7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin

Werner WeissAEE - Institute for Sustainable Technologies (AEE INTEC)A-8200 Gleisdorf, Feldgasse 19AUSTRIA

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE HEATING AND COOLING

7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin

Current Situation: Heating and Cooling

The majority of heat is currently produced in the EU from imported and polluting fossil fuels or from electricity largely generated by fossil fuels or nuclear power.

7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin

RENEWABLE HEATING AND COOLING

Solar thermal

Biomass

Geothermal

7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin

REHC - The sleeping Giant

Heat is the largest energy market in Europe, larger than electricity and transport.

Over 40% of the EU’s primary energy consumption is used for heating or cooling

• in buildings

• for domestic hot water supply

• for industrial process heat and

• for heat in the service sector

7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin

REHC - The sleeping Giant

Final Energy Demand in EU

Electricity20%

Transport31%

Heating and Cooling

49%

Source: EREC, 2006

Political Awareness ???

7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin

Technologies – Solar Heating and Cooling

Solar Thermal Applications

Hot water preparation

Space Heating

Air conditioning and cooling

Industrial process heat

Sea water desalination

Temperature provided: 30 – 80 °C (-250°C)

7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin

Development - European Solar Thermal Market24

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So

lar

Th

erm

al H

eat P

ow

er in

MW

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Market Data 2006 (est)

Newly installed: 2 100 MWth = 3.0 Mio m²

Totally installed: 13 300 MWth = 19.0 Mio m²

Dat

a: E

ST

IF, 2

006:

pre

limin

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Annually installed capacity in European Countries

7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin

Achievements – Worldwide 2006

144

5.51.60.6

5.5

72

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S o lar T h erm al H eat W ind G eoth erm al P hotovo ltaic S o lar T h erm al Pow er

Tota l capacity in operation [GW ] 2006

Produced E n erg y [T W h] 2006

Total capacity in operation [G W ] , [ GW ] and produced energy [TW h ] , [ TW h ] 2006el th el th

160

po w erh eat

7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin

Targets – Solar Thermal

Status now: 13 GW 19 Mill m² 0.04 m²/person 6.8 TWh2020 (ESTIF) 322 GW 460 Mill m² 1 m²/person 184 TWh2030 ambitious 966 GW 1,380 Mill m² 3 m²/person 552 TWh

Long term 2576 GW 3,680 Mill m² 8 m²/person 1472 TWh

Solar Share of the Total Heating and Cooling Demand (based on 2004):

2020 (ESTIF) 3%2030 ambitious 8 – 19% (energy conservation measures: 0 – 10%)Long term 23 - 50% (energy conservation measures: 0 – 40%)

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Converting Biomass into Heat, Electricity or Fuels

Source: IEA RETD

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Targets - Biomass

Unit 2000 2004 Target 2020Total Biomass Mtoe 53 72 220Biomass for heat Mtoe 39 48 120Biomass for electricity Mtoe 13 22 60Transport fuels Mtoe 1 2 40Bioelectricity TWh 40 68 180

Source: ACBION, 2007

7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin

Technologies - Geothermal

Deep Geothermal

Concentrated along active tectonic plate boundaries where volcanic activity transports high temp. material near to the surface

Heat can be used for electricity generation as well as for direct heat use applications.

In Iceland 88% of all households use geothermal energy directly

7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin

Deep Geothermal

7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin

Technologies - Geothermal

Shallow Geothermal

Source: IEA RETD

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Technologies - Geothermal

Source: (EGEC, 2006)

Number of Geothermal heat pumps sold in Germany (units sold)

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Temperature is an indication of the ‘value’ of heat as classified by:

- high (over 250°C)

- medium (80°C - 250°C)

- low (below 80°C)

Merit order of REHC options

An exergetic view is needed if we want to

achieve

the EU 20% target of 20% RES by 2020

7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin

1. Energy efficiency and conservation options in buildings

2. Passive solar heating and cooling building designs

3. Solar thermal (space heating, DHW, cooling…)

4. Geothermal where sufficient resources exist

5. Geothermal heat pumps where possible, preferably powered by renewable electricity.

6. Biomass in integrated bioenergy systems for cogeneration of electricity and heat (CHP) where there is a heat demand (and also the tri-generation of cold).

7. Biomass combustion for heat only production.

Merit order of preference

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Renewable Obligations and Subsidies

• Obligations for new buildings

• Incentives for the building stock

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REHC for a Sustainable Energy Future

Renewable heating and cooling can significantly contribute to:

• Security of energy supply in the EU

• Reducing CO2 emissions

• Reducing emissions that cause urban pollution

• Creating employment/wealth at a decentralised level

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Further Information

IEA Report: Renewables for Heating and Cooling

www.iea.org/Textbase/publications/index.asp

Joint Declaration: Renewable Heating and Cooling

www.estif.org

7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin

To reach the REHC targets, a quick reaction and adjustment to the situation is needed

RENEWABLE HEATING AND COOLING

Thank you for your attention