Post on 12-Jan-2016
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Werner WeissAEE - Institute for Sustainable Technologies (AEE INTEC)A-8200 Gleisdorf, Feldgasse 19AUSTRIA
INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE HEATING AND COOLING
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Current Situation: Heating and Cooling
The majority of heat is currently produced in the EU from imported and polluting fossil fuels or from electricity largely generated by fossil fuels or nuclear power.
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
RENEWABLE HEATING AND COOLING
Solar thermal
Biomass
Geothermal
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
REHC - The sleeping Giant
Heat is the largest energy market in Europe, larger than electricity and transport.
Over 40% of the EU’s primary energy consumption is used for heating or cooling
• in buildings
• for domestic hot water supply
• for industrial process heat and
• for heat in the service sector
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
REHC - The sleeping Giant
Final Energy Demand in EU
Electricity20%
Transport31%
Heating and Cooling
49%
Source: EREC, 2006
Political Awareness ???
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Technologies – Solar Heating and Cooling
Solar Thermal Applications
Hot water preparation
Space Heating
Air conditioning and cooling
Industrial process heat
Sea water desalination
Temperature provided: 30 – 80 °C (-250°C)
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Development - European Solar Thermal Market24
0
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286 379
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491 586
641
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680 86
8 1.07
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814 99
1
1.11
0 1.46
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2.10
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So
lar
Th
erm
al H
eat P
ow
er in
MW
th
Market Data 2006 (est)
Newly installed: 2 100 MWth = 3.0 Mio m²
Totally installed: 13 300 MWth = 19.0 Mio m²
Dat
a: E
ST
IF, 2
006:
pre
limin
ary
Annually installed capacity in European Countries
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Achievements – Worldwide 2006
144
5.51.60.6
5.5
72
118
0
20
40
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140
S o lar T h erm al H eat W ind G eoth erm al P hotovo ltaic S o lar T h erm al Pow er
Tota l capacity in operation [GW ] 2006
Produced E n erg y [T W h] 2006
Total capacity in operation [G W ] , [ GW ] and produced energy [TW h ] , [ TW h ] 2006el th el th
160
po w erh eat
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Targets – Solar Thermal
Status now: 13 GW 19 Mill m² 0.04 m²/person 6.8 TWh2020 (ESTIF) 322 GW 460 Mill m² 1 m²/person 184 TWh2030 ambitious 966 GW 1,380 Mill m² 3 m²/person 552 TWh
Long term 2576 GW 3,680 Mill m² 8 m²/person 1472 TWh
Solar Share of the Total Heating and Cooling Demand (based on 2004):
2020 (ESTIF) 3%2030 ambitious 8 – 19% (energy conservation measures: 0 – 10%)Long term 23 - 50% (energy conservation measures: 0 – 40%)
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Converting Biomass into Heat, Electricity or Fuels
Source: IEA RETD
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Targets - Biomass
Unit 2000 2004 Target 2020Total Biomass Mtoe 53 72 220Biomass for heat Mtoe 39 48 120Biomass for electricity Mtoe 13 22 60Transport fuels Mtoe 1 2 40Bioelectricity TWh 40 68 180
Source: ACBION, 2007
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Technologies - Geothermal
Deep Geothermal
Concentrated along active tectonic plate boundaries where volcanic activity transports high temp. material near to the surface
Heat can be used for electricity generation as well as for direct heat use applications.
In Iceland 88% of all households use geothermal energy directly
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Deep Geothermal
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Technologies - Geothermal
Shallow Geothermal
Source: IEA RETD
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Technologies - Geothermal
Source: (EGEC, 2006)
Number of Geothermal heat pumps sold in Germany (units sold)
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Temperature is an indication of the ‘value’ of heat as classified by:
- high (over 250°C)
- medium (80°C - 250°C)
- low (below 80°C)
Merit order of REHC options
An exergetic view is needed if we want to
achieve
the EU 20% target of 20% RES by 2020
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
1. Energy efficiency and conservation options in buildings
2. Passive solar heating and cooling building designs
3. Solar thermal (space heating, DHW, cooling…)
4. Geothermal where sufficient resources exist
5. Geothermal heat pumps where possible, preferably powered by renewable electricity.
6. Biomass in integrated bioenergy systems for cogeneration of electricity and heat (CHP) where there is a heat demand (and also the tri-generation of cold).
7. Biomass combustion for heat only production.
Merit order of preference
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Renewable Obligations and Subsidies
• Obligations for new buildings
• Incentives for the building stock
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
REHC for a Sustainable Energy Future
Renewable heating and cooling can significantly contribute to:
• Security of energy supply in the EU
• Reducing CO2 emissions
• Reducing emissions that cause urban pollution
• Creating employment/wealth at a decentralised level
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Further Information
IEA Report: Renewables for Heating and Cooling
www.iea.org/Textbase/publications/index.asp
Joint Declaration: Renewable Heating and Cooling
www.estif.org
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
To reach the REHC targets, a quick reaction and adjustment to the situation is needed
RENEWABLE HEATING AND COOLING
Thank you for your attention