Automotive Electrical & Electronic Systems_ an Overview

8/12/2019 Automotive Electrical & Electronic Systems_ an Overview

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Chapter 1

Overview ofElectrical/Electronic Systems


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Objectives

Give examples of electrical and electronicdevices.

Summarize why electric and electronicdevices have replaced many mechanicaldevices in the automobile.

Explain how modern automotive systemsinteract.

Recall the basic components of acomputer network and their function.


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Objectives

Identify the major parts of electrical/electronic systems.

Explain the basic operation of majorelectrical/electronic systems of anautomobile.

Recall the typical locations ofelectric/electronic components.


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Electric vs. Electronic

Electric device

Uses electricity todo work


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Electric vs. Electronic (Cont.)

Electronic device

Made of semiconductor materialAlters flow of electricity

t


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vantages oElectrical/Electronic Devices

Better efficiency

Faster

More accurate

Higher fuel economy and performance

Fewer toxic emissions


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System Interaction

All major systems work together

Faults may be difficult to trace

Training is absolutely necessary


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Review

What are electronic components

composed of?

Answer:semiconductor material


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Review

Which of the following is an advantage of

electronic components vs. mechanicalcomponents?

A. They have more moving parts.B. They are more accurate.

C. They require no electricity.D. They need no maintenance.

Answer:B. They are more accurate.


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Computer Systems

Sensors

Computer

Actuators

Wiring harness


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Computer Systems (Cont.)


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Actuators

Receive signals fromcomputer

Produce movement to

alter system operation


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On-board diagnostics

Analyze circuit operationDisplay warning or malfunction indicator

Store trouble codesScan tool retrieves codes


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Review

The components of an automotive

computer system include the _____,computer, actuators, and wiring

harness.

Answer:sensors


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Review

What is the function of the main

computer in an automotive computersystem?

Answer:It analyzes inputs from the sensors

and sends instructions to the actuators.


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Starting System

Components

Ignition switchStarter solenoid

Starting motor


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Ch i S


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Charging System

Components

Alternator (generator)Voltage regulator


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I iti S t


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Ignition System

Purpose

Ignites air-fuel mixtureMonitors engine speed and other variables

ComponentsIgnition switch

Ignition coilSpark plugs

I iti S t (C t )


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Ignition System (Cont.)

F l S t


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Fuel System

Electronic fuel injection

Used in all late-model vehiclesInjector pulse width controls fuel to engine

Almost instantaneous response to sensorinput

F l S t (C t )


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Fuel System (Cont.)

Electronic Fuel Injection


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Lighting System (Cont )


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Lighting System (Cont.)

Instrumentation Systems


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Instrumentation Systems

Navigation system

Displays road mapProvides vehicle location and direction

Driver information systemInforms driver of vehicle conditions

Some use alphanumeric code

Climate control system

Wiper/Washer System


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Wiper/Washer System

Primarily electrical

Small DC motor operates wipersElectric pump in washer fluid reservoir

Horn System


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Horn System

Switch on steering wheel

Relay sends current to horn

Horn System (Cont )


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Horn System (Cont.)

eat, n ow, oc , an oun


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, , ,Systems

Power seat system

Power window systemPower lock system

Sound system



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, , ,Systems (Cont.)

Power Lock System



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Systems (Cont.)

Sound System


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Restraint System (Cont )


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Restraint System (Cont.)

Suspension System


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Suspension System

Stability control system controls shock

absorber stiffnessActive suspension system makes

wheels follow road surface

Suspension System (Cont )


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Suspension System (Cont.)

Computer-Controlled Suspension System

Brake System


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Brake System

Anti-lock brake system maintains

Directional stabilitySteerability

Brake System (Cont.)


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Brake System (Cont.)

Anti-Lock Brake System

Traction Control System


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Traction Control System

Prevents slippage on slick pavement

Applies brake to wheels individually

Review


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Which automotive system produces the

high voltage that operates a vehiclesspark plugs?

Answer:ignition system

Review


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What is the purpose of a stability

control system?

Answer:It controls shock absorber stiffness.


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Glossary


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Active suspension system

A suspension system that uses hydraulic rams

instead of conventional suspension system

springs and shock absorbers. The hydraulic

rams support the weight of the car and alsoreact to the road surface and different driving

conditions.

ActuatorAny output device controlled by a computer.

Glossary


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Alphanumeric codeA code that contains letters or words and

numbers.

Alternator

A device in a vehicle that produces current bychanging the spinning motion of the alternatorpulley (mechanical energy) into electrical

energy. The alternator feeds the electricalenergy to the battery and to otherelectrical/electronic systems. Also called agenerator.

Glossary


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Anti-lock brake systemA brake system that uses wheel speed

sensors, a computer, and a hydraulic actuatorto maintain directional stability and steerabilityduring braking.

Charging systemA system that forces current back through the

battery to recharge it and also provideselectricity for all of the vehicles electric deviceswhen the engine is running. This systemserves as the electric power supply undernormal operating conditions.

Glossary


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Climate control system

A system that automatically operates the air

conditioning and heating systems to maintain

passenger compartment temperature.

Computer systemElectric and electronic devices that perform

specific functions.

Glossary


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Driver information system

A vehicle communication system that uses a

small speaker, computer, and numerous

sensors to inform the driver of vehicle

conditions.Electric device

A device that uses electricity to do work.

Examples include electric motors, mechanical

switches, mechanical relays, solenoids, and

light bulbs.

Glossary


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Electronic deviceA component that is composed of

semiconductor material, which allows thedevice to alter the flow of electricity. Examplesinclude diodes, transistors, sensors, and

automotive computers. Also called electroniccomponentor solid state component.

Fiber opticsA field of electronics in which light is used tocarry data through small strands of plastic orglass fiber. Also, refers to cable which haslight-carrying strands of plastic or glass.

Glossary


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GeneratorA device in a vehicle that produces current and

feeds it to the battery and to otherelectrical/electronic systems. Also called analternator.

Horn systemA system thatuses a switch mounted on thesteering wheel and a relay to send current tothe horn(s). The horns use a coil-operateddiaphragm to produce sound waves and anaudible sound.


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Glossary


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Ignition system

A system used on gasoline engines to ignite

the air-fuel mixture. The system produces an

extremely high voltage surge that operates the

spark plugs. A very hot electric arc jumpsacross the gap between the electrodes of each

spark plug at the correct time. This causes the

engines air-fuel mixture to burn, expand, andproduce power.


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Glossary


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MultiplexingCarrying several control signals in a single

wire.

Navigation system

A system that uses a display screen andsatellite information to show a road map ofvehicle location and direction. Using a globalpositioning system (GPS), the navigationsystem can plot vehicle location in real time tohelp the driver find his or her location on a mapof the geographic area.

Glossary


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On-board diagnostics

Refers to a vehicle computers ability to

analyze the operation of its circuits and to

output data identifying any problems found.

All late-model passenger vehicles have thisself-test feature.

Power lock system

A vehicle lock system that uses solenoids to

move the door lock knobs up or down.

Glossary


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Power seat system

A vehicle seating system in which the seats

have small electric motors to control seat

positioning. Multi-position switches control the

rotation and engagement of the motors tomove the seats into various positions.

Restraint system

A system that protects the driver and

passengers during a collision or wreck.

Glossary


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Scan toolAn electronic test instrument designed to retrieve

trouble codes from the computers memory andto display the codes as a number and wordsexplaining the problem. Also checks the

operation of vehicle sensors, actuators, wiring,and the computer itself. They connect to adiagnostic link, or test terminal, on the vehicle.

They measure voltages or computer signals,providing the technician with information aboutthe condition of numerous components and

circuits. Also called a diagnostic readout tool.

Glossary


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Sensor

A device that provides input to an automotive

computer. They can detect part movement,

temperature changes, pressure variance,

chemical content, part location, rotation speed,sounds, and other conditions.

Glossary


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Sound system

A system that includes many audio devices,

such as an AM-FM stereo, tape player,

compact disc player, satellite radio, or iPod.

Late-model vehicles may come equipped withexotic sound systems, which may include

numerous speakers, a power booster, and a

digital music storage device.

Glossary


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Stability control system

A system that uses a computer, steering

sensor, throttle sensor, speed sensor, yaw

sensor, and shock damping actuators to

control shock absorber stiffness.Starter solenoid

A solenoid thatenergizes the starting motor.

Glossary


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Starting motor

An electric motor that uses a gear drive to

crank (start) the engine. Also called a starter.

Starting system

A system that cranks the engine until theengine starts and runs on its own power.


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Glossary


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Voltage regulator

In a vehicle, it is a semiconductor device that

maintains an alternator output of approximately

13 to 15 volts.

Wiper/washer systemThe combination of the windshield washer and

wiper systems.

Automotive Electrical & Electronic Systems_ an Overview

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