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3D-printing with GRASS GIS – a work in progress in report FOSS4G 2014
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Transcript of 3D-printing with GRASS GIS – a work in progress in report FOSS4G 2014
Scientific 3D Printing with GRASS GISIntroduction and Work in Progress Report
Dr. Peter Löwe
FOSS4G 20142014-09-12
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In a nutshell
• Consumer 3D printers are evolving very quickly
• 3D printing extends „flat“ 2D science communication.
• 3D pre-prints can already be generated with GRASS GIS.
• Dedicated GRASS support for 3D printing will soon simplify the
process.
• Research libraries take on Visual Analytics and 3D printing,
driving the standardisation of Metadata.
• This is work in progress: We barely got started.
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The Library Angle: Open Source + Science = Open Science
Science advances only if knowledge is shared.
Accelerating the sharing of scientific knowledge
accelerates the advancement of science.
4
The Who ?
German: Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)
• largest science and technology library globally
• over 9 Mio. items,
• 180 Mio. documents
• 125 km of shelving
• national library of Germany for
• engineering, technology, and the physical sciences.
• funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the16 German states.
• the world's first Digital Object Identifier (DOI) registrationagency for research data sets (since 2005).
• operates in conjunction with the Leibniz University, Hannover.
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The future:Data-driven Libraries
https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/higher-ed-beta/data-driven-library-future
„Libraries are changing from repositories
for journals and books to
engaged community centers offering
new services, shaping
innovative research.“
Libraries offer places and services for discovery.
The path to a relevant, 21st-century library: “serendipitous discovery.”
Christopher Erdmann, 2014
John G Wolbach Library at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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„While scientists focus on the final frontier,
(data-driven libraries) will work on designing
a different kind of space
full of physical and virtual tools
that
capture imagination and
enable researchers to explore it.“
https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/higher-ed-beta/data-driven-library-future
Christopher Erdmann, 2014
John G Wolbach Library at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
http://thrilling-tales.webomator.com
The future:Data-driven Libraries
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• Content based Retrieval
• Science 2.0 and Open Science
Applied research topics at TIB
•Visual Analytics
•Ontologies
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Visual Analytics: Querying and communicating Data
The challenge:
• Communicating the meaning of scientic data
• Haptic/Tactile Visualization ?
The need:
A tangible representation of scientific results.
1492 Today Future
?
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3D printing for science communication:
The larger picture
Transformation / Reduction of contentScientific
Data3D
Scientist
Science
Communication
Target group
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3D printing for science communication:
The larger picture
Technical Printing Process
Metadata Management
Scientific
Data3D
Scientist
Science
Communication
Target group
Librarian / Data-Scientist
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3D printing for science communication:
The value of metadata
3D
Back-linking by metadata
Inquiries
Technical Printing Process
Metadata Management
Scientific
Data
Librarian / Data-Scientist
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Data-driven Libraries:Requirements for Digital Archives
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NMC Horizon Report 2014 Library Edition
on scientific libraries.
Trends, technologies and challenges over the next five years:
• Focus on research data and new forms of multidisciplinary research.
• Rise of alternative search technologies
• Need for radical change owing to technological and social upheaval.
• Released in May 2014
• http://www.nmc.org/publications/2014-horizon-report-library
• Created by
• New Media Consortium (NCM)
• ETH-Bibliothek Zürich,
• University of Applied Sciences HTW Chur
• German National Library of Science and Technology
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Library Perspective: Unified holistic approach
Moving towards
bottom-up
top-down
Vision
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Top-Down :
DURAARK: DURable ARchitectural Knowledge
• European Commission-FP7-Project (2013 -
2016) focusing on methods and tools for
long- term preservation of 3D data sourcesof architectural knowledge:
• Goal:
• Enrich Building Information Models with “as
built” information from scans
• Semantically enrich building models with
additional data sets
• Preserve 3D models for future reuse
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Bottom-up: GRASS GIS-based 3D-printing
Initial GIS-driven
experiments
GIS workflow
development
GIS modularisation
Stakeholders
Printing
Process
Expertise
INAFAstrophysics Institute,
Rome
FabLabPotsdam Materials
Hardware
Data Sources
TsunamiSimulations
2D
Data(Elevation
Models)
3D Data (Geological
models,soil
penetratingradar)
Software
Workflows and Services
TIB Hannover
GFZ Potsdam
Osaka City University
Multiple linked learning processes
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Let‘s talk 3D printing…
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„The future is here“ (again)
The potential of „3D printing“ as featured in the news:
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„The future is here“ (again)
The potential of „3D printing“ as featured in the news:
• Guns !
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„The future is here“ (again)
The potential of „3D printing“ as featured in the news:
• Guns !
• Human body parts !
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„The future is here“ (again)
The potential of „3D printing“ as featured in the news:
• Guns !
• Human body parts !
• Clothes !
22
„The future is here“ (again)
The potential of „3D printing“ as featured in the news:
• Guns !
• Human body parts !
• Clothes !
• Candy !
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„The future is here“ (again)
The potential of „3D printing“ as featured in the news:
• Guns !
• Human body parts !
• Clothes !
• Candy !
• Space Exploration !
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3D Printing, the Gartner hype cycle, and science
http://surveys.peerproduction.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/GoogleTrendsGartnerHypeCycle.png
3D Printing
2014
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3D Printing, the Gartner hype cycle, and science
http://surveys.peerproduction.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/GoogleTrendsGartnerHypeCycle.png
3D Printing
2014
• Handpieces for science
communication
• among scientists
• towards the generalpublic
• Showpieces for exhibitions
• <your application goes here>
Reality-check
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Printing Process Overview
Conversion ExportData ModelPre-
print3D print
GIS Domain
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Printing Process Overview
Conversion ExportData ModelPre-
print3D print
Printing domain
GIS Domain
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Hardware example:RapMan 3.2 3D printer
Multi-colored ABS and
PLA materials
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RapMan 3.2: Reality check
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RapMan 3.2: Reality check
MarcelLudwig
Resident 3D printing expert
at GFZ Potsdam
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RapMan 3.2: Reality check
MarcelLudwig
Resident 3D printing expert
at GFZ Potsdam
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RapMan 3.2: Reality check
RawMaterial
ControlUnit
Print head, cooling fan
Print in progress
MarcelLudwig
Resident 3D printing expert
at GFZ Potsdam
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Close-Up: Actual printing
Printhead
Internalsupport
structure
Externalsupport
structure
3D printingin progress
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Application examples
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Elevation models
Kilians-Floß, Michelstadt, Germany: Laserscan Data
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More elevation models
Mekong River Catchment
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More elevation models
Mekong River Catchment
Olympus Mons, Mars
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More elevation models
Mekong River Catchment
Brukkaros Mountain, Namibia
Olympus Mons, Mars
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More elevation models
Mekong River Catchment
Brukkaros Mountain, Namibia
Olympus Mons, Mars
It glows in the dark !
40
Mars north polar cap / satellite-based ground penetrating Radar
Radar
Alessandro Frigeri, INAF, 2012
Images: GFZ Potsdam,
INAF
Complexunderside
Planet Mars:
North Polar Cap
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Layer stacks of 3D bodies (Geology)
Images: GFZ Potsdam
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Close-up: Geologic volume stack example
Images: GFZ Potsdam
Permian Salt Domes
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Complex data sets: Tsunami propagation space-time-cubes
• Space Time Cube
(STC) of tsunami
wave propagation.
• Complex wave
propagation in time
and space.
• Allows visual model
quality assessment.
• Produced by GFZ
Potsdam
• On permanent
display at the Osaka
City University (2014)
3D Print
TsunamiModel
Time
Lon/Lat
Tohoku
ShorelinePacific
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How is this done in GRASS ?
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GRASSGIS
Technical overview
Data
3D preprint:vtk,VRML.etc.
png/pdf
3D preprints - just a gdal/ogr extension ?
2D Map-Printout
3D Volume-Printout
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GRASSGIS
Technical overview
Data
3D preprint:vtk, etc.
png/pdf
Thematic generalisation
Structural integrity
3D preprints - just a gdal/ogr extension ?
Thematic generalisation and print consistency is required
Geologic
stratum
Fault 1
Tricky part,
needs buffering
Fault 2
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Technical overview:Current situation
Data
v.in.ogrr.in.gdal
r.to.rast3 r3.mapcalc r3.out.vtk
new modules new modules new modules
2D/3D Data 3D 3D Triangulation
IngestVolume
generation
Volumeprocessing
Export
t.xxx
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3D PrintingCapa-bilities
Raster
Wanted:
GRASS GIS 3D print workflow trailblazers
Volume generalisation with r3.x and t.x-modules
requires currently these skills:
• Science Interpreter/Communicator: „What
message to convey ?“
• Technical/Software:
• invent new workflows,
• script these,
• document them
• Admin/Pioneer: be able to install patches for
GRASS7, help improve code maturity
Volumes
Vector Time
3DPrint
Raster / Vector
Volumes
Time
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Hands-on walkthrough: Mount St. Helens
How muchwent missing?
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Hands-on walkthrough: Mount St. Helens !
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3D Prints are already available
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Use of USGS Digital Elevation Models
• http://grass.osgeo.org/uploads/grass/history_docs/grassclip6_2_92.pdf
GRASS Clippings: 1992
http://ned.usgs.gov/historic.html
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But how to make a before-after print– in GRASS GIS ?
Pre-Eruption Post-Eruption Ejected material
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GRASS: 2D math -> 3D volumes (r.xxx space)
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Next Step: Printout on a RapMan Printer
32 hours
3km^2
Z-scaling: 3*
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The road ahead
Workflow integration
• File formats (VRML, x3d, obj)
• Size of printout ?
• Coloring schemes ?
• Material selection ?
• this is currently left to the „printmaster“
Provenance, Metadata and Archiving:
• Not to be left to the scientists
• Leave it to the Libraries:
• „Handling metadata and indexes for over 5 millenia“
57
Summary
• 3D printing extends „flat“ 2D science communication.
• 3D pre-prints can already be generated with GRASS GIS.
• Dedicated GRASS support for 3D printing will soon simplify the
process.
• Research libraries take on Visual Analytics and 3D printing,
driving the standardisation of Metadata.
• This is work in progress: We barely got started.
• .