4 (405829) - Mie University
Transcript of 4 (405829) - Mie University
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Abstract
In late years increase of the consumption electricity of the processor
becomes the problem in the field of the mobile computing, and low energy
consumed and high-performance coexistence are demanded. Therefore
the low energy consumed of the architecture level suggests number of
the variable pipeline steps architecture (VSP) changing the number of
the pipeline steps for motion as technique in this laboratory to meet this
demand.
Generally I can classify the electricity used with a processor roughly
into dynamic consumption electricity and static consumption electricity.
The dynamic consumption electricity is electricity used by the switching
of the transistor. On the other hand, the static consumption electricity
is caused by the leak electric current of the transistor and says the leak
electricity with electricity used regardless of the switching of the transis-
tor. In late years the ratios that the leak electricity in the consumption
electricity holds with tininess of the process technology increase, and it
is thought that I increase to dynamic consumption electricity and the
degree by the 45nm process.
The effect of the consumption electricity reduction by VSP is compared
with dynamic consumption electricity and cannot reduce leak electricity.
Therefore I applied Power Gating which was the technique that was effec-
tive for leak electricity reduction for VSP in this study and implemented
it and evaluated it. As a result, I was able to anticipate leak electricity
reduction of 6% at the LE mode that VSP was the state of the short
stage pipeline.
� �1 � 1
1.1 �� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 ������������������������ �!#"%$�& 2
2.1 ' � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.2©@E`^�«LEUK)( ß ¦g§
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.3 VSP (Variable Stages Pipeline) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3.1 LDS-cell��*g�Sy
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3.2ÑQPU��jolqçkè�W%+ �`�
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3 ��,���-���!/.0��132�4�576 11
3.1~Sjol`¥`¦o§
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2©JñYPSòSP�R½TkK�V>W ' � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.3©JñYPSòSP�R½TkK�Vzó�ô�8oW�97:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4 ��,���-���!/.0��1<;�=3>�?�@ 16
5 A�B�C�D 18
5.1 DFF E�F [qW ÷Sø . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.2 VSP G�F [�W ÷Sø . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.3Ñ�PU��jolsçDè�H�W '�I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6 J�KML�KON�PQ>�R�S 21
6.1ä�u��
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6.2 T�U W7V t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21W�X23Y�Z�[7\24
i
] � �2.1 ^ g©@E`^q«LEsK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2û g©@E`^q«LEsK
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.3 DFF+MUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.4 VSP^o_za}c¤e
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.5 LDS-cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.6VdÑSc� 0_�`UW%a�b
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.7©JñYPSòSP�R½TkK�V>W ' � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.8©@E`^�«LEUKq¢�ÃkÄ�Å�[�WYóoô�cgX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.9 LDS-cell[�WDóoô�cSX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
ii
d � �3.1 e�f W�g �¬w ~ohSiLj�l`¥`¦g§ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.2 DFF E�F ÷gø úoê . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.3©JñYPSòSP�R½TkK�Vzó�ô ÁB«�KkÃ>Ä�ÅH®
. . . . . . . . . . 20
iii
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P = CV 2fN + QV fN + IV + etc
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12
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�d� ]��]��6�)e�xb�7Å�É�ü)!�"�#5+^�fB�D7?�Æ�þ�ÿb2]f �,¡$�tÙ \�]-�?)1�2�@7A P G^k�lÙ�è�G�Q^?�Æ$þ�ÿ�!"UV�Å�&'?�Æ (VDD) g ¦�Å7xg e[Î (Ground) ��& �R� ]�] �@�#e:x)2Ih)ì P G�ÉXüDB�.K/�-��^!)Ï+ûà g e2i2j6k$2#l)0 P G4(Ù)ÝCW^Q�¡:!y���:ì�F �d_�Gûà g e�i2j6kÅ �R� ] jÈ,/�z��ImÊ7_,&)P n)! CMOS +�×�o)D�6�8�ÅNpKF�J�Ô�Õ�?Ç)J��$F5�EF[W'q�Þb2Ir �KQ�¡�!�q�Þ�+)UE$ PS J OFF ! C ! PS s%t)!\']K-�?)1[c'�r�u&��$G)¡)�EJÀ�Á[G�Q Fig 3.7 + PS �B'D NMOS 2XìF)D�ÝrW footer vK! ��� ] ]>���2e x�!�}�~�2�w P Q ��� ]>jKÈ�/dzJ ON !�x���+�Å�&�ÉXüDB�.b/�-�!x g e[Îzy { ( ¼E|�&~}�:bx g e[Î��
13
Circuit block
VDD Line
Ground Line
Virtual Ground Line
control signal
Isorationcell
w3.7:
�[� ]�$]>���"e�x2�2� �(Virtual Ground) �Im�� ) J�x g e[Î^�X��?���+7��$^ÉXüDB�.�/^-$Å]P n��6�8b2:ÝSW�Jd�7\']K-�?)15Å�=�>,;:_�e[ZXDyB�gKWdQ���� �R� ] jÈ�/z�J OFF ��x��[�%}�:bx g e[Î���Å7x g e[Î Rf���Q$��5;:_d�N}�:bx gefÎ��X? +�J�yg$��DFS�N�7T��"���5É üdB6�R����?���? ���KJ��[;���b$��,\d]D�X?1)J�@�A�;�_5G�Q
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����� � ��� ] )]E���"e7x>� ÝrWI�d�7FS���)R> �¡)J ¢`,#£)Q�g�`PS ¤ OFF � C ��É üdB6�R���/¥á����À�¦�Å�Ô7Õ §)Ç ¨�©D�Eª�Ï"§$Ç��« $��u¬2 ��É�üD?/� PMOS, NMOS ¤ ® C � ON � « ¯�°�±�²E³N´/µ]¶
�6·�$ VDD ¥-¸ Ground ¹>º2»)Ð ¶ °-±�²�³ §$Ðb��¼ P §$ÐD¤�½E¢ ± �¾�¿RÀ § ¦ ¤�Á�Â@à ¶ °Ä±/²D³N´�Å �>Æ ÇE� Fig 3.7 ��· ³ �2È�ÉdÊE�@�
14
���2¬�Ë>� MUX ÌR�ÎÍ Ï ± ��ª�Ð�§ Ñ6�2Ò ÓR�ÔbÕ'ÖE×>¤�Ø6£ ´Eµ�ÙÚ�Û Í�Ï[à ¶ £2È�É�Ü Isoration cell Ý)Þ>ß ¶RàIá6â�ã%ä#å�æ�ç>Ù"è é Ûê « ¤@£ ´² Æ à PS ë OFF
Û#ì £ µ Ý)í�È/É[Êdî@ï�ð ñ Ù §6ò ó-Ü#ô À «-õNà
DFF ö Latch Ì í�÷�ø ±�° ù Æ ñÎú�ÜIû�ü�à ¶ °Ä±/²D³N´/Å2Ù Æ Ç#÷�øñ/úRë#ý þ ±]°�ÿ ¿ Æ ù���� Û Ü����������� ������DÝ�Þ>ß ¶������� § Ñ Ù���� �������Îí����à ¶�� ÷ ø �!dë�"# ±%$�Ådµ ¹�÷ ødñ#úë'&�( ì � Ö>×�)6Ø õ�à µ4¶+*�² Æ áDâ�ã%äÎå�æÎç>Ù"è é Û ê « ) �´
15
4, - . / . 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9�:�; í�Ü�<�= Ù�>�? ë�@�A ± Æ�B í VSP C Ù�DFEEÙG�H ¹IKJ âL â �+MN��O>ëQP�" ì ��´#Å�Ù P�" G�H Ü(1) ISRUT � R��WV � Ú�ÛYX�Z�ì � ISRUT � R[�� ��N�F� (DFF)
à
(2) LDS-cell ñ Ù Slave Latchà
ídØ õ�à�ÅN\F]�\ Fig4.8à
Fig4.9ÙN^_�`a )�bdc ì �e
<f= Ù�g`õ�à IdRfT � R���V � Û " ù�� I[RfT � R�� ����U��Ü DFF hMUX
Ù ��� Ûfidjlk ÿ`õ�à HS m â�ã Ú Ü DFF ÝFn k à LE m â�ã Ú ÜDFF ëloSR'Id�pnq<[�� â ��rts Ù�u�v ë Å"Ù�ww Òyx ��zF{ ÛQ|U}�ì��e�w Æ LDS-cell
*f~f� ÛDFF h MUX
Ù ���d��) à o+R�I�� ì ��GH )�� i õ�à HS m â�ã Ú Ü�ISRUT � R��� l�N����Ý ~�� Û DFF ÝFn k àLE m â�ã Ú6Û Ü Slave Latch ë'o�RQI[�yn Master Latch
Ù��gy��� Ý~íD-Latch ÝFn k�|}�ì �e LE m â�ã Ú à |} )U��×bÝ i õ oyR'Id�>à \����\ s (1), (2)
Ù È4É Û�� n�ISJ â L â ��M��lO ë�P�" ì ��� Ý~í�� âð'� v Ù��f� ë�� �d�Ue�)Ùf�� Û z6õ ISJ â L â ��M��lO ë�P�"�n]Æ ���[à (1), (2)
Ù È4É Ù��� Û Ü%��� MUX )���� j%k ù�� ÆÇ��DÆ Û Isoration cell ëIÍ�Ï ì � Ö
16
DFF
save_power
MUX input tonext stage
output fromprevious stage
path on HS mode (DFF)
path on LE mode
�4.8: ISRT � R��� ��N�F��í Ù P�" `a
Latch(Master)
Latch(Slave)
save_power
MUX input tonext stage
output fromprevious stage
path on HS mode (DFF)
path on LE mode (D-Latch)
�4.9: LDS-cell í Ù P�" `a
×RÜ i ù�ew Æ LE m â�ã r�s HS m â�ã������ Ú6Û àQD < Ù � ë4ýþ�nk ù[� Ö ×RÜ i ù�Ù í à�� ÈQ��Æ Û ÍÏ ì ��*IÙ Ü PS
Ù� Ý i õ�à áEâã~äÎå�æ��� è é>Ù�¡�â o â�¢ ï ã ë ¾F£@Û � s ì � ÝY) u�¤p�Ue
17
5 ¥ ¦ § ¨5.1 DFF ©«ª¬¯®±°«²È#ɱ[³N´[ â � HSPICE ë�" ù k à DFF µF¶>í Ù Á>Â� v�·F¸ ë
¹ j Æ eÎÅ2ÙNº�» ë Table5.2ÛY¼ ì eW½ C Ù All Ü'¾�¿�À i DFF
Ù� OÁ�Â Ý ù � \���� O Á� 10%
ÙfÃUÄ ë4Ï v Ý�n kfÅ x�Æ Ú Ù�à Leak Ü]Ïv�ÃFÄ ë Å x�ÆÇ� â ðl� v6ÙF� ë�È�É«n4Æ Ú Ù[à Apply Ü PS ë�P�"«nAll Ý ~'�>Ù�Ã�Ä ë)Ï v Ý�n k�Å x#Æ Ú Ù Á�Âf� v í6Ø �Ne��]Ù�º»+zEõ�àÊ ÁÂ�� v Ù ñlË 45% )t� â ð�� v íDØ ��� Ý%)���r �à�w Æ à PS ë�P" ì ��� Ý Û zDõNÅ2Ù � â ðQ� v Ù 98% ) �f� à \@à IyJ â L â �+M��O>ëQP�" ì �F� Ý ÙfÌ "�Í@ë ¼ ì � ÝY) u�¤ Æ e
½5.2: DFF µ�¶ ·¸�º�»
Á Â�� v (W) AllÛQ��ì �QÎU�
(%)
All 2.559 ×10−6 -
Leak 1.176 ×10−6 45
Apply 2.467 ×10−8 0.95
5.2 VSP Ï«ª¬¯®±°«²180nm T�îYÐF�4í�Ñ�ÒDà \ Æ VSP ë à � â ð%� v )fÓNÔ Û ½�\�� 45nm
T>î'Ð[� Û �´��f�"ð�nIÆ { x4í à IyJ â L â �SM���O ëQP�"�n VSPÊ
¶ í Ù�·¸ ë ¹ j Æ e µ�¶ Ù�·¸ Û " ù Æ HSPICE ÜQÕÖ i ·�¸ ë ¹ {18
× )�íSØ � ) à VSPÙyz�{ i�Ù�Ú�Û�ÜÝ Ù È�É í[Ü'ÒUÞ ç )�ßà Ûfi õ
á[â À i�Ú Ð2íK[³f´[ â S�l�')�ã��äs i ù Ý ùt{�>�? )DØ ��eQå�Ùæç
VSPÊ ¶í ÙN·U¸ Û Ü z6õ��Nè i�é'ê F³l´F â �4íDØ � Nanosim
ë�" ù æ e ÙUëì Ù ��� � IS� â �/ël" ù k �³�´� â ��'��n æ º�»RàIpJ â L â �pMN��O�PF" � * ÕFí Û'|�} n k ùd�F� Ý#ë�Öî u�¤ æ e nrtn à Nanosim Ü ��è Û �³�´� â ��'� u�¤+�Qï��RàWå2ÙNð�ñ Ü�òôó àõ�Û � â ðQ� v ë�ÈUÉ ì ��� ÝY) u�¤ Æ à VSP
Ê ¶�í Ù � vU·¸Uº�» )ö s \ i r j æ e
5.3 ÷dø�ù�úôû«ü�ýÿþ ® ���
<U= ÙNg õNà élê �³�´� â �ël" ù k VSPÊ ¶ Ù � vU·¸ ë ¹ {f�
Ý�Ü uf¤ i r j æ e n%r±n à � â ð'� v Ü �q� ������� Ù�Û���� n k��� \�� æ�ç à
VSPÊ ¶ Û ÿ �� I+J â L â �pMN��O ëQPF"�n æ élê Ù
�q� ������� Ù�Û z��'Î�� ë�" ù k�� Þ ì �F� Ý�) uf¤K�Ue Table5.3Û
¼>ì z�{ Û à � é IyJ â L â �yMf��O ëQP�"än æ DFF Ü 1001 � à Slave
Latch Ü 507 � àp� � �f�f��� Ù[Û��2ì Ý � Ò�í 34112 ��� i ��eN��\��VSP
Ê ¶�� � � �f�f��� Ù í�� � 518314 ��� 6.58% �Yb[c ì ��e µ¶ ·¸ í�Ö�î±n æ z�{ ��� I�J�� L ��[M'�'O�ë%P" ì � × í å � éQê �K���
19
ð�� v �fË 98% !� å ��"# %$�&Y) ��� \���eFz j�k VSPÊ ¶' �n k
�LE m��)(+*���Ë 6% �t�,�.-Q� v��f� /�0�1.2 × ) u�¤43Uew æ
LE m��5(76 � HS m��5(8� 1/4 �:9 à ٠6 |U}�; 3 æç � | À � � v+* 1/4 i 3�e���\ � z=< LE m��5(>*?� �� � v ��@ ��3.A �=-� v � Î�B�C�D ó i < � �� � v Ê ¶�r�s 0 æ �n k�E Ë 4% F ñ �f� v�N��G�»�/�0H1.2d� C�u�¤43 %Idx 3Ue
½5.3: IyJJ� L ��K+M:L�OlP�MONQP#L:R:S�T ÙP�M L �UN Ù L �VN�WYXH�VNZP�L:R:S�T Ù P�MONQP�L:R?S�T Ù
DFF 1001 28 28028
Slave Latch 507 12 6084B Ò 34112
20
6 [ \ ] \_^ ` a b c6.1 d)e'fg�hji 6 � � A �=-lkjm�nJo���pHq�� VSP r?s�tu��v��jK wJL�x /ly
M±nzp�{8|H}�� VSP ~H��6H�!�:�����?� /����u� J�������J�#�lp C��Y��.�?s4t!�jv���K�w?Lux!� y M�� VSP ���j�än � LE �#���Q*�� A �.-k�m���@�I��?� 6% Fj�#��n!o � 0� E 3�¡�C �u��p={6.2 ¢5£¥¤§¦)¨
VSP 6�� LE �=���Q©.� �,ª�« s�t:�jv���K�w:LJx�� y Män�pJs�¬HPH¬�L�®uR?S=T � LDS-cell ¯�°�6.�²±´³�µj¶H·H¸ E�¹�º ��»#¼�½�¾#��I¿ {z³jµ�¶�·�¸�� VSP �!� 33% �=À�q ¿�Á�ÂÄà �5�´Å�Æ�Ç�ÈjÉ:Ê�Ëu̲±s�tJ�HvH��Í4w:Î�x y�Ï ��Ð�Ñ+Ê�Ë?�4Ò,��Ó%k�m#n!o�Ôj}�É�Õ�Ö�q ¿ {n´�pn � ³Hµ?¶?·:¸�×�Ø�Ù �z³Hµ��u|H}=�lÚ�Û²��n´�!Ü�Ýtn��:Þ�Ñ �zß
��×uà=É�³�µj¶H·=�?á�â4�%Ê4Ë�±+ã�ä�n,��Ì ¿ {%pH¯:åjæ'�%s4t!�jv��Í�w�Î�xj� yjÏ nÄ�Knuç � � LE ���5�>©=� ß!è ç�Ù�Ü�ݱn��HÌ�p�Ú�ÛHéê É!ë�ì�½ è �Knuç � pHq � HS ���5�îí�ï�©=��Ê�Ë ±ðáHâjÉ:ñ�ò?ó ¿ Þß?è É=ô ¿ {ß ��p�q �,õ�ö VSP Ùj÷ Ï n��#Ì ¿ gshare ø���³=µj¶�·�¸�� à ¬Hù
21
Ò!ú��î³�µ?¶?·?¸�ûH�Jü�ý#��þz���zÿ��Jp���Ù ß ���:Ø �zs t��?v��HÍ�wÎJx�� y�Ï�� p²Ñ � PS É OFF ����Ù�þJ×Jà�� ����Ù�Ë ¿ Ü�Ý���� �Ï Ì�p!s�t!��vj�#Í�w:Îux�� y#Ï û � á�â ����� � p.ç�ç�Òz��Ó�k#m��n:oHó ¿ � �lÉ ª�� �������� ¿ {
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gjh�i � � � �?ôjp²Ñ �������������! Ì�pH¯.Ëuò�½!Ì�ç � p�"$#&%'�( ��)4�+*�, ��- ±,� �. �?Ì#p�¯�Ë�ç � p�/�0�1�2 )�3'� Ê�465�78:9 �&;5±=<�>�Ì#p � ç�ó#{Hç!p �@? #��BA�C��J�HÞ�D�E��?�²ÑJç � pF�G6H Ç!��I�Í#Ó�JLK h�i�M �N ? ��þPO²Ð�Ñ=<�>=Ì�p � çló#{
23
Q R S T
[1] UBVXW�Y � "�#Z% '( �\[�]_^ 2 �a`�bdc!ej� /�0f12 � “ gBh?s�¬�i?¬#Îu� Ï Ìjp�ñ�j6kHÆ.l m�n����oqp�ú=rj��s F �Ä�H� “, é êt�u�vBw�x�yBz {}| Î�~&�Ä��Í�wlÎ%x��&�?ÍB��� , Vol.47, pp.231–242,
2006 � 5 � .
[2] Jun YAO, Shinobu MIWA, Hajime SHIMADA, Members, and Shinji
TOMITA, “A Dynamic Control Mechanism for Pipeline Stage Uni-
fication by Identifying Program Phases“, IEICE TRANS. INF. &
SYST., Vol. E91-D, pp.1010-1022, APRIL 2008
[3]]�� �6�4���@� 1 e=�q�!� c W ������� Ê �q� "�Õ ��� � ý��V ��� �&�6�L���&� 4 �!� � “ i�ÎB�H¬�����J�Hvj��Í�w!Î�x�� yÏ��q #« ¡ Ù#�¢�£6¤�¥ �P¦!§HÕ þ.ÑZ¨�©=��ª�« “
� ¦��Hé ê t¬6 v�w6®¯�°�± ê�² {³| Î6~��%�!��� ��Í���� ,Vol.107, pp.37–42,
2008 � 1 � .
[4]�´� 1 e��µ���¶c W �P�L�·� Ê �&]��¸����µ� "jÕ ��� � ý��6V��� �Z��.���¹� 4¶��� � “ i�Î���¬B�º�$�u�6»��Hͽ¼�Î�¾��À¿ ÏÁ�
MIPS R3000 �o�p úÂr�Ã�Ä�Å�s FÇÆ@È�É “ ÊÀ¦��Hé ê t ¬� v24
w�®6¯!°�± ê�² {Ë| Î�~��ºÌL�.�B�jÍ���� ,Vol.107, pp.43–48, 2008
� 1 � .
25