1H03. Analyze the relationship of tissues, organs, and body

systems.

What do you know about the human body?

• The body is organized in terms of cells, tissues, organs, systems, quadrants, regions, directional terms, position, cavities, and planes.

• ANATOMY – study of the parts of the body

• PHYSIOLOGY – study of the function of the body

Body Organization• ANATOMICAL POSITION – standing erect

with face forward, arms at the side, palms forward

Anatomic Terminology –Directiontional terms

• ANTERIOR or VENTRAL – front or in front of

• POSTERIOR or DORSAL – back or in back of

Directional Terms

• CRANIAL – refers to the head of the body

• CAUDAL – means tail end

• SUPERIOR – upper or above something

• INFERIOR – lower or below something

Medial and Lateral

• MEDIAL – toward the middle

• LATERAL – toward the side of the body

Other Terms

• PROXIMAL – toward the point of attachment to the body or the trunk of the body

• DISTAL – away from the point of attachment to the body

• SUPERFICIAL (EXTERNAL) – near the surface or outside the body

• DEEP (INTERNAL) – inside the body

Different species, Same principle or concept

Body Planes and Sections • PLANES – imaginary anatomical dividing

planes• SECTION – cut made through the body in

the direction of a certain plane•

Name the Plane…

• SAGITTAL PLANE – divides the body into right and left parts

• CORONAL (FRONTAL) PLANE – vertical cut at right angles to saggital plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

• TRANSVERSE PLANE – cross-section, a horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts

Cavities of the Body

• DORSAL CAVITY –contains brain and spinal cord – the brain is in the CRANIAL CAVITY and the spinal cord is in the SPINAL CAVITY

Cavities

• ANTERIOR or VENTRAL CAVITY contains the THORACIC and ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES

• The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart

Body Cavities con’t .

• ABDOMINAL CAVITY contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder and pancreas

• PELVIC CAVITY contains urinary bladder and reproductive organs

Abdominal Quadrants

• 4 quadrants RUQ, LUQ. RLQ, LLQ or

Abdominopelvic Regions

• 9 regions

Tissues

• TISSUES – cells grouped because they are similar in shape, size, structure, and function

Tissue Types

• EPITHELIAL TISSUE – protects the body by covering internal and external surfaces, and produces secretions

• CONNECTIVE TISSUE – supports and connects organs and tissue

• MEMBRANES – formed by putting two thin layers of tissue together, cells may secrete a fluid

Types of Tissues

• MUSCLE TISSUE – has the ability to contract and move the body

• NERVOUS TISSUE – cells that react to stimuli and conduct an impulse

• ADIPOSE TISSUE – type of connective tissue that stores fat cells

Connective Tissues

• LIGAMENTS – strong, flexible bands of connective tissue that hold bones firmly together at the joints

• TENDONS – white bands of connective tissue attaching skeletal muscle to bone

• CARTILAGE – firm, flexible support of the embryonic skeleton and part of the adult skeleton

Types of Membranes• MUCOUS MEMBRANES– lines digestive,

respiratory, reproductive and urinary systems – produces mucous to lubricate and protect the lining

• SEROUS MEMBRANES – double-walled membrane - produces a watery fluid, lines closed body cavities

• the outer part of the membrane that lines the cavity is the PARIETAL membrane

• the part that covers the organs is the VISCERAL membrane.

• PLEURAL MEMBRANE – lines thoracic or chest cavity and protects the lungs

• PERICARDIAL MEMBRANE – lines the heart cavity and protects the heart

• PERITONEAL MEMBRANE – lines the abdominal cavity and protects abdominal organs

Organs and SystemsCells make tissues, tissues make organs, organs

make systems. • ORGAN SYSTEM – a group of organs which act

together to perform a specific, related function

• Integumentary• Skeletal• Muscular• Digestive• Respiratory• Circulatory• Excretory• Nervous• Endocrine• Reproductive• Lymphatic