4 (405829) - Mie University

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4 5 6 7(405829)

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[1]¯z¹`º ¨�yg�¬�`�»L¼ � ^�_�a}c¤eS[�hgi �O�@� j�l½\H°�±ShgiLjql u�¾ ±LhgiLjql �n�¿ [½À �S� °s±`hgiSj�l½\ÂÁª«sK>ÃLÄqÅDWsÄqE@cQ @KOV ��Ƭ| hoi ��J� jqlS[FÇ �S� »oÈ ? ¾ ±`hoi`j�l½\ÂÁ¤«qK>ÃLÄqÅkW>É � jSÊ �qÆLxysË ÀHÌ �L�Y� ?vÁª«sK>Ã>ÄsÅDWsÄqE@c� ½KOV �YÍ>ÎFwÐÏ hSi ���J� jlg[ÒÑÓP¬�Hjql ugÔz�ÐÕÓ� <o=@^�_�a¬ÄDÖ`׬W>ØgÙq¥ �bÚF� hoi`j�l �{FÛ`� ÑÜPs�bjglgW@Ý ���bÞLßopkm`nਠ?

45nm^g_�asÄO[@\b°o±>h`i>jl uzá�âgãdä [ mSng´J�suÜåJ�]æ¶�oyg�¬�`�

VSP�UÆS� h�iSjsl¬ç>èUWLéqêë\z°U±Sh�igjql �zì�´ë�sÔ W`[@Ç | ?ѶPq�ÓjSlq¯DçOè ´]�`�Su \�ízî wk�q�Y�s� [ �L�S� [F\

VSP�Qì喝y ?ÑQPU��jolqçkè �Óð é w ¦g§S[UÇ � ©JñOPgò`PoR@TDK�Vg¯�ógô ¨ ?¤õ>ö½?÷gø ¯�ù xY�s�k� WDúoê

VSPp`û ­g©@E`^�«`EsK�WDügýo[¬Ç �

LEA�Pþ ÿ �z{o�`y

6%WvÑ�PU��jolsçDèF¯������ �ouÓp íYî �q�

Abstract

In late years increase of the consumption electricity of the processor

becomes the problem in the field of the mobile computing, and low energy

consumed and high-performance coexistence are demanded. Therefore

the low energy consumed of the architecture level suggests number of

the variable pipeline steps architecture (VSP) changing the number of

the pipeline steps for motion as technique in this laboratory to meet this

demand.

Generally I can classify the electricity used with a processor roughly

into dynamic consumption electricity and static consumption electricity.

The dynamic consumption electricity is electricity used by the switching

of the transistor. On the other hand, the static consumption electricity

is caused by the leak electric current of the transistor and says the leak

electricity with electricity used regardless of the switching of the transis-

tor. In late years the ratios that the leak electricity in the consumption

electricity holds with tininess of the process technology increase, and it

is thought that I increase to dynamic consumption electricity and the

degree by the 45nm process.

The effect of the consumption electricity reduction by VSP is compared

with dynamic consumption electricity and cannot reduce leak electricity.

Therefore I applied Power Gating which was the technique that was effec-

tive for leak electricity reduction for VSP in this study and implemented

it and evaluated it. As a result, I was able to anticipate leak electricity

reduction of 6% at the LE mode that VSP was the state of the short

stage pipeline.

� �1 � 1

1.1 �� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 ������������������������ �!#"%$�& 2

2.1 ' � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.2©@E`^�«LEUK)( ß ¦g§

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.3 VSP (Variable Stages Pipeline) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2.3.1 LDS-cell��*g�Sy

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.3.2ÑQPU��jolqçkè�W%+ �`�

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3 ��,���-���!/.0��132�4�576 11

3.1~Sjol`¥`¦o§

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3.2©JñYPSòSP�R½TkK�V>W ' � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3.3©JñYPSòSP�R½TkK�Vzó�ô�8oW�97:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4 ��,���-���!/.0��1<;�=3>�?�@ 16

5 A�B�C�D 18

5.1 DFF E�F [qW ÷Sø . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5.2 VSP G�F [�W ÷Sø . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5.3Ñ�PU��jolsçDè�H�W '�I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

6 J�KML�KON�PQ>�R�S 21

6.1ä�u��

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

6.2 T�U W7V t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21W�X23Y�Z�[7\24

i

] � �2.1 ^ ­g©@E`^q«LEsK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.2û ­g©@E`^q«LEsK

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.3 DFF+MUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2.4 VSP^o_za}c¤e

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.5 LDS-cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.6VdÑSc� 0_�`UW%a�b

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.7©JñYPSòSP�R½TkK�V>W ' � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4.8©@E`^�«LEUKq¢�ÃkÄ�Å�[�WYóoô�cgX

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4.9 LDS-cell[�WDóoô�cSX

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

ii

d � �3.1 e�f W�g �¬w ~ohSiLj�l`¥`¦g§ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

5.2 DFF E�F ÷gø úoê . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5.3©JñYPSòSP�R½TkK�Vzó�ô ÁB«�KkÃ>Ä�ÅH®

. . . . . . . . . . 20

iii

1 h i1.1 jlk<>=@?BADCFEHGJILK>MONQPSRUTHKHVDWYXLZL[]\D^`_badcfegWDhLikjSlgW

monqpsrDtvuOwUxzyg{}| ?Q~�hoio�F�YGq�oP u��L�o� WL�g� p`�o�J�Y�y`�s�>���s� []? � W �>�]�Q�]�`���`�H�L�S�L� []\k�OP>�SRo�� S¡o¢¤£GqW>~qhgio�F�YGs�gP>¥g¦o§ uq¨�y ?ª©JES^s«`E¬K�­o®J¯O°s± ��²s³`´��µ>² ©]EL^o«>EqK¶­S®]�YP`�gR��O �¡�·

VSP;Variable Stages Pipeline ¸[1]¯z¹`º ¨�yg�¬�`�»L¼ � ^�_�a}c¤eS[�hgi �O�@� j�l½\H°�±ShgiLjql u�¾ ±LhgiLjql �

n�¿ [½À �S� °s±`hgiSj�l½\ÂÁª«sK>ÃLÄqÅDWsÄqE@cQ @KOV ��Ƭ| hoi ��J� jqlS[FÇ �S� »oÈ ? ¾ ±`hoi`j�l½\ÂÁ¤«qK>ÃLÄqÅkW>É � jSÊ �qÆLxysË ÀHÌ �L�Y� ?vÁª«sK>Ã>ÄsÅDWsÄqE@c� ½KOV �YÍ>ÎFwÐÏ hSi ���J� jlg[ÒÑÓP¬�Hjql ugÔz�ÐÕÓ� <o=@^�_�a¬ÄDÖ`׬W>ØgÙq¥ �bÚF� hoi`j�l �{FÛ`� ÑÜPs�bjglgW@Ý ���bÞLßopkm`nਠ?

45nm^g_�asÄO[@\b°o±>h`i>j

l uzá�âgãdä [ mSng´J�suÜåJ�]æ¶�oyg�¬�`�VSP

�UÆS� h�iSjsl¬ç>èUWLéqêë\z°U±Sh�igjql �zì�´ë�sÔ W`[@Ç | ?ѶPq�ÓjSlq¯DçOè ´]�`�Su \�ízî wk�q�Y�s� [ �L�S� [F\

VSP�Qì喝y ?

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D-FFMUX

D-FF

bypassing D-FF

output fromprevious stage

pipeline register

input tonext stage

pipeline stagecontrol signal

`2.3: DFF+MUX

2.3 VSP (Variable Stages Pipeline)

a�b+c)d e�f�gihOj)k�lVSP m�n PSU o�p9q�r1sut�v<w txzy){!|9}

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6

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G

ALU ALU ALU ALUD

cacheREG

IR

code

O1

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R d

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R d

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R_Rd E1_Rd E2_Rd E3_Rd E4_Rd M_Rd W_Rd

I I I I I I I

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bypass

R L

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High Speed mode 9 stages pipeline processor

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bypass

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I_ADDRESS

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MDU MDU MDUMDU

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output fromprevious stage

input tonext stage

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Function as D-latch

Path on LowEnergy Mode

�2.5: LDS-cell

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8

output fromprevious stage

input tonext stage

D-FF

clock signal

glitch

Prevent glitch propagationby D-latch

High Speed (HS)Mode

Low Energy (LE)Mode

2cycles/2stages

1cycle/stage

1clock period 1clock period

Stage N

Function as D-FF

Function as D-latch

First halfclock period

Second haldclock period

LDS-cell

Stage N+1

Stage N

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9

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13

Circuit block

VDD Line

Ground Line

Virtual Ground Line

control signal

Isorationcell

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����� � ��� ] )]E���"e7x>� ÝrWI�d�7FS���)R> �¡)J ¢`,#£)Q�g�`PS ¤ OFF � C ��É üdB6�R���/¥á����À�¦�Å�Ô7Õ §)Ç ¨�©D�Eª�Ï"§$Ç��« $��u¬2­ ��É�üD?/� PMOS, NMOS ¤ ® C � ON � « ¯�°�±�²E³N´/µ]¶

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14

���2¬�Ë>� MUX ÌR�ÎÍ Ï ± ��ª�Ð�§ Ñ6�2Ò ÓR�ÔbÕ'ÖE×>¤�Ø6£ ´Eµ�ÙÚ�Û Í�Ï[à ¶ £2È�É�Ü Isoration cell Ý)Þ>ß ¶RàIá6â�ã%ä#å�æ�ç>Ù"è é Ûê « ¤@£ ´² Æ à PS ë OFF

Û#ì £ µ Ý)í�È/É[Êdî@ï�ð ñ Ù §6ò ó-Ü#ô À «-õNà

DFF ö Latch Ì í�÷�ø ±�° ù Æ ñÎú�ÜIû�ü�à ¶ °Ä±/²D³N´/Å2Ù Æ Ç#÷�øñ/úRë#ý þ ±]°�ÿ ¿ Æ ù���� Û Ü����������� ������DÝ�Þ>ß ¶������� § Ñ Ù���� �������Îí����à ¶�� ÷ ø �!dë�"# ±%$�Ådµ ¹�÷ ødñ#úë'&�( ì � Ö>×�)6Ø õ�à µ4¶+*�² Æ áDâ�ã%äÎå�æÎç>Ù"è é Û ê « ) �´

15

4, - . / . 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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à

(2) LDS-cell ñ Ù Slave Latchà

ídØ õ�à�ÅN\F]�\ Fig4.8à

Fig4.9ÙN^_�`a )�bdc ì �e

<f= Ù�g`õ�à IdRfT � R���V � Û " ù�� I[RfT � R�� ����U��Ü DFF hMUX

Ù ��� Ûfidjlk ÿ`õ�à HS m â�ã Ú Ü DFF ÝFn k à LE m â�ã Ú ÜDFF ëloSR'Id�pnq<[�� â ��rts Ù�u�v ë Å"Ù�ww Òyx ��zF{ ÛQ|U}�ì��e�w Æ LDS-cell

*f~f� ÛDFF h MUX

Ù ���d��) à o+R�I�� ì ��GH )�� i õ�à HS m â�ã Ú Ü�ISRUT � R��� l�N����Ý ~�� Û DFF ÝFn k àLE m â�ã Ú6Û Ü Slave Latch ë'o�RQI[�yn Master Latch

Ù��gy��� Ý~íD-Latch ÝFn k�|}�ì �e LE m â�ã Ú à |} )U��×bÝ i õ oyR'Id�>à \����\ s (1), (2)

Ù È4É Û�� n�ISJ â L â ��M��lO ë�P�" ì ��� Ý~í�� âð'� v Ù��f� ë�� �d�Ue�)Ùf�� Û z6õ ISJ â L â ��M��lO ë�P�"�n]Æ ���[à (1), (2)

Ù È4É Ù��� Û Ü%��� MUX )���� j%k ù�� ÆÇ��DÆ Û Isoration cell ëIÍ�Ï ì � Ö

16

DFF

save_power

MUX input tonext stage

output fromprevious stage

path on HS mode (DFF)

path on LE mode

�4.8: ISRT � R��� ��N�F��í Ù P�" `a

Latch(Master)

Latch(Slave)

save_power

MUX input tonext stage

output fromprevious stage

path on HS mode (DFF)

path on LE mode (D-Latch)

�4.9: LDS-cell í Ù P�" `a

×RÜ i ù�ew Æ LE m â�ã r�s HS m â�ã������ Ú6Û àQD < Ù � ë4ýþ�nk ù[� Ö ×RÜ i ù�Ù í à�� ÈQ��Æ Û ÍÏ ì ��*IÙ Ü PS

Ù� Ý i õ�à áEâã~äÎå�æ���  è é>Ù�¡�â o â�¢ ï ã ë ¾F£@Û � s ì � ÝY) u�¤p�Ue

17

5 ¥ ¦ § ¨5.1 DFF ©«ª­¬¯®±°«²È#ɱ[³N´[ â � HSPICE ë�" ù k à DFF µF¶>í Ù Á>Â� v�·F¸ ë

¹ j Æ eÎÅ2ÙNº�» ë Table5.2ÛY¼ ì eW½ C Ù All Ü'¾�¿�À i DFF

Ù­� OÁ�Â Ý ù � \���� O Á� 10%

ÙfÃUÄ ë4Ï v Ý�n kfÅ x�Æ Ú Ù�à Leak Ü]Ïv�ÃFÄ ë Å x�ÆÇ� â ðl� v6ÙF� ë�È�É«n4Æ Ú Ù[à Apply Ü PS ë�P�"«nAll Ý ~'�>Ù�Ã�Ä ë)Ï v Ý�n k�Å x#Æ Ú Ù Á�Âf� v í6Ø �Ne��]Ù�º»+zEõ�àÊ ÁÂ�� v Ù ñlË 45% )t� â ð�� v íDØ ��� Ý%)���r �à�w Æ à PS ë�P" ì ��� Ý Û zDõNÅ2Ù � â ðQ� v Ù 98% ) �f� à \@à IyJ â L â �+M��O>ëQP�" ì �F� Ý ÙfÌ "�Í@ë ¼ ì � ÝY) u�¤ Æ e

½5.2: DFF µ�¶ ·¸�º�»

Á Â�� v (W) AllÛQ��ì �QÎU�

(%)

All 2.559 ×10−6 -

Leak 1.176 ×10−6 45

Apply 2.467 ×10−8 0.95

5.2 VSP Ï«ª­¬¯®±°«²180nm T�îYÐF�4í�Ñ�ÒDà \ Æ VSP ë à � â ð%� v )fÓNÔ Û ½�\�� 45nm

T>î'Ð[� Û �´��f�"ð�nIÆ { x4í à IyJ â L â �SM���O ëQP�"�n VSPÊ

¶ í Ù�·¸ ë ¹ j Æ e µ�¶ Ù�·¸ Û " ù Æ HSPICE ÜQÕÖ i ·�¸ ë ¹ {18

× )�íSØ � ) à VSPÙyz�{ i�Ù�Ú�Û�ÜÝ Ù È�É í[Ü'ÒUÞ ç )�ßà Ûfi õ

á[â À i�Ú Ð2íK[³f´[ â S�l�')�ã��äs i ù Ý ùt{�>�? )DØ ��eQå�Ùæç

VSPÊ ¶í ÙN·U¸ Û Ü z6õ��Nè i�é'ê F³l´F â �4íDØ � Nanosim

ë�" ù æ e ÙUëì Ù ��� � IS� â �/ël" ù k �³�´� â ��'��n æ º�»RàIpJ â L â �pMN��O�PF" � * ÕFí Û'|�} n k ùd�F� Ý#ë�Öî u�¤ æ e nrtn à Nanosim Ü ��è Û �³�´� â ��'� u�¤+�Qï��RàWå2ÙNð�ñ Ü�òôó àõ�Û � â ðQ� v ë�ÈUÉ ì ��� ÝY) u�¤ Æ à VSP

Ê ¶�í Ù � vU·¸Uº�» )ö s \ i r j æ e

5.3 ÷dø�ù�úôû«ü�ýÿþ ® ���

<U= ÙNg õNà élê �³�´� â �ël" ù k VSPÊ ¶ Ù � vU·¸ ë ¹ {f�

Ý�Ü uf¤ i r j æ e n%r±n à � â ð'� v Ü �q� ������� Ù�Û���� n k��� \�� æ�ç à

VSPÊ ¶ Û ÿ �� I+J â L â �pMN��O ëQPF"�n æ élê Ù

�q� ������� Ù�Û z��'Î�� ë�" ù k�� Þ ì �F� Ý�) uf¤K�Ue Table5.3Û

¼>ì z�{ Û à � é IyJ â L â �yMf��O ëQP�"än æ DFF Ü 1001 � à Slave

Latch Ü 507 � àp� � �f�f��� Ù[Û��2ì Ý � Ò�í 34112 ��� i ��eN��\��VSP

Ê ¶�� � � �f�f��� Ù í�� � 518314 ��� 6.58% �Yb[c ì ��e µ¶ ·¸ í�Ö�î±n æ z�{ ��� I�J�� L ��[M'�'O�ë%P" ì � × í å � éQê �K���

19

ð�� v �fË 98% !� å ��"# %$�&Y) ��� \���eFz j�k VSPÊ ¶' �n k

�LE m��)(+*���Ë 6% �t�,�.-Q� v��f� /�0�1.2 × ) u�¤43Uew æ

LE m��5(76 � HS m��5(8� 1/4 �:9 à ٠6 |U}�; 3 æç � | À � � v+* 1/4 i 3�e���\ � z=< LE m��5(>*?� �� � v ��@ ��3.A �=-� v � Î�B�C�D ó i < � �� � v Ê ¶�r�s 0 æ �n k�E Ë 4% F ñ �f� v�N��G�»�/�0H1.2d� C�u�¤43 %Idx 3Ue

½5.3: IyJJ� L ��K+M:L�OlP�MONQP#L:R:S�T ÙP�M L �UN Ù L �VN�WYXH�VNZP�L:R:S�T Ù P�MONQP�L:R?S�T Ù

DFF 1001 28 28028

Slave Latch 507 12 6084B Ò 34112

20

6 [ \ ] \_^ ` a b c6.1 d)e'fg�hji 6 � � A �=-lkjm�nJo���pHq�� VSP r?s�tu��v��jK wJL�x /ly

M±nzp�{8|H}�� VSP ~H��6H�!�:�����?� /����u� J�������J�#�lp C��Y��.�?s4t!�jv���K�w?Lux!� y M�� VSP ���j�än � LE �#���Q*�� A �.-k�m���@�I��?� 6% Fj�#��n!o � 0�  E 3�¡�C �u��p={6.2 ¢5£¥¤§¦)¨

VSP 6�� LE �=���Q©.� �,ª�« s�t:�jv���K�w:LJx�� y Män�pJs�¬H­PH¬�L�®uR?S=T � LDS-cell ¯�°�6.�²±´³�µj¶H·H¸ E�¹�º ��»#¼�½�¾#��I¿ {z³jµ�¶�·�¸�� VSP �!� 33% �=À�q ¿�Á�ÂÄà �5�´Å�Æ�Ç�ÈjÉ:Ê�Ëu̲±s�tJ�HvH��Í4w:Î�x y�Ï ��Ð�Ñ+Ê�Ë?�4Ò,��Ó%k�m#n!o�Ôj}�É�Õ�Ö�q ¿ {n´�pn � ³Hµ?¶?·:¸�×�Ø�Ù �z³Hµ��u|H}=�lÚ�Û²��n´�!Ü�Ýtn��:Þ�Ñ �zß

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Ò!ú��î³�µ?¶?·?¸�ûH�Jü�ý#��þz���zÿ��Jp���Ù ß ���:Ø �zs t��?v��HÍ�wÎJx�� y�Ï�� p²Ñ � PS É OFF ����Ù�þJ×Jà�� ����Ù�Ë ¿ Ü�Ý���� �Ï Ì�p!s�t!��vj�#Í�w:Îux�� y#Ï û � á�â ����� � p.ç�ç�Òz��Ó�k#m��n:oHó ¿ � �lÉ ª�� �������� ¿ {

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23

Q R S T

[1] UBVXW�Y � "�#Z% '( �\[�]_^ 2 �a`�bdc!ej� /�0f12 � “ gBh?s�¬­�i?¬#Îu� Ï Ìjp�ñ�j6kHÆ.l m�n���­�oqp�ú=rj��s F �Ä�H� “, é êt�u�vBw�x�yBz {}| Î�~&�Ä��Í�wlÎ%x��&�?ÍB��� , Vol.47, pp.231–242,

2006 � 5 � .

[2] Jun YAO, Shinobu MIWA, Hajime SHIMADA, Members, and Shinji

TOMITA, “A Dynamic Control Mechanism for Pipeline Stage Uni-

fication by Identifying Program Phases“, IEICE TRANS. INF. &

SYST., Vol. E91-D, pp.1010-1022, APRIL 2008

[3]]�� �6�4���@� 1 e=�q�!� c W ������� Ê �q� "�Õ ��� � ý��V ��� �&�6�L���&� 4 �!� � “ i�ÎB�H¬�����J�Hvj��Í�w!Î�x�� yÏ��q #« ¡ Ù#�¢�£6¤�¥ �P¦!§HÕ   þ.ÑZ¨�©=��ª�« “

� ¦��Hé ê t¬6­ v�w6®¯�°�± ê�² {³| Î6~��%�!��� ��Í���� ,Vol.107, pp.37–42,

2008 � 1 � .

[4]�´� 1 e��µ���¶c W �P�L�·� Ê �&]��¸����µ� "jÕ ��� � ý��6V��� �Z��.���¹� 4¶��� � “ i�Î���¬B�º�$�u�6»��Hͽ¼�Î�¾��À¿ ÏÁ� 

MIPS R3000 ­�o�p úÂr�Ã�Ä�Å�s FÇÆ@È�É “ ÊÀ¦��Hé ê t ¬�­ v24

w�®6¯!°�± ê�² {Ë| Î�~��ºÌL�.�B�jÍ���� ,Vol.107, pp.43–48, 2008

� 1 � .

25