electricity
t
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vantages oElectrical/Electronic Devices
Better efficiency
Faster
More accurate
Higher fuel economy and performance
Fewer toxic emissions
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System Interaction
All major systems work together
Faults may be difficult to trace
Training is absolutely necessary
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Review
What are electronic components
composed of?
Answer:semiconductor material
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Review
Which of the following is an advantage of
electronic components vs. mechanicalcomponents?
A. They have more moving parts.B. They are more accurate.
C. They require no electricity.D. They need no maintenance.
Answer:B. They are more accurate.
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Computer Systems
Sensors
Computer
Actuators
Wiring harness
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Computer Systems (Cont.)
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Computer Systems (Cont.)
Actuators
Receive signals fromcomputer
Produce movement to
alter system operation
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Computer Systems (Cont.)
On-board diagnostics
Analyze circuit operationDisplay warning or malfunction indicator
Store trouble codesScan tool retrieves codes
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Review
The components of an automotive
computer system include the _____,computer, actuators, and wiring
harness.
Answer:sensors
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Review
What is the function of the main
computer in an automotive computersystem?
Answer:It analyzes inputs from the sensors
and sends instructions to the actuators.
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Starting System
Components
Ignition switchStarter solenoid
Starting motor
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Ch i S
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Charging System
Components
Alternator (generator)Voltage regulator
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I iti S t
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Ignition System
Purpose
Ignites air-fuel mixtureMonitors engine speed and other variables
ComponentsIgnition switch
Ignition coilSpark plugs
I iti S t (C t )
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Ignition System (Cont.)
F l S t
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Fuel System
Electronic fuel injection
Used in all late-model vehiclesInjector pulse width controls fuel to engine
Almost instantaneous response to sensorinput
F l S t (C t )
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Fuel System (Cont.)
Electronic Fuel Injection
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Lighting System (Cont )
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Lighting System (Cont.)
Instrumentation Systems
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Instrumentation Systems
Navigation system
Displays road mapProvides vehicle location and direction
Driver information systemInforms driver of vehicle conditions
Some use alphanumeric code
Climate control system
Wiper/Washer System
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Wiper/Washer System
Primarily electrical
Small DC motor operates wipersElectric pump in washer fluid reservoir
Horn System
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Horn System
Switch on steering wheel
Relay sends current to horn
Horn System (Cont )
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Horn System (Cont.)
eat, n ow, oc , an oun
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, , ,Systems
Power seat system
Power window systemPower lock system
Sound system
eat, n ow, oc , an oun
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, , ,Systems (Cont.)
Power Lock System
eat, n ow, oc , an oun
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Systems (Cont.)
Sound System
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Restraint System (Cont )
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Restraint System (Cont.)
Suspension System
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Suspension System
Stability control system controls shock
absorber stiffnessActive suspension system makes
wheels follow road surface
Suspension System (Cont )
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Suspension System (Cont.)
Computer-Controlled Suspension System
Brake System
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Brake System
Anti-lock brake system maintains
Directional stabilitySteerability
Brake System (Cont.)
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Brake System (Cont.)
Anti-Lock Brake System
Traction Control System
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Traction Control System
Prevents slippage on slick pavement
Applies brake to wheels individually
Review
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Which automotive system produces the
high voltage that operates a vehiclesspark plugs?
Answer:ignition system
Review
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What is the purpose of a stability
control system?
Answer:It controls shock absorber stiffness.
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Glossary
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Active suspension system
A suspension system that uses hydraulic rams
instead of conventional suspension system
springs and shock absorbers. The hydraulic
rams support the weight of the car and alsoreact to the road surface and different driving
conditions.
ActuatorAny output device controlled by a computer.
Glossary
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y
Alphanumeric codeA code that contains letters or words and
numbers.
Alternator
A device in a vehicle that produces current bychanging the spinning motion of the alternatorpulley (mechanical energy) into electrical
energy. The alternator feeds the electricalenergy to the battery and to otherelectrical/electronic systems. Also called agenerator.
Glossary
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y
Anti-lock brake systemA brake system that uses wheel speed
sensors, a computer, and a hydraulic actuatorto maintain directional stability and steerabilityduring braking.
Charging systemA system that forces current back through the
battery to recharge it and also provideselectricity for all of the vehicles electric deviceswhen the engine is running. This systemserves as the electric power supply undernormal operating conditions.
Glossary
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Climate control system
A system that automatically operates the air
conditioning and heating systems to maintain
passenger compartment temperature.
Computer systemElectric and electronic devices that perform
specific functions.
Glossary
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Driver information system
A vehicle communication system that uses a
small speaker, computer, and numerous
sensors to inform the driver of vehicle
conditions.Electric device
A device that uses electricity to do work.
Examples include electric motors, mechanical
switches, mechanical relays, solenoids, and
light bulbs.
Glossary
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Electronic deviceA component that is composed of
semiconductor material, which allows thedevice to alter the flow of electricity. Examplesinclude diodes, transistors, sensors, and
automotive computers. Also called electroniccomponentor solid state component.
Fiber opticsA field of electronics in which light is used tocarry data through small strands of plastic orglass fiber. Also, refers to cable which haslight-carrying strands of plastic or glass.
Glossary
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GeneratorA device in a vehicle that produces current and
feeds it to the battery and to otherelectrical/electronic systems. Also called analternator.
Horn systemA system thatuses a switch mounted on thesteering wheel and a relay to send current tothe horn(s). The horns use a coil-operateddiaphragm to produce sound waves and anaudible sound.
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Glossary
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Ignition system
A system used on gasoline engines to ignite
the air-fuel mixture. The system produces an
extremely high voltage surge that operates the
spark plugs. A very hot electric arc jumpsacross the gap between the electrodes of each
spark plug at the correct time. This causes the
engines air-fuel mixture to burn, expand, andproduce power.
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Glossary
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MultiplexingCarrying several control signals in a single
wire.
Navigation system
A system that uses a display screen andsatellite information to show a road map ofvehicle location and direction. Using a globalpositioning system (GPS), the navigationsystem can plot vehicle location in real time tohelp the driver find his or her location on a mapof the geographic area.
Glossary
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On-board diagnostics
Refers to a vehicle computers ability to
analyze the operation of its circuits and to
output data identifying any problems found.
All late-model passenger vehicles have thisself-test feature.
Power lock system
A vehicle lock system that uses solenoids to
move the door lock knobs up or down.
Glossary
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Power seat system
A vehicle seating system in which the seats
have small electric motors to control seat
positioning. Multi-position switches control the
rotation and engagement of the motors tomove the seats into various positions.
Restraint system
A system that protects the driver and
passengers during a collision or wreck.
Glossary
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Scan toolAn electronic test instrument designed to retrieve
trouble codes from the computers memory andto display the codes as a number and wordsexplaining the problem. Also checks the
operation of vehicle sensors, actuators, wiring,and the computer itself. They connect to adiagnostic link, or test terminal, on the vehicle.
They measure voltages or computer signals,providing the technician with information aboutthe condition of numerous components and
circuits. Also called a diagnostic readout tool.
Glossary
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Sensor
A device that provides input to an automotive
computer. They can detect part movement,
temperature changes, pressure variance,
chemical content, part location, rotation speed,sounds, and other conditions.
Glossary
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Sound system
A system that includes many audio devices,
such as an AM-FM stereo, tape player,
compact disc player, satellite radio, or iPod.
Late-model vehicles may come equipped withexotic sound systems, which may include
numerous speakers, a power booster, and a
digital music storage device.
Glossary
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Stability control system
A system that uses a computer, steering
sensor, throttle sensor, speed sensor, yaw
sensor, and shock damping actuators to
control shock absorber stiffness.Starter solenoid
A solenoid thatenergizes the starting motor.
Glossary
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Starting motor
An electric motor that uses a gear drive to
crank (start) the engine. Also called a starter.
Starting system
A system that cranks the engine until theengine starts and runs on its own power.
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Glossary
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Voltage regulator
In a vehicle, it is a semiconductor device that
maintains an alternator output of approximately
13 to 15 volts.
Wiper/washer systemThe combination of the windshield washer and
wiper systems.