Scientific 3D Printing with GRASS GISIntroduction and Work in Progress Report

Dr. Peter Löwe

FOSS4G 20142014-09-12

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In a nutshell

• Consumer 3D printers are evolving very quickly

• 3D printing extends „flat“ 2D science communication.

• 3D pre-prints can already be generated with GRASS GIS.

• Dedicated GRASS support for 3D printing will soon simplify the

process.

• Research libraries take on Visual Analytics and 3D printing,

driving the standardisation of Metadata.

• This is work in progress: We barely got started.

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The Library Angle: Open Source + Science = Open Science

Science advances only if knowledge is shared.

Accelerating the sharing of scientific knowledge

accelerates the advancement of science.

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The Who ?

German: Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)

• largest science and technology library globally

• over 9 Mio. items,

• 180 Mio. documents

• 125 km of shelving

• national library of Germany for

• engineering, technology, and the physical sciences.

• funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the16 German states.

• the world's first Digital Object Identifier (DOI) registrationagency for research data sets (since 2005).

• operates in conjunction with the Leibniz University, Hannover.

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The future:Data-driven Libraries

https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/higher-ed-beta/data-driven-library-future

„Libraries are changing from repositories

for journals and books to

engaged community centers offering

new services, shaping

innovative research.“

Libraries offer places and services for discovery.

The path to a relevant, 21st-century library: “serendipitous discovery.”

Christopher Erdmann, 2014

John G Wolbach Library at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

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„While scientists focus on the final frontier,

(data-driven libraries) will work on designing

a different kind of space

full of physical and virtual tools

that

capture imagination and

enable researchers to explore it.“

https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/higher-ed-beta/data-driven-library-future

Christopher Erdmann, 2014

John G Wolbach Library at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

http://thrilling-tales.webomator.com

The future:Data-driven Libraries

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• Content based Retrieval

• Science 2.0 and Open Science

Applied research topics at TIB

•Visual Analytics

•Ontologies

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Visual Analytics: Querying and communicating Data

The challenge:

• Communicating the meaning of scientic data

• Haptic/Tactile Visualization ?

The need:

A tangible representation of scientific results.

1492 Today Future

?

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3D printing for science communication:

The larger picture

Transformation / Reduction of contentScientific

Data3D

Print

Scientist

Science

Communication

Target group

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3D printing for science communication:

The larger picture

Technical Printing Process

Metadata Management

Scientific

Data3D

Print

Scientist

Science

Communication

Target group

Librarian / Data-Scientist

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3D printing for science communication:

The value of metadata

3D

Print

Back-linking by metadata

Inquiries

Technical Printing Process

Metadata Management

Scientific

Data

Librarian / Data-Scientist

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Data-driven Libraries:Requirements for Digital Archives

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NMC Horizon Report 2014 Library Edition

on scientific libraries.

Trends, technologies and challenges over the next five years:

• Focus on research data and new forms of multidisciplinary research.

• Rise of alternative search technologies

• Need for radical change owing to technological and social upheaval.

• Released in May 2014

• http://www.nmc.org/publications/2014-horizon-report-library

• Created by

• New Media Consortium (NCM)

• ETH-Bibliothek Zürich,

• University of Applied Sciences HTW Chur

• German National Library of Science and Technology

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Library Perspective: Unified holistic approach

Moving towards

bottom-up

top-down

Vision

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Top-Down :

DURAARK: DURable ARchitectural Knowledge

• European Commission-FP7-Project (2013 -

2016) focusing on methods and tools for

long- term preservation of 3D data sourcesof architectural knowledge:

• Goal:

• Enrich Building Information Models with “as

built” information from scans

• Semantically enrich building models with

additional data sets

• Preserve 3D models for future reuse

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Bottom-up: GRASS GIS-based 3D-printing

Initial GIS-driven

experiments

GIS workflow

development

GIS modularisation

Stakeholders

Printing

Process

Expertise

INAFAstrophysics Institute,

Rome

FabLabPotsdam Materials

Hardware

Data Sources

TsunamiSimulations

2D

Data(Elevation

Models)

3D Data (Geological

models,soil

penetratingradar)

Software

Workflows and Services

TIB Hannover

GFZ Potsdam

Osaka City University

Multiple linked learning processes

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Let‘s talk 3D printing…

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„The future is here“ (again)

The potential of „3D printing“ as featured in the news:

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„The future is here“ (again)

The potential of „3D printing“ as featured in the news:

• Guns !

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„The future is here“ (again)

The potential of „3D printing“ as featured in the news:

• Guns !

• Human body parts !

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„The future is here“ (again)

The potential of „3D printing“ as featured in the news:

• Guns !

• Human body parts !

• Clothes !

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„The future is here“ (again)

The potential of „3D printing“ as featured in the news:

• Guns !

• Human body parts !

• Clothes !

• Candy !

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„The future is here“ (again)

The potential of „3D printing“ as featured in the news:

• Guns !

• Human body parts !

• Clothes !

• Candy !

• Space Exploration !

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3D Printing, the Gartner hype cycle, and science

http://surveys.peerproduction.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/GoogleTrendsGartnerHypeCycle.png

3D Printing

2014

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3D Printing, the Gartner hype cycle, and science

http://surveys.peerproduction.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/GoogleTrendsGartnerHypeCycle.png

3D Printing

2014

• Handpieces for science

communication

• among scientists

• towards the generalpublic

• Showpieces for exhibitions

• <your application goes here>

Reality-check

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Printing Process Overview

Conversion ExportData ModelPre-

print3D print

GIS Domain

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Printing Process Overview

Conversion ExportData ModelPre-

print3D print

Printing domain

GIS Domain

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Hardware example:RapMan 3.2 3D printer

Multi-colored ABS and

PLA materials

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RapMan 3.2: Reality check

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RapMan 3.2: Reality check

MarcelLudwig

Resident 3D printing expert

at GFZ Potsdam

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RapMan 3.2: Reality check

MarcelLudwig

Resident 3D printing expert

at GFZ Potsdam

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RapMan 3.2: Reality check

RawMaterial

ControlUnit

Print head, cooling fan

Print in progress

MarcelLudwig

Resident 3D printing expert

at GFZ Potsdam

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Close-Up: Actual printing

Printhead

Internalsupport

structure

Externalsupport

structure

3D printingin progress

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Application examples

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Elevation models

Kilians-Floß, Michelstadt, Germany: Laserscan Data

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More elevation models

Mekong River Catchment

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More elevation models

Mekong River Catchment

Olympus Mons, Mars

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More elevation models

Mekong River Catchment

Brukkaros Mountain, Namibia

Olympus Mons, Mars

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More elevation models

Mekong River Catchment

Brukkaros Mountain, Namibia

Olympus Mons, Mars

It glows in the dark !

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Mars north polar cap / satellite-based ground penetrating Radar

Radar

Alessandro Frigeri, INAF, 2012

Images: GFZ Potsdam,

INAF

Complexunderside

Planet Mars:

North Polar Cap

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Layer stacks of 3D bodies (Geology)

Images: GFZ Potsdam

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Close-up: Geologic volume stack example

Images: GFZ Potsdam

Permian Salt Domes

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Complex data sets: Tsunami propagation space-time-cubes

• Space Time Cube

(STC) of tsunami

wave propagation.

• Complex wave

propagation in time

and space.

• Allows visual model

quality assessment.

• Produced by GFZ

Potsdam

• On permanent

display at the Osaka

City University (2014)

3D Print

TsunamiModel

Time

Lon/Lat

Tohoku

ShorelinePacific

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How is this done in GRASS ?

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GRASSGIS

Technical overview

Data

3D preprint:vtk,VRML.etc.

png/pdf

3D preprints - just a gdal/ogr extension ?

2D Map-Printout

3D Volume-Printout

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GRASSGIS

Technical overview

Data

3D preprint:vtk, etc.

png/pdf

Thematic generalisation

Structural integrity

3D preprints - just a gdal/ogr extension ?

Thematic generalisation and print consistency is required

Geologic

stratum

Fault 1

Tricky part,

needs buffering

Fault 2

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Technical overview:Current situation

Data

v.in.ogrr.in.gdal

r.to.rast3 r3.mapcalc r3.out.vtk

new modules new modules new modules

2D/3D Data 3D 3D Triangulation

IngestVolume

generation

Volumeprocessing

Export

t.xxx

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3D PrintingCapa-bilities

Raster

Wanted:

GRASS GIS 3D print workflow trailblazers

Volume generalisation with r3.x and t.x-modules

requires currently these skills:

• Science Interpreter/Communicator: „What

message to convey ?“

• Technical/Software:

• invent new workflows,

• script these,

• document them

• Admin/Pioneer: be able to install patches for

GRASS7, help improve code maturity

Volumes

Vector Time

3DPrint

Raster / Vector

Volumes

Time

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Hands-on walkthrough: Mount St. Helens

How muchwent missing?

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Hands-on walkthrough: Mount St. Helens !

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3D Prints are already available

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Use of USGS Digital Elevation Models

• http://grass.osgeo.org/uploads/grass/history_docs/grassclip6_2_92.pdf

GRASS Clippings: 1992

http://ned.usgs.gov/historic.html

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But how to make a before-after print– in GRASS GIS ?

Pre-Eruption Post-Eruption Ejected material

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GRASS: 2D math -> 3D volumes (r.xxx space)

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Next Step: Printout on a RapMan Printer

32 hours

3km^2

Z-scaling: 3*

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The road ahead

Workflow integration

• File formats (VRML, x3d, obj)

• Size of printout ?

• Coloring schemes ?

• Material selection ?

• this is currently left to the „printmaster“

Provenance, Metadata and Archiving:

• Not to be left to the scientists

• Leave it to the Libraries:

• „Handling metadata and indexes for over 5 millenia“

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Summary

• 3D printing extends „flat“ 2D science communication.

• 3D pre-prints can already be generated with GRASS GIS.

• Dedicated GRASS support for 3D printing will soon simplify the

process.

• Research libraries take on Visual Analytics and 3D printing,

driving the standardisation of Metadata.

• This is work in progress: We barely got started.

• .

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Thanks for listeningHave a great FOSS4G 2014 !

Contact: peter.loewe@tib.uni-hannover.de