1H03. Analyze the relationship of tissues, organs, and body systems. · 2014-01-24 · What do you...
Transcript of 1H03. Analyze the relationship of tissues, organs, and body systems. · 2014-01-24 · What do you...
1H03. Analyze the relationship of tissues, organs, and body
systems.
What do you know about the human body?
• The body is organized in terms of cells, tissues, organs, systems, quadrants, regions, directional terms, position, cavities, and planes.
• ANATOMY – study of the parts of the body
• PHYSIOLOGY – study of the function of the body
Body Organization• ANATOMICAL POSITION – standing erect
with face forward, arms at the side, palms forward
Anatomic Terminology –Directiontional terms
• ANTERIOR or VENTRAL – front or in front of
• POSTERIOR or DORSAL – back or in back of
Directional Terms
• CRANIAL – refers to the head of the body
• CAUDAL – means tail end
• SUPERIOR – upper or above something
• INFERIOR – lower or below something
Medial and Lateral
• MEDIAL – toward the middle
• LATERAL – toward the side of the body
Other Terms
• PROXIMAL – toward the point of attachment to the body or the trunk of the body
• DISTAL – away from the point of attachment to the body
• SUPERFICIAL (EXTERNAL) – near the surface or outside the body
• DEEP (INTERNAL) – inside the body
Different species, Same principle or concept
Body Planes and Sections • PLANES – imaginary anatomical dividing
planes• SECTION – cut made through the body in
the direction of a certain plane•
Name the Plane…
• SAGITTAL PLANE – divides the body into right and left parts
• CORONAL (FRONTAL) PLANE – vertical cut at right angles to saggital plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
• TRANSVERSE PLANE – cross-section, a horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts
Cavities of the Body
• DORSAL CAVITY –contains brain and spinal cord – the brain is in the CRANIAL CAVITY and the spinal cord is in the SPINAL CAVITY
Cavities
• ANTERIOR or VENTRAL CAVITY contains the THORACIC and ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES
• The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart
Body Cavities con’t .
• ABDOMINAL CAVITY contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder and pancreas
• PELVIC CAVITY contains urinary bladder and reproductive organs
Abdominal Quadrants
• 4 quadrants RUQ, LUQ. RLQ, LLQ or
Abdominopelvic Regions
• 9 regions
Tissues
• TISSUES – cells grouped because they are similar in shape, size, structure, and function
Tissue Types
• EPITHELIAL TISSUE – protects the body by covering internal and external surfaces, and produces secretions
• CONNECTIVE TISSUE – supports and connects organs and tissue
• MEMBRANES – formed by putting two thin layers of tissue together, cells may secrete a fluid
Types of Tissues
• MUSCLE TISSUE – has the ability to contract and move the body
• NERVOUS TISSUE – cells that react to stimuli and conduct an impulse
• ADIPOSE TISSUE – type of connective tissue that stores fat cells
Connective Tissues
• LIGAMENTS – strong, flexible bands of connective tissue that hold bones firmly together at the joints
• TENDONS – white bands of connective tissue attaching skeletal muscle to bone
• CARTILAGE – firm, flexible support of the embryonic skeleton and part of the adult skeleton
Types of Membranes• MUCOUS MEMBRANES– lines digestive,
respiratory, reproductive and urinary systems – produces mucous to lubricate and protect the lining
• SEROUS MEMBRANES – double-walled membrane - produces a watery fluid, lines closed body cavities
• the outer part of the membrane that lines the cavity is the PARIETAL membrane
• the part that covers the organs is the VISCERAL membrane.
• PLEURAL MEMBRANE – lines thoracic or chest cavity and protects the lungs
• PERICARDIAL MEMBRANE – lines the heart cavity and protects the heart
• PERITONEAL MEMBRANE – lines the abdominal cavity and protects abdominal organs
Organs and SystemsCells make tissues, tissues make organs, organs
make systems. • ORGAN SYSTEM – a group of organs which act
together to perform a specific, related function
• Integumentary• Skeletal• Muscular• Digestive• Respiratory• Circulatory• Excretory• Nervous• Endocrine• Reproductive• Lymphatic