Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and
National Communications
Version 2.1, June 2014
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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
and National Communications
Contents
PART I National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications
Section 1: Reporting requirements and review under the UNFCCC 1-1 Reporting and review for Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC
1. Overview of reporting and review requirements for Annex I Parties
2. Submission schedule for Annex I Parties under UNFCCC 3. Reporting requirements for GHG inventories of Annex I
Parties i. Outline of Common Reporting Format (CRF) ii. Outline and general structure of the national
inventory report (NIR) 4. Review procedures for GHG inventories of Annex I Parties 5. Reporting requirements for Biennial Reports of Annex I
Parties 6. Outline and general structure of the BR and CTF 7. Overview of International Assessment and Review 8. Process of International Assessment and Review 9. Overview of Technical review of BR 10. Process of Technical review of BR 11. Reporting requirements for National Communications of
Annex I Parties 12. Outline and general structure of the NC of Annex I Parties 13. Overview of technical review for NC of Annex I Parties 14. Process of technical review of NC 15. Relationship between NGI, BR and NC in terms of
reporting elements
1-2 Reporting and review for non-Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC 1. Overview of reporting and review requirements for non-
Annex I Parties 2. Submission schedule for non-Annex I Parties under
UNFCCC 3. Reporting requirements for Biennial Update Reports of
non-Annex I Parties 4. Reporting elements of the BUR 5. Technical annex regarding REDD+ activities 6. Reporting requirements for National Communications of
non-Annex I Parties 7. Reporting elements of the NC of non-Annex I Parties 8. Overview of International Consultation and Analysis 9. Process of International Consultation and Analysis 10. Relationship between BUR and NC in terms of reporting
elements Section 2 Requirements and functions of a national inventory
arrangements 1. Definition of national arrangements 2. Functions and tasks for preparing the GHG inventory 3. General roles and necessary capacities of individual team
members 4. Possible allocation of responsibilities of members 5. Possible structure for GHG inventory team 6. Possible institutional setup 7. Necessary capacities for preparing GHG inventories 8. Process for preparing the BUR and NC 9. Issues to consider
• Executive Summary • Background of the Project • Structure of the tool
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Contents
Section 3 Case Studies - Example of the development of National Inventory Arrangement -
1. Current National Inventory Arrangement of Japan 1. Ministry of the Environment (MOE) 2. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) 3. Relevant Ministries 4. Relevant Organizations 5. Committee for the Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Estimation Methods 6. Private Consultant Companies 7. Quality Assurance Working Group (QA-WG)
2. History of National Inventory Arrangement of Japan 1. Phase 1 (1992-1994) 2. Phase 2 (1996-1998) 3. Phase 3 (1999-2002) 4. Phase 4 (2002-2008) 5. Phase 5 (2009-)
3. Mongolia 1. Background on Palau and NC/GHG inventories 2. The national arrangements for the Second NC 3. Key challenges of preparing the Second NC
4. Palau 1. Background on Palau and NC/GHG inventories 2. The national arrangements for the Second NC 3. Key challenges of preparing the Second NC
4. Myanmar 1. Background on Myanmar and NC/GHG inventories 2. The National Arrangements of INC 3. Key challenges of preparing the Initial National
Communications 5. Indonesia
1. Background on Indonesia and NC/GHG inventories 2. The Current National Arrangements 3. Key challenges
6. Vietnam 1. Background on Vietnam and NC/GHG inventories 2. The Current National Arrangements 3. Key challenges
7. Lao People's Democratic Republic 1. Background on Lao PDR and NC/GHG inventories 2. The national arrangement for the Second NC 3. Key challenges
Section 4 Findings/Summary
PART II Tools for preparing GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National Communications
Section 1 Technical tools for preparing GHG inventories Section 2 Technical tools for preparing Biennial Update Reports and
National Communications
References
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Executive Summary
UNFCCC provisions for national reporting by developing countries has evolved in recent years, resulting in
enhanced reporting and the process of subsequent consideration of the reported information.
In 2011 and 2012, decisions were taken at the UNFCCC, requiring non-Annex I Parties to report National
Communications every four years and Biennial Update Reports every two years starting 2014.
In addition, it was decided that the Biennial Update Reports would undergo an International Consultation and
Analysis process in which technical experts would analyze the reports and a workshop on the reports would be
held.
Non Annex I Parties must make transition from a temporary project-based approach to a more permanent
institution based approach to support the new cycle of activities related to national GHG inventories, Biennial
Update Reports, and National Communications to take place on a regular basis.
This supporting materials identifies the necessary functions/skills/competences for complying with the new
reporting regime and identified key issues for Parties to take into consideration when developing a roadmap to
strengthen the national arrangements, its functions, and ability to sustainably compile the reports for submission
to the UNFCCC, with a specific focus on GHG inventories.
This supporting materials also provides a list of the publicly available technical tools to prepare the GHG
inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications.
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The Ministry of Environment Japan has been implementing projects in developing countries in an effort to
support the development of low carbon societies.
The GHG inventory, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications are important tools that contain
information on Parties’ progress in meeting the objectives of the UNFCCC, and information on the needs and
challenges of the Party to do so. These tools are the foundation for developing and monitoring climate change
mitigation policies and measures so that Parties can develop low carbon societies.
The objective of this project is to support the strengthening the national arrangements for preparing the GHG
inventory, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications.
We hope that non Annex I Parties use this supporting materials to enhance their national arrangements and
comply with the UNFCCC reporting requirements independently on a regular basis.
Background of the Project
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Structure of the tool
Part I: National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications
Section 1: Reporting requirements and review under the UNFCCC
Section 2: Requirements and functions of national arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
National Communications preparations
Section 3: Case Studies
Section 4: Findings/Summary
Part II: Tools for preparing GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National Communications
Section 1: Technical tools for preparing GHG inventories
Section 2: Technical tools for preparing Biennial Update Reports and National Communications
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National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial
Update Reports, and National Communications
Part I
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Reporting requirements and review under the UNFCCC
Part I: National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National
Communications
Section 1
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Reporting and review for Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC
Part I: National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National
Communications
Section 1-1
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Overview of reporting and review requirements for Annex I Parties
National GHG inventories
(NGI)
Submit annually.
Contain GHG emissions and removals and relevant information such as activity data, emission factors and methodologies used to estimate these emissions and removals.
Subject to review by Expert Review Teams (ERTs).
Biennial Reports (BR)
Submit biennially.
Contain information on greenhouse gas emissions and trends, quantified economy-wide emission reduction target (QERT), progress in achievement of QERT, projections and provision of support to developing countries.
Subject to International Assessment and Review (IAR).
National Communications
(NC)
Submit every four years.
Contain information on national GHG inventory, policies and measures, projections, vulnerability assessment and adaptation measures, financial resources and technology transfer, research and systematic observation, education, training and public awareness.
Subject to technical review by ERTs
Reporting and review requirements for Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC are as follows;
Reference: UNFCCC. (2013a), UNFCCC.(2011), UNFCCC.(1999)
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Submission schedule for Annex I Parties under UNFCCC
NGI
1st BR
5th NC
NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI
2nd BR
4th BR
6th NC
7th NC
8th NC
Kyoto Protocol 1st commitment period
Kyoto Protocol 2nd commitment period
New framework (under negotiation)
National GHG Inventories (NGI) : annually
Biennial Reports (BR) : biennially (since January 2014)
National Communications (NC) : every four years
3rd BR
5th BR
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
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Reporting requirements for GHG inventories of Annex I Parties
Elements Details
Guidelines Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part I: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual greenhouse gas inventories (Decision 24/CP.19)
Principles Transparent, Consistent, Comparable, Complete and Accurate (TCCCA).
Submission due date 15 April each year
Composition
Common reporting format (CRF) : a series of standardized data tables containing mainly numerical information and submitted electronically National Inventory Report (NIR) : a comprehensive description of the methodologies used in compiling the inventory, the data sources, the institutional structures and quality assurance and control procedures
Base year 1990 (Some Economies in Transition Parties (EITs) are allowed to use a base year or a period of years other than 1990)
Gases
carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4) nitrous oxide (N2O) perfluorocarbons (PFCs) hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)
Sectors
Energy Industrial processes and other product use (IPPU) Agriculture Forestry and other land-use (AFOLU) Waste
Methodology 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas inventories (2006 IPCC Guidelines)
GWPs Values listed in Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4)
Reference: UNFCCC. (2013a)
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Outline of Common Reporting Format (CRF)
Table Contents
Table1
1 SECTORAL REPORT FOR ENERGY
1.A(a) SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR ENERGY
Fuel combustion activities - sectoral approach
1.A(b) Fuel combustion activities - reference approach
1.A(c) COMPARISON OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION
1.A(d)
SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR ENERGY
Feedstocks, reductants and other non-energy use of fuels
1.B.1 Solid fuels
1.B.2 Oil, natural gas and other emissions from energy production
1.C CO2 Transport and storage
1.D International aviation and international navigation (international bunkers) and multilateral operations
Table2
2(I) SECTORAL REPORT FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE
2(I).A-H SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE Emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O
2(II) SECTORAL REPORT FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE Emissions of HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and NF3
2(II).B-H SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE Sources of fluorinated substances
Table3
3 SECTORAL REPORT FOR AGRICULTURE
3.A
SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR AGRICULTURE
Enteric Fermentation
3.B Manure Management
3.C Rice Cultivation
3.D Direct and indirect N2O emissions from agricultural soils
3.E Prescribed burning of savannahs
3.F Field burning of agricultural residues
3.G-I CO2 emissions from liming, urea application and other carbon-containing fertilizers)
Reference: UNFCCC. (2013b)
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Outline of Common Reporting Format (CRF) (-cont.)
Table Contents
Table4
4 SECTORAL REPORT FOR LAND USE, LAND-USE CHANGE AND FORESTRY
4.1 LAND TRANSITION MATRIX
4.A
SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR LAND USE, LAND-USE CHANGE AND FORESTRY
Forest land
4.B Cropland
4.C Grassland
4.D Wetlands
4.E Settlements
4.F Other land
4(I) Direct nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from nitrogen (N) inputs to managed soils
4(II) Emissions and removals from drainage and rewetting and other management of organic and mineral soils
4(III) Direct nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from nitrogen (N) mineralization/immobilization associated with loss/gain of soil organic matter resulting from change of land use or management of mineral soils
4(IV) Indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from managed soils
4(V) Biomass Burning
4.G Harvested wood products (HWP)
Table5
5 SECTORAL REPORT FOR WASTE
5.A
SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR WASTE
Solid waste disposal
5.B Biological Treatment of Solid Waste
5.C Waste Incineration
5.D Wastewater treatment and discharge
Table6 CROSS-SECTORAL REPORT: Indirect emissions of N2O and CO2
Table7 SUMMARY OVERVIEW FOR KEY CATEGORIES
Table8 RECALCULATION
Table9 COMPLETENESS - INFORMATION ON NOTATION KEYS
Table10 EMISSION TRENDS
Summary1.A SUMMARY REPORT FOR NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES
Summary2 SUMMARY REPORT FOR CO2 EQUIVALENT EMISSIONS
Summary3 SUMMARY REPORT FOR METHODS AND EMISSION FACTORS USED
Reference: UNFCCC. (2013b)
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Outline and general structure of the national inventory report (NIR)
Chapter Details
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES.1. Background information on greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and climate change ES.2. Summary of national emission and removal-related trends ES.3. Overview of source and sink category emission estimates and trends ES.4. Other information (e.g. indirect GHGs)
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1. Background information on GHG inventories and climate change 1.2. A description of the national inventory arrangements 1.3. Inventory preparation, and data collection, processing and storage 1.4. Brief general description of methodologies (including tiers used) and data sources used 1.5. Brief description of key categories 1.6. General uncertainty evaluation, including data on the overall uncertainty for the inventory totals 1.7. General assessment of completeness
Chapter 2: Trends in greenhouse gas
emissions
2.1. Description and interpretation of emission trends for aggregated GHG emissions 2.2. Description and interpretation of emission trends by sector
Chapter 3: Energy (CRF sector 1)
3.1. Overview of sector (e.g. quantitative overview and description, including trends and methodological tiers by category) 3.2. Fuel combustion (CRF 1.A), including detailed information on: 3.2.1. Comparison of the sectoral approach with the reference approach 3.2.2. International bunker fuels 3.2.3. Feedstocks and non-energy use of fuels 3.2.4. Category (CRF category number), including Category description, Methodological , Uncertainties and time-series consistency, Category-specific QA/QC and verification, Category-specific recalculations including changes made in response to the review process and impact on emission trend, Category-specific planned improvements including tracking of those identified in the review process. 3.3. Fugitive emissions from solid fuels and oil and natural gas and other emissions from energy production (CRF 1.B) 3.3.1. Category (CRF category number): sub-section under this section is same as 3.2.4. 3.4. CO2 transport and storage (CRF 1.C) 3.4.1. Category (CRF category number): sub-section under this section is same as 3.2.4.
Reference: UNFCCC. (2013a)
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Chapter Details
Chapter 4: Industrial processes and
product use (CRF sector 2)
4.1. Overview of sector 4.2. Category (CRF category number): sub-section under this section is same as 3.2.4.
Chapter 5: Agriculture (CRF sector 3)
5.1. Overview of sector 5.2. Category (CRF category number): sub-section under this section is same as 3.2.4.
Chapter 6: Land use, land-use change and forestry (CRF sector 4)
6.1. Overview of sector 6.2. Land-use definitions and the classification systems used and their correspondence to the land use, land-use change and forestry categories (e.g. land use and land-use change matrix) 6.3. Information on approaches used for representing land areas and on land-use databases used for the inventory preparation 6.4. Category (CRF category number) : sub-section under this section is same as 3.2.4.
Chapter 7: Waste (CRF sector 5)
7.1. Overview of sector 7.2. Category (CRF category number): sub-section under this section is same as 3.2.4.
Chapter 8: Other (CRF sector 6)
if applicable
Chapter 9: Indirect CO2 and nitrous
oxide emissions
9.1. Description of sources of indirect emissions in GHG inventory 9.2. Methodological issues 9.3. Uncertainties and time-series consistency 9.4. Category-specific QA/QC and verification, if applicable 9.5 Category-specific recalculations, if applicable, including changes made in response to the review process and impact on emission trend 9.6. Category-specific planned improvements, if applicable (e.g. methodologies, activity data, emission factors, etc.), including tracking of those identified in the review process
Chapter 10: Recalculations and improvements
10.1. Explanations and justifications for recalculations, including in response to the review process 10.2. Implications for emission levels 10.3. Implications for emission trends, including time-series consistency 10.4. Planned improvements, including in response to the review process
Outline and general structure of the national inventory report (NIR) (-cont.)
Reference: UNFCCC. (2013a)
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Outline and general structure of the national inventory report (NIR) (-cont.)
Chapter Details
Annex 1: Key categories
• Description of methodology used for identifying key categories, if different from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tier 1 approach • Information on the level of disaggregation • Tables 4.2 and 4.3 of volume 1 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, including and excluding land use, land-use change and forestry
Annex 2: Assessment of
uncertainty
• Description of methodology used for identifying uncertainties • Table 3.3 of volume 1 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
Annex 3: Detailed methodological
descriptions for individual source or sink categories
A.3.X (sector or category name)
Annex 4: The national energy balance for the most recent inventory year
Annex 5: Any additional
information as applicable.
References All references used in the national inventory report must be listed in the references list.
Reference: UNFCCC. (2013a)
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Review procedures for GHG inventories of Annex I Parties
April April
20xx 20xx+1
May
GHG inventory
submission Initial check
Synthesis and Assessment
Centralized Review
In-country Review (once in approx. every 5 years)
Publication of review
report
September
GHG inventory
submission
By UNFCCC secretariat
By UNFCCC secretariat
By Expert Review Teams coordinated by UNFCCC secretariat
August
Review stage Details
Initial check Initial check is a simple quality assurance check to verify that the GHG inventory submitted by Parties is complete and reported in the correct format. The result is a status report which contains a brief check of completeness of the GHG inventory.
Synthesis and assessment
Synthesis and assessment consists of two parts. Part I includes the information on comparison of basic inventory information such as emission trends, activity data and implied emission factors, across Parties and over time. Part II provides a preliminary assessment of the GHG inventory of each Party.
Individual review
Individual review is conducted by Expert Review Team (ERT) to examine the data, methodologies and procedures used for preparing the national GHG inventory. Individual reviews are conducted as a centralized review, where approximately 4-5 GHG inventories are reviewed by an ERT or an in-country review, where a single inventory is reviewed by an ERT. This is the most important and detailed review stage.
Reference: UNFCCC. (2013c)
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Reporting requirements for Biennial Reports of Annex I Parties
Elements Detail
Guidelines UNFCCC biennial reporting guidelines for developed country Parties (Decision 2/CP.17, Annex I)
Submission due date
1st BR: 1 January 2014 2nd and subsequent BRs: two years after the due date of a full national communication (NC). (2016, 2020…) In the years when the full NC are submitted, BRs should be presented as an annex to the NC or a separate report. (2018, 2022…)
Composition
Biennial Report (BR) consist of the following two materials; BR (text) : an annex to the NC or a separate report Common Tabular Format (CTF) : Tables for reporting information on elements required in the UNFCCC BR reporting guidelines.
Reference: UNFCCC. (2011)
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Outline and general structure of the BR and CTF
Chapter Elements CTF
I. Information on greenhouse gas emissions and trends
Summary information from the national greenhouse gas inventory on emissions and emission trends Table1
National inventory arrangements -
II. Quantified economy-wide emission reduction target
(a) Base year, (b) Gases and sectors covered, (c) GWP, (d) Approach to counting emissions and removals from LULUCF sector, (e) Use of international market-based mechanisms in achieving its emission reduction target, (f) Any other information
Table2 (a)-(f)
III. Progress in achievement of quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets and relevant information
A. Mitigation actions and their effects
Information on its mitigation actions (Name of mitigation action, Sector affected, GHG(s) affected, Objective and/ or activity affected, Type of instrument, Status of implementation, Brief description, Start year of implementation, Implementing entity or entities, Estimate of mitigation impact)
Table3
Information on changes in its domestic institutional arrangements -
Detailed information on the assessment of the economic and social consequences of response measures -
B. Estimates of emission reductions and removals and the use of units from the market-based mechanisms and land use, land-use change and forestry activities
Reporting on progress in achieving the quantified economy-wide emission reduction target (summary) Table4
Further information on mitigation actions relevant to the contribution of LULUCF sector Table4(a)I, II
Reporting on progress on Kyoto Protocol units and Other units Table 4(b)
IV. Projections
Updated projections for 2020 and 2030
Summary of key variables and assumptions used in the projections analysis Table5
Information on updated greenhouse gas projections (with measures’ scenario, without measures’ scenario, with additional measures’ scenario)
Table6
Changes since its most recent national communication in the model or methodologies used for the preparation of projections and supporting documentation
-
Reference: UNFCCC. (2011), UNFCCC.(2012)
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Outline and general structure of the BR and CTF (-cont.)
Chapter Elements CTF
V. Provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties
Description of its national approach for tracking of the provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to non-Annex I Parties.
-
A. Finance
Description of the underlying assumptions and methodologies used to produce information on finance. -
Description on how it seeks to ensure that the resources it provides effectively address the needs of non-Annex I Parties with regard to climate change adaptation and mitigation.
-
Provision of public financial support (Summary) Table7
Provision of public financial support (contribution through multilateral channels) (Donor funding, Total amount, Status, Funding source, Financial instrument, Type of support, Sector)
Table7(a)
Provision of public financial support (contribution through bilateral, regional and other channels) (Recipient country/ region/project/programme, Total amount, Status, Funding source, Financial instrument, Type of support, Sector, Additional Information)
Table7(b)
B. Technology development and transfer (Recipient country and/or region, Targeted area, Measures and activities related to technology transfer, Sector, Source of the funding for technology transfer, Activities undertaken by, Status, Additional information)
Table8
C. Capacity-building (Recipient country/ region, Targeted area, Programme or project title, Description of programme or project)
Table9
VI. Other reporting matters
Domestic arrangements established for the process of the self-assessment of compliance with emission reductions in comparison with emission reduction commitments or the level of emission reduction that is required by science. Progress made in the establishment of national rules for taking local action against domestic non-compliance with emission reduction targets. Any other information that the Party considers relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention and suitable for inclusion in its biennial report.
-
Reference: UNFCCC. (2011), UNFCCC.(2012)
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Overview of International Assessment and Review
IAR process is conducted through 1) Technical review by ERT and 2) Multilateral assessment under the SBI for reviewing and assessing the progress made in achieving emission reductions and the provision of support by developed country Parties reported in the BR.
Elements Explanation
Objective Review the progress made in achieving emission reductions Assess the provision of financial, technological, and capacity-building support to developing country Parties Assess emissions and removals related to quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets under the SBI
Process (a) Technical review (b) Multilateral assessment
Scope
(a) All emissions and removals related to its quantified economy-wide emission reduction target (QERT) (reviewed and multilaterally assessed); (b) Assumptions, conditions and methodologies related to the attainment of its QERT (reviewed and multilaterally
assessed); (c) Progress towards the achievement of QERT (reviewed and multilaterally assessed); (d) Its provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties (reviewed);
Timing Every two years in accordance with the BR submission The 1st round of IAR commence two months after the submission of the 1st BR submission
Input BR (where relevant in conjunction with the GHG inventories and NCs)
Output Record prepared by the secretariat which includes in-depth review reports, the summary report of the SBI, questions submitted by Parties and responses provided, and any other observations by the Party under review that are submitted within two months of the working group session of the SBI
Reference: UNFCCC. (2011)
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Process of International Assessment and Review
Examine the consistency of the annual GHG inventory with the BR and NC. (not include in-depth examination of the inventory itself)
Review progress in emission reductions and removals related to the quantified economy-wide emission reduction target.
Response to questions from other Party(within two months). Those questions and answers will be published on the UNFCCC website.
Make a brief oral presentation
Oral questions and responses
Technical review
Output
Technical review reports
Output
Record prepared by the secretariat which includes; in-depth review reports Summary report of the SBI Questions submitted by
Parties and responses provided
Any other observations by the Party under review that are submitted within two months of the working group session of the SBI
Other review reports of NGI and NCs
Multilateral assessment
BR (document
& CTF) (NGI, NCs)
by ERTs under the SBI
Written questions from
other Party
Reference: UNFCCC. (2011)
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Overview of technical review of BR
The technical review of BR is the first step of the international assessment and review (IAR) process. The overview of technical review of BR is the following:
Elements Details
Guidelines
Decision 23/CP.19 Annex “Guidelines for the technical review of information reported under the Convention related to greenhouse gas inventories, biennial reports and national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention” PART IV: UNFCCC Guidelines for the technical review of biennial reports from Parties included in Annex I to the Convention
Purpose
To provide a thorough and comprehensive technical review of the parts of BRs that are not otherwise covered in the annual GHG inventory review.
To examine in an objective and transparent manner whether quantitative and qualitative information was submitted by Annex I Parties in accordance with the “UNFCCC biennial reporting guidelines for developed country Parties” adopted by the COP.
To promote consistency of the information contained in BRs submitted by Annex I Parties. To assist Annex I Parties in improving their reporting of information and the implementation of their commitments under
the Convention. To undertake an examination of the Party’s progress in achieving its economy-wide emission reduction target. To ensure that the COP has reliable information on the implementation of commitments under the Convention by each
Annex I Party with a view to promoting comparability and building confidence.
Procedures In the years when NCs and BRs are submitted together: Both the NC and BR will be subject to an in-country review. In the years when the BR is not reported in conjunction with the NC: The BR shall be subject to a centralized review.
Time frame Within 15 months
Reference: UNFCCC. (2013c)
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Overview of technical review of BR (-cont.)
Elements Details
Scope
(a) Provide an assessment of the completeness of the BR, in accordance with the reporting requirements contained in decisions 2/CP.17 and 19/CP.18, and an indication of whether it was submitted on time;
(b) Examine the consistency of the BR with the annual GHG inventory and NC but it will not include in-depth examination of the inventory itself;
(c) Undertake a detailed technical examination of only those parts of the BR that are not included in the annual GHG inventory review, including the following: (i) All emissions and removals related to the Party’s quantified economy-wide emission reduction target; (ii) Assumptions, conditions and methodologies related to the attainment of the Party’s quantified economy-wide
emission reduction target; (iii) Progress the Party has made towards the achievement of its quantified economy-wide emission reduction target; (iv) The Party’s provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties;
Identification of issues
(a) Transparency; (b) Completeness; (c) Timeliness; (d) Adherence to the biennial report reporting guidelines as per decision 2/CP.17.
Output Technical review report, including an examination of the Party’s progress in achieving its economy-wide emission reduction target.
Reference: UNFCCC. (2013c)
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Process of technical review of BR
In-country review
or Centralized
review (by ERT)
Draft technical review report
Final technical review report
1 week
Review for comment to
draft technical review report
(by AI)
4 weeks 4 weeks
BR
within 15 months
additional information from Party
2 weeks
8 weeks
published and forwarded to the COP, together with any written comments on the final review report by the Party
Reference: UNFCCC. (2013c)
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Reporting requirements for National Communications of Annex I Parties
Elements Detail
Guidelines
Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part II: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on national communications (Decision 4/CP.5, FCCC/CP/1999/7)
Submission due date 6th NC: 1 January 2014
Frequency Every four years (7th NC: 2018)
Reference: UNFCCC. (1999), UNFCCC.(2012)
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Outline and general structure of the NC of Annex I Parties
Chapter Elements
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
II. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES RELEVANT TO GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
III. GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY INFORMATION, INCLUDING INFORMATION ON NATIONAL SYSTEMS AND NATIONAL REGISTRIES
A. Summary tables B. Descriptive summary
IV. POLICIES AND MEASURES A. Policy-making process B. Policies and measures and their effects C. Policies and measures no longer in place
V. PROJECTIONS AND THE TOTAL EFFECT OF POLICIES AND MEASURES A. Projections B. Assessment of aggregate effects of policies and measures C. Methodology
VI. VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND ADAPTATION MEASURES
A. Expected impacts of climate change B. Vulnerability Assessment C. Adaptation measures
VII. FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY
A. Provision of ‘new and additional’ financial resources B. Assistance to developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to climate change D. Activities related to transfer of technology
VIII. RESEARCH AND SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION A. General policy on research and systematic observation B. Research C. Systematic observation
IX. EDUCATION, TRAINING AND PUBLIC AWARENESS
ANNEXES Summary tables on emission trends
Reference: UNFCCC. (1999)
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Overview of technical review for NC of Annex I Parties
Elements Explanation
Guidelines
Decision 24/CP.19 Annex “Guidelines for the technical review of information reported under the Convention related to greenhouse gas inventories, biennial reports and national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention” PART V: UNFCCC Guidelines for the technical review of national communications from Parties included in Annex I to the Convention
Purpose
To establish a process for a thorough and comprehensive technical review of the implementation of the commitments under the Convention by individual Annex I Parties and Annex I Parties as a group;
To examine in an objective and transparent manner whether quantitative and qualitative information was submitted by Annex I Parties in accordance with the “Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part II: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on national communications” adopted by the COP;
To promote consistency of the information contained in the NCs of Annex I Parties; To assist Annex I Parties in improving their reporting of information under Article 12 of the Convention and the
implementation of their commitments under the Convention; To ensure that the COP has reliable information on the implementation of commitments under the Convention
by each Annex I Party and Annex I Parties as a whole.
Procedures in-country review
Time frame Within 15 months
Reference: UNFCCC. (2013c)
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Overview of technical review for NC of Annex I Parties (-cont.)
Elements Explanation
Scope
(a) Provide an assessment of the completeness of the NC in accordance with the “Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part II: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on national communications” adopted by the COP, and an indication of whether it was submitted on time; (b) Check the consistency of information contained in the NC with that contained in the BR and GHG inventory. If the same information is reported elsewhere, the information should be reviewed only once; (c) Undertake a detailed technical examination of the unique information contained in the NC and the procedures and methodologies used for the preparation of the information therein, noting that the outline of the NC is included in the list below: (i) National circumstances relevant to GHG emissions and removals; (ii) GHG inventory information; (iii) Policies and measures; (iv) Projections and the total effect of policies and measures; (v) Vulnerability assessment, climate change impacts and adaptation measures; (vi) Financial resources; (vii) Transfer of technology; (viii) Research and systematic observation;7 (ix) Education, training and public awareness; (d) Giving consideration to national circumstances, identify any potential issues.
Identification of issues
(a) Transparency; (b) Completeness; (c) Timeliness; (d) Adherence to the NC reporting guidelines as per decision 4/CP.5.
Output NC review report
Reference: UNFCCC. (2013c)
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Process of technical review of NC
In-country review
(by ERT)
Draft NC review report
Final NC review report
1 week
Review for comment to draft review
report (by AI)
4 weeks 4 weeks
NC
within 15 months
additional information from Party
2 weeks
8 weeks
published and forwarded to the COP, together with any written comments on the final review report by the Party
Reference: UNFCCC. (2013c)
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Relationship between NGI, BR and NC in terms of reporting elements
GHG emissions and trends
Quantified economy-wide emission
reduction target (QERT)
Projections
Policies and Measures
Education, Training and Public Awareness
Research and Systematic
Observation
Vulnerability Assessment,
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Measures
National Circumstances
Provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to
developing country Parties
Progress in achievement of QERT NGI
BR
NC
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Reporting and review for non-Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC
Part I: National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National
Communications
Section 1-2
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Overview of reporting and review requirements for non-Annex I Parties
Biennial Update Reports (BUR)
Submit biennially.
Contain information on national circumstances, national GHG inventory, mitigation actions and their effects, constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity needs, etc.
Subject to International Consultations and Analysis (ICA).
National Communications
(NC)
Submit every four years.
Contain information on national circumstances, national GHG inventory, mitigation measures, adaptation measures, vulnerability assessment, constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity needs, etc.
No review process
Reporting and review requirements for non-Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC are as follows;
Reference: UNFCCC.(2002b), UNFCCC. (2011)
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Submission schedule for non-Annex I Parties under UNFCCC
1st BUR
NC
Kyoto Protocol 1st commitment period
Kyoto Protocol 2nd commitment period
New framework (under negotiation)
Biennial Update Reports (BUR) : biennially (since December 2014)
National Communications (NC) : every four years
2nd BUR
3rd BUR
4th BUR
5th BUR
NC NC
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
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Reporting requirements for Biennial Update Reports of non-Annex I Parties
Elements Detail
Guidelines UNFCCC biennial update reporting guidelines for Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (Decision 2/CP.17, Annex III)
Submission due date 1st BUR: December 2014 (* SIDS and LDCs may submit BURs at their discretion)
Frequency Every two years (i.e. 2nd BURs: 2016)
Target year of GHG inventory BUR shall cover, at minimum, the calendar year no more than four years prior to the date of submission, or more recent years. (i.e. 1st BURs shall cover 2010)
Reference: UNFCCC. (2011)
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Reporting elements of the BUR
Elements Detail
(a) National circumstances Information on national circumstances and institutional arrangements relevant to the preparation of the NCs on a continuous basis;
(b) National GHG inventory, including a national inventory report
Update of national GHG inventories according to the guidelines for the preparation of NCs. • Inventory years : calendar year no more than 4 years prior to the date of submission or more recent years.
Consistent time series back to the years reported in the previous NCs. • Methodologies : Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines and IPCC good practice guidance
(c) Mitigation actions and their effects
(a) Name and description of the mitigation action (b) Methodologies and assumptions (c) Objectives of the action and steps taken or envisaged to achieve that action (d) Progress of implementation of the mitigation actions and the underlying steps taken or envisaged, and the
results achieved (e) Information on international market mechanisms.
(d) Constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity needs
Updated information on financial resources, technology transfer, capacity-building needs Updated information on financial resources, technology transfer, capacity-building and technical support received from the GEF, developed country Parties and multilaterals institutions
(e) Information on the level of support received to enable the preparation and submission of BURs;
Information on support received for the preparation of the BURs.
(f) Information on domestic measurement reporting and verification;
-
(g) Any other information Any other information that the non-Annex I Party considers relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention and suitable for inclusion in its BURs.
Reference: UNFCCC. (2011)
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Technical annex regarding REDD+ activities
As additional or supplemental information , non-Annex I Parties may supply a technical annex including sector-
specific information (e.g. information on REDD+).
Non-Annex I Parties seeking to obtain and receive payments for results-based actions is requested to supply
following data and information through the technical annex of BUR;
The estimation of anthropogenic forest-related emissions by sources and removals by sinks
Forest carbon stocks
Forest carbon stock and forest-area changes.
Note: Above information and data should be transparent, and consistent over time and with the established forest reference
emission levels and/or forest reference levels (REL/RL).
Upon the request of the developing country Party seeking to obtain and receive payments for results-based
actions, two LULUCF experts from the UNFCCC roster of experts, one each from a developing country and a
developed country Party, will be included among the members selected for the technical team of experts under
the ICA.
Although Safeguard Information System (SIS) of REDD+ is still under negotiation in UNFCCC, Non-Annex I Parties
implementing REDD+ will be requested to supply information on safeguards referred in appendix 1 of decision
1/CP.16 through the BUR.
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Reporting requirements for National Communications of non-Annex I Parties
Elements Detail
Guidelines Guidelines for the preparation of national communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (Decision 17/CP.8)
Submission due date
1st NC: within three years of the Convention for that Party coming into force, or of the availability of financial resources in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 3 of the Convention. (* LDCs may make their initial NCs at their discretion.) 2nd and 3rd NC: The deadlines for submitting 2nd and 3rd NCs have not been decided. But COP11 decided that each non-Annex I Party should make all efforts to submit 2nd and 3rd NCs within four years of the initial disbursement of financial resources.
Frequency Every four years
Reference: UNFCCC. (2011), UNFCCC. (2002)
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Reporting elements of the NC of non-Annex I Parties
Elements Details
National circumstances Description of national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances Description of existing institutional arrangements relevant to the preparation of their NCs on a continuous basis.
National GHG inventory
Information on GHG emissions and removals Year : 1st NC=1994 or 1990, 2nd NC=2000 Methodologies : Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines and IPCC good practice guidance Gas : CO2, CH4, N2O (shall) HFCs, PFCs, SF6 (encourage)
General description of steps taken or envisaged to implement
the Convention
Adaptation Measures Vulnerability Assessment Mitigation Measures
Other information considered relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention
Technology transfer Research and systematic observation Education, training and public awareness Capacity-building activities Information and networking
Constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity
needs
Constraints and gaps, financial, technical and capacity needs and activities for overcoming the constraints and gaps
Financial resources and technical support provided by GEF, Annex II Parties or multilateral/bilateral institutions Proposed projects for financing Information on implementing adaptation measures Country-specific technology needs and assistance received from developed country Parties and the financial
mechanism of the Convention
Other information Additional or supporting information
Reference: UNFCCC. (2002)
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and National Communications
Overview of International Consultation and Analysis
Elements Explanation
Modalities and guidelines
Modalities and guidelines for international consultation and analysis (Decision 2/CP.17 Annex IV)
Objective Increase of the transparency of mitigation actions and their effects of Non-Annex I Parties (* ICA is nonintrusive, non-punitive and respectful of national sovereignty) (** Discussion on the appropriateness of such domestic policies and measures is NOT part of ICA)
Process (a) Technical analysis (by a team of technical expert (TTE)) (b) Facilitative exchange of views (under SBI)
Timing Every two years 1st ICA commence within six months of 1st BUR submission. (* Special flexibility of the frequency of ICA are given to SIDS and LDCs)
Input BUR
Output Summary report Record of the facilitative sharing of views
Reference: UNFCCC. (2011)
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Process of International Consultation and Analysis
Technical analysis of BURs in a
single location
Brief presentation by the Party on their BURs
Oral questions and answers among Parties.
Technical analysis Facilitative sharing of views
Outcome
Summary report
Record of the facilitative
sharing of views Additional technical
information provided by
the Party
Written Questions
Draft Summary
report
Final Summary
report
within 3 months
Review and comment on draft report
(by NAI)
within 3 months within 3 months
by TTEs workshop under the SBI
BUR
Composition of TTE
TTE is composed of UNFCCC roster of experts who have successfully completed the CGE training program.
At least one and up to one third of the TTE is CGE member, and majority of TTE come from non-Annex I Parties.
The secretariat selects the TTE guided by the CGE.
Modalities of workshop
The SBI convene a workshop for facilitative sharing of views. This WS open to all Parties.
1-3 hour session for each Party.
Parties may request to present individually or in a group of up to five Parties.
Reference: UNFCCC. (2011), UNFCCC.(2013d)
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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
and National Communications
Relationship between BUR and NC in terms of reporting elements
GHG inventory Mitigation actions
and effects
Education, Training and Public Awareness
Research and Systematic
Observation
Vulnerability Assessment
National circumstances and
institutional arrangement
Constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity
needs
BUR
NC
Domestic MRV Adaptation Measures
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Functions and requirements of national arrangements
for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National
Communications preparations
Part I: National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National
Communications
Section 2
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Definition of national arrangements
National arrangements are a set of legal, procedural, institutional arrangements relations between people and institutions to ensure the sustainable preparation of GHG inventory, Biennial Update Report, National Communications of standard quality.
Establishing national arrangements are particularly important to non Annex I Parties as they prepare for the regular reporting and the ICA process under the UNFCCC.
Types of arrangements Examples
Legal arrangements
•Regulation, directives, law, decree, decision or other legal instrument to establish a permanent national entity and GHG inventory team. •Regulation, directives, law, decree, decision or other legal instrument to formally assign roles and responsibilities to relevant government institutions.
Institutional arrangement •Any arrangement needed for the data providers to cooperate with the national entity. •Contracts or Memorandums of Understanding between national entity and data provider.
Procedural arrangement • Formalized work plan or Quality Assurance/Quality Control plan
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Functions of national arrangements
The general functions of national arrangements for GHG inventories, BURs, and NCs are of the following:
Legalize/Formalize the commitment to regularly prepare GHG inventories, BURs, and NCs;
Allocate responsibilities among stakeholders;
Ensure cooperation between stakeholders;
Ensure the quality of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs; and
Ensure sustainability of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs preparation process
The national arrangements are established to ensure that the GHG inventory, BUR, and NC preparation
cycle and the ICA preparation process run smoothly.
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National arrangements Legal arrangements
Institutional arrangements
Procedural arrangements
GHG inventory preparation cycle
Planning
1. Define roles and responsibilities
2. Define inventory products and milestones
3. Establish rules of procedure for inventory preparation
4. Draft inventory preparation schedule / work plan
5. Establish necessary national arrangements
6. Prepare budget
7. Determine priorities
Data collection, emission/removal estimation
1. Determine data availability and quality
2. Determine methods and compile data
3. Conduct emission calculations and complete text sections
4. Undertake quality assurance/quality control procedures
5. Undertake key category analysis and uncertainty assessment
6. Complete reporting
7. Complete inventory improvement strategy
Finalization of GHG inventory
1. Validation of results by national stakeholders
2. Revision of the GHG inventory as necessary
3. Officially approve the inventory products
Documentation/Archiving
1. Ensure regular and systematic documentation and archiving.
Assessment
1. Assess the overall process and identify areas of improvement for the future (short term and long term).
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Typical GHG inventory preparation schedule
12/2014 12/2016
Deliverables:
Schedule and work plan
Roles and responsibilities
Rules of procedure
Deliverables :
Draft GHG inventory report
Draft GHG inventory spreadsheets
Deliverables :
Final GHG inventory
report
Final GHG inventory
spreadsheets
Deliverables :
Organized
databases
Organized
resource reports
Deliverables :
Improvement
plan Seco
nd
BU
R
Thir
d B
UR
Submission
of First BUR
Submission
of 2nd BUR
Deliverables :
Schedule and work plan
Roles and responsibilities
Rules of procedure
Note: the national entity, together with other stakeholders should develop a
detailed plan/schedule identifying specific deliverables by stakeholder
Planning Data collection emission/removal
estimation Finalization
Documentation/
archiving Assessment
Planning
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Legal Arrangements and Procedural Arrangements for GHG inventories
Examples of legal arrangements:
International commitment such as UNFCCC decisions to report NCs and BURs on a regular basis
National regulation to commit the national government to prepare GHG inventories on a regular basis
National laws to establish stakeholders the roles and responsibilities
– The national entity or coordinating agency
– GHG inventory team
– Data providers to make data sharing mandatory
– Legal document to establish parameters to be used in the GHG inventory, etc.
Examples of procedural arrangements:
National guidelines that describes the process and schedule for preparing the GHG inventory
National manual that describes the procedural issues in preparing the GHG inventory
– The data/report format
– Rules of procedures
– Issues with confidentiality
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Institutional Arrangements for GHG inventories
Examples of institutional arrangements
Document on assignment of roles and responsibilities
– Establish coordinator responsible for allocation of responsibilities, work plans, rules of procedures etc.
– Arrangements (contracts, MoUs) to ensure sufficient cooperation between stakeholders for timely performance
– Clarify and agree on roles and responsibilities and clearly defined tasks of stakeholders and individuals
Memorandum of Understanding or contract between coordinating Agency and stakeholders to ensure data provision
or other cooperation.
MoU or contract to establish and inter-Ministerial groups.
– GHG inventory preparation team
– Management team
– Technical Committee
– Steering Committee, etc.
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General roles and necessary capacities of institutions
Position General roles Necessary capacities
National Entity
•Responsible for inventory management and planning
•Overall supervision of GHG inventory development
•Management of contracts and delivery of GHG inventory
•Coordination with all stakeholders
•Identification of necessary resources to improve the inventory, specifically
the data
•Technical and administrative expertise, as well as formal government authority •Technical knowledge of the UNFCCC reporting requirements and IPCC methodologies •Capacity to coordinate and lead the process
National Focal
Point •Submission of the GHG inventory •Administrative skills
Data Providers
•Timely delivery of data in appropriate format
•Management of data acquisition, processing and reporting systems, quality
assurance/ quality control requirements
•Communication with national entity
•Technical skills, legal authority to improve and enhance data collection
Independent
Entity •conduct quality assurance activities •Technical skills to review the GHG inventory
GHG Inventory
Team
•Coordination with national entity to prepare the GHG inventory
•Scheduling of tasks and responsibilities
•Review of source data and identification of developments required to
improve GHG inventory data quality
•Documentation and archiving
•Management of QA/QC plans
•Data acquisition, processing and reporting
•Delivery of GHG inventory products
•Technical skills to carry out estimation and draft
inventory report.
•Technical knowledge of the UNFCCC reporting
requirements and IPCC methodologies
Note: some individuals or institutions may belong to more than one position
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Possible institutional setup for GHG inventories
National Focal PointMinistry of Foreign Affairs or theClimate Change Office
Responsible for submission of the GHG inventory
National EntityDepartment of Climate Change in the Ministry of Environment
Responsible for the preparation of the inventory
GHG inventory teamResearch institutions, consultants
Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the inventory
Independent EntityResearch institutions, auditing agencies, consultants
Responsible for reviewing the draft/final inventory
Data ProvidersMinistries, Government agencies, research organizations, regions, private companies, etc.
• responsible for providing input data (AD, EF, parameters) for the inventory
Note: An organogram is useful to show the general roles and responsibilities between organization. However, a document detailing the exact roles and responsibilities is necessary, in addition to clear leadership by the National Entity.
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General roles and necessary capacities of individual team members
Position General role Necessary capacities
Coordinator •provide overall planning, coordination, management and technical oversight of the inventory
•Technical and administrative expertise, as well as formal government authority
Inventory compiler
•Overall data and document management. •Combine sector experts’ work into a cohesive inventory product •Identify an propose ways to resolve cross cutting issues
•Technical knowledge of the UNFCCC reporting requirements and IPCC methodologies •Technical skills to carry out estimation and draft report.
Sector experts
•Undertake research, data collection, calculations, drafting, quality control, archiving, and documentation. •Coordinate with other sector experts to identify and resolve cross sectoral issues
•Technical expertise to carry out estimation and draft report.
QA/QC coordinator •Overall quality assurance / quality control coordination and/or overall data and document management
•A person with administrative expertise
Note: a sector expert could also be the inventory compiler and QA/QC coordinator especially
if there is a limitation of human resources
Ideally, a centralized setup can facilitate knowledge/experience sharing between team members
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Possible allocation of responsibilities of members
function tasks Team member
General planning
1. Define roles and responsibilities IC
2. Define inventory products and milestones IC
3. Establish rules of procedure for inventory preparation IC, COM, SE
4. Draft inventory preparation schedule / work plan IC, COM, SE
5. Establish necessary legal/ institutional arrangements IC
6. Prepare budget IC
Sector specific planning
1. Assess categories, determine priorities SE, COM
2. Establish preparation schedule SE, COM
Sector specific preparation
1. Determine data availability and quality SE
2. Determine methods and compile data SE
3. Conduct emission calculations and complete text sections SE
4. Complete quality assurance/quality control procedures SE, COM, QC
General preparation
1. Undertake key category analysis COM
2. Complete reporting SE, COM
3. Complete documentation and archiving SE, COM, QC
4. Complete inventory improvement strategy SE, COM, IC
Inventory coordinator: IC QA/QC coordinator: QC
Inventory compiler: COM Sector experts: SE
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Possible structure for GHG inventory team
Inventory coordinator
Inventory compiler
Energy Sector working group
Lead sector expert
sector expert
Industrial Processes Sector working group
Lead sector expert
sector expert
Agriculture Sector working group
Lead sector expert
sector expert
Land use Land use change and forestry Sector working
group
Lead sector expert
sector expert
Waste sector working group
Lead sector expert
sector expert
QA/QC Coordinator
Note: one person may be the inventory compiler and QA/QC coordinator. The inventory compiler may
also be the lead expert in one (or more) sector(s)
Working group members need to exchange information freely
to facilitate GHG inventory preparation. Experts of different
working groups also need to share information to identify and
resolve cross cutting issues
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National arrangements Legal arrangements
Institutional arrangements
Procedural arrangements
BUR/NC preparation cycle
Planning
1. Define roles and responsibilities
2. Define products and milestones
3. Establish rules of procedure
4. Draft BUR/NC preparation schedule / work plan
5. Establish necessary national arrangements
6. Prepare budget
7. Determine priorities
Data collection, compilation
1. Determine data availability and quality
2. Collect data and compile reports
3. Undertake quality assurance/quality control procedures
4. Complete reporting
Finalization of BUR/NC
1. Validation of results by national stakeholders
2. Officially approve the BUR/NC products
Documentation/Archiving
1. Ensure regular and systematic documentation and archiving.
Assessment
1. Assess the overall process and identify areas of improvement for the future (short term and long term).
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and National Communications
Legal Arrangements and Procedural Arrangements for BUR/NC
Examples of legal arrangements:
International commitment such as UNFCCC decisions to report NCs and BURs on a regular basis
National regulation to commit the national government to prepare BURs/NCs on a regular basis
National laws to establish stakeholders the roles and responsibilities
– The national entity or coordinating agency
– BUR/NC team
– Data providers to make data sharing mandatory
Examples of procedural arrangements:
National guidelines that describes the process and schedule for preparing the BUR/NC
National manual that describes the procedural issues in preparing the BUR/NC
– The data/report format
– Rules of procedures
– Issues with confidentiality
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and National Communications
Institutional Arrangements for BUR/NC
Examples of institutional arrangements
Document on assignment of roles and responsibilities
– Establish coordinator responsible for allocation of responsibilities, work plans, rules of procedures etc.
– Arrangements (contracts, MoUs) to ensure sufficient cooperation between stakeholders for timely performance
– Clarify and agree on roles and responsibilities and clearly defined tasks of stakeholders and individuals
Memorandum of Understanding or contract between coordinating Agency and stakeholders to ensure data provision
or other cooperation.
MoU or contract to establish and inter Ministerial groups.
– BUR/NC preparation team
– Management team
– Technical Committee
– Steering Committee, etc.
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Possible institutional setup for the BUR/NC
GHG inventory teamResearch institutions, consultants
Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the inventory
Note: An organogram is useful to show the general roles and responsibilities between organization. However, a document detailing the exact roles and responsibilities is necessary, in addition to clear leadership by the National Entity.
General teamResearch institutions, consultants
Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the general sections
Mitigation teamResearch institutions, consultants
Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the mitigation section
Support teamResearch institutions, consultants
Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the support section
Vulnerability/Adaptation teamResearch institutions, consultants
Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the V&A section
National Focal PointMinistry of Foreign Affairs or theClimate Change Office
Responsible for submission of the BUR/NC
National EntityDepartment of Climate Change in the Ministry of Environment
Responsible for the preparation of the BUR/NC
Data Providers Ministries, government agencies, research organizations, regions, private companies, etc
Responsible for providing input data or information for the BUR/NC
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Issues to consider
Developing/Strengthening national arrangements is an ongoing process and may require
several years to establish.
Some of the national arrangements may take longer to establish such as legal arrangements.
The key is to build on past experience and ensure that future processes can be improved.
A critical issue is to identify the most efficient process and draft a rolling work plan for
preparing the GHG inventory, and BUR/NC that can be updated as the Party strengthens its
national arrangements.
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Case Studies - Example of the development of National
Inventory Arrangement -
Part I: National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National
Communications
Section 3
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and National Communications
Japan
Section3: Case Studies - part 1 -
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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
and National Communications
Current National Inventory Arrangement of Japan
Relevant Ministries
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
Private Consultant Companies
UNFCCC Secretariat
Other Stakeholder Organizations
Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry (METI)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT)
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries (MAFF)
Fire and Disaster Management Agency
Ministry of Finance (MOF)
Data request
Data provision
Request for Data Request for QC check of CRF
and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Submission of GHG Inventory
Examination and Approval of Revision
proposal
Committee for the GHG Emissions
Estimation Methods
GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working
Group
Request for QC check of CRF and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES),
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Organization for actual work of
GHG inventory
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
(MHLW)
Submission of GHG Inventory
Data provision
Submission of the draft GHG Inventory
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
(ANRE)
Forestry Agency
Request for revisions of Estimation Methods
Ministry of the Environment,
Other Relevant Divisions
Report of QA results
Request for QA of GHG inventory
Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013)
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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
and National Communications
1) Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
MOE is the single national entity responsible for preparing and submitting Japanese GHG inventory.
MOE manages all inventory compilation process.
MOE requests the relevant ministries/agencies for reviewing draft GHG inventory.
MOE organizes the Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods for improving GHG inventory.
Relevant Ministries
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
Private Consultant Companies
UNFCCC Secretariat
Other Stakeholder Organizations
Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry (METI)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT)
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries (MAFF)
Fire and Disaster Management Agency
Ministry of Finance (MOF)
Data request
Data provision
Request for DataRequest for QC check of CRF
and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Submission of GHG Inventory
Examination and Approval of Revision
proposal
Committee for the GHG Emissions
Estimation Methods
GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working
Group
Request for QC check of CRF and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES),
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Organization for actual work of GHG inventory
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
(MHLW)
Submission of GHG Inventory
Data provision
Submission of the draft GHG Inventory
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
(ANRE)
Forestry Agency
Request for revisions of Estimation Methods
Ministry of the Environment,
Other Relevant Divisions
Report of QA results
Request for QA of GHG inventory
Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013)
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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
and National Communications
2) Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
GIO performs the actual work of inventory compilation, which is responsible for inventory calculations, editing, and the archiving and management of all data.
GIO implements the following work.
collect and archive information and data
request the relevant ministries/agencies to provide necessary data for inventory
estimates GHG emissions
prepare a draft GHG inventory (CRF & NIR)
implement quality assurance/control (QA/QC) activities
make public inventory data … etc.
GIO was established in the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) in June 2002 mainly for preparation of annual GHG inventory.
Relevant Ministries
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
Private Consultant Companies
UNFCCC Secretariat
Other Stakeholder Organizations
Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry (METI)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT)
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries (MAFF)
Fire and Disaster Management Agency
Ministry of Finance (MOF)
Data request
Data provision
Request for DataRequest for QC check of CRF
and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Submission of GHG Inventory
Examination and Approval of Revision
proposal
Committee for the GHG Emissions
Estimation Methods
GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working
Group
Request for QC check of CRF and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES),
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Organization for actual work of GHG inventory
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
(MHLW)
Submission of GHG Inventory
Data provision
Submission of the draft GHG Inventory
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
(ANRE)
Forestry Agency
Request for revisions of Estimation Methods
Ministry of the Environment,
Other Relevant Divisions
Report of QA results
Request for QA of GHG inventory
Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013)
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and National Communications
3) Relevant Ministries
Relevant ministries and agencies have the following roles and responsibilities.
Preparation of activity data, emission factor data, and other data needed for inventory compilation, and submission of the data by the submission deadline.
Quality control (QC) of the data provided to MOE and GIO.
Confirmation and verification of the inventory (CRF, NIR, spreadsheets, and other information) prepared by MOE and GIO.
(When necessary), responding to questions from expert review teams about the statistics controlled by relevant ministries and agencies, or about certain data they have prepared, and preparing comments on draft reviews.
(When necessary), responding to visits by expert review teams.
Relevant Ministries
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
Private Consultant Companies
UNFCCC Secretariat
Other Stakeholder Organizations
Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry (METI)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT)
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries (MAFF)
Fire and Disaster Management Agency
Ministry of Finance (MOF)
Data request
Data provision
Request for DataRequest for QC check of CRF
and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Submission of GHG Inventory
Examination and Approval of Revision
proposal
Committee for the GHG Emissions
Estimation Methods
GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working
Group
Request for QC check of CRF and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES),
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Organization for actual work of GHG inventory
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
(MHLW)
Submission of GHG Inventory
Data provision
Submission of the draft GHG Inventory
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
(ANRE)
Forestry Agency
Request for revisions of Estimation Methods
Ministry of the Environment,
Other Relevant Divisions
Report of QA results
Request for QA of GHG inventory
Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013)
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and National Communications
4) Relevant Organizations
Relevant organizations have the following roles and responsibilities.
Preparation of activity data, emission factor data, and other data needed for inventory compilation, and submission of the data by the submission deadline.
(When necessary), responding to questions from expert review teams about the statistics controlled by relevant organizations, or about certain data they have prepared, and preparing comments on draft reviews.
Relevant Ministries
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
Private Consultant Companies
UNFCCC Secretariat
Other Stakeholder Organizations
Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry (METI)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT)
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries (MAFF)
Fire and Disaster Management Agency
Ministry of Finance (MOF)
Data request
Data provision
Request for DataRequest for QC check of CRF
and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Submission of GHG Inventory
Examination and Approval of Revision
proposal
Committee for the GHG Emissions
Estimation Methods
GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working
Group
Request for QC check of CRF and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES),
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Organization for actual work of GHG inventory
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
(MHLW)
Submission of GHG Inventory
Data provision
Submission of the draft GHG Inventory
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
(ANRE)
Forestry Agency
Request for revisions of Estimation Methods
Ministry of the Environment,
Other Relevant Divisions
Report of QA results
Request for QA of GHG inventory
Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013)
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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
and National Communications
5) Committee for the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation Methods
The role of the Committee for the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation Methods which is organized by MOE is to consider the methods for calculating emissions and removals, consider the selection of parameters such as activity data and emission factors, and approve the revised inventory.
Under the Committee, there are 6 breakout-groups that consider sector-specific issues and the Inventory Working Group (IWG) that consider cross-cutting issues. In addition, Taskforce on NMVOC is set up as an additional group under the IWG, which examines methodologies of NMVOC emissions
The inventory WG and breakout-groups comprise experts in various fields from university, research institution, industrial organization, etc. They consider suggestions for inventory improvement and the suggestions are considered once more by the Committee and approved.
Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods
Energy and Industrial Processes
Transport Agriculture Waste F-gases
(HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3)
Inventory Working Group
LULUCF
Relevant Ministries
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
Private Consultant Companies
UNFCCC Secretariat
Other Stakeholder Organizations
Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry (METI)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT)
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries (MAFF)
Fire and Disaster Management Agency
Ministry of Finance (MOF)
Data request
Data provision
Request for DataRequest for QC check of CRF
and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Submission of GHG Inventory
Examination and Approval of Revision
proposal
Committee for the GHG Emissions
Estimation Methods
GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working
Group
Request for QC check of CRF and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES),
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Organization for actual work of GHG inventory
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
(MHLW)
Submission of GHG Inventory
Data provision
Submission of the draft GHG Inventory
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
(ANRE)
Forestry Agency
Request for revisions of Estimation Methods
Ministry of the Environment,
Other Relevant Divisions
Report of QA results
Request for QA of GHG inventory
NMVOC
Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013)
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and National Communications
6) Private Consultant Companies
Private consultant companies that are contracted by MOE play the following roles based on their contracts.
Quality control (QC) of inventory (CRF, NIR, spreadsheets, and other information) compiled by MOE and GIO.
Providing support for MOE to conduct sub-groups of the Committee for the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation Methods.
(When necessary), providing support for responding to questions from expert review teams.
Relevant Ministries
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
Private Consultant Companies
UNFCCC Secretariat
Other Stakeholder Organizations
Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry (METI)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT)
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries (MAFF)
Fire and Disaster Management Agency
Ministry of Finance (MOF)
Data request
Data provision
Request for DataRequest for QC check of CRF
and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Submission of GHG Inventory
Examination and Approval of Revision
proposal
Committee for the GHG Emissions
Estimation Methods
GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working
Group
Request for QC check of CRF and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES),
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Organization for actual work of GHG inventory
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
(MHLW)
Submission of GHG Inventory
Data provision
Submission of the draft GHG Inventory
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
(ANRE)
Forestry Agency
Request for revisions of Estimation Methods
Ministry of the Environment,
Other Relevant Divisions
Report of QA results
Request for QA of GHG inventory
Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013)
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and National Communications
7) Quality Assurance Working Group (QA-WG)
GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group (QA-WG) is an organization for QA activities, and comprises experts who are not directly involved in inventory compilation.
Its role is to assure inventory quality and to identify places that need improvement by conducting detailed reviews of each emission sources and sinks.
QA-WG was put into place in 2009 in response to the indication from the expert review team that encouraged Japan to improve QA process.
Relevant Ministries
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
Private Consultant Companies
UNFCCC Secretariat
Other Stakeholder Organizations
Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry (METI)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT)
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries (MAFF)
Fire and Disaster Management Agency
Ministry of Finance (MOF)
Data request
Data provision
Request for DataRequest for QC check of CRF
and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Submission of GHG Inventory
Examination and Approval of Revision
proposal
Committee for the GHG Emissions
Estimation Methods
GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working
Group
Request for QC check of CRF and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES),
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Organization for actual work of GHG inventory
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
(MHLW)
Submission of GHG Inventory
Data provision
Submission of the draft GHG Inventory
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
(ANRE)
Forestry Agency
Request for revisions of Estimation Methods
Ministry of the Environment,
Other Relevant Divisions
Report of QA results
Request for QA of GHG inventory
Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013)
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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
and National Communications
History of National Inventory Arrangement of Japan
1992-1996 Beginning of GHG Inventory work in Japan A small inventory team consisting of Environmental Agency + private consultants prepared
inventory with limited assistance from relevant ministries/agencies
1997-1998
Inventory team: Environmental Agency + private consultants An ad hoc expert committee (9 members) was set up to consider revisions to comply with IPCC
Guidelines Relevant ministries/agencies participated in the ad hoc committee.
1999-2001
Inventory team: MOE + consultants An enhanced expert committee (about 60 members) was set up to consider improvements to
the inventory Relationship between ministries/agencies was further enforced, but there was still some walls.
2002-2007
Japan ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002 GIO was established in 2002 (but GIO had only a few members) Inventory team: MOE + GIO + consultants (Consultants mainly prepared a draft inventory) The committee (about 60 members) continued to play a key role The relevant ministries/agencies were involved in the inventory development process more
actively.
2008-
The member of GIO increases gradually. Now is over 10. Inventory team: MOE + GIO + consultants (GIO prepares a draft inventory mainly and
consultants implement QC activities.) QA/QC plan was prepared in 2008 QA-WG was set up in 2009.
Reference: GIO.(2013), Modified from the original materials provided by GIO
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and National Communications
Phase 1 (1992-1994)
Relevant Ministries
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
Private Consultant Companies
UNFCCC Secretariat
Other Stakeholder Organizations
Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry (METI)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT)
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries (MAFF)
Fire and Disaster Management Agency
Ministry of Finance (MOF)
Data request
Data provision
Ad hoc Request for Data
Data provision
Submission of GHG Inventory
Examination and Approval of Revision
proposal
Committee for the GHG Emissions
Estimation Methods
GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working
Group
Request for GHG inventory compilation
Submission of the draft GHG inventory
Environment Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
(MHLW)
Submission of GHG Inventory
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
(ANRE)
Forestry Agency
Request for revisions of Estimation Methods
Ministry of the Environment,
Other Relevant Divisions
Report of QA results
Request for QA of GHG inventory
Reference: GIO.(2013), Modified from the original materials provided by GIO
Small inventory team consisting of
Environmental Agency + private consultants
prepared inventory with limited assistance
from relevant ministries/agencies
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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
and National Communications
Phase 2 (1996-1998)
Relevant Ministries
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
Private Consultant Companies
UNFCCC Secretariat
Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry (METI)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT)
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries (MAFF)
Fire and Disaster Management Agency
Ministry of Finance (MOF) Data request
Data provision
Submission of GHG Inventory
GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working
Group
Request for GHG inventory compilation
Submission of the draft GHG inventory
Environment Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
(MHLW)
Submission of GHG Inventory
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
(ANRE)
Forestry Agency
Ministry of the Environment,
Other Relevant Divisions
Report of QA results
Request for QA of GHG inventory
Examination and Approval of Revision
proposal
Committee for the GHG Emissions
Estimation Methods
Request for revisions of Estimation Methods
Other Stakeholder Organizations
Request for Data Request for QC check
Data provision Request for revision
Reference: GIO.(2013), Modified from the original materials provided by GIO
Committee for the GHG Emissions
Estimation Methods was set up for
developing and improving methodologies of
GHG emissions.
Other stakeholder organizations started to
cooperate to GHG inventory preparation.
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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
and National Communications
Phase 3 (1999-2002)
Relevant Ministries
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
Private Consultant Companies
UNFCCC Secretariat
Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry (METI)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT)
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries (MAFF)
Fire and Disaster Management Agency
Ministry of Finance (MOF) Data request
Data provision
Submission of GHG Inventory
GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working
Group
Request for GHG inventory compilation
Submission of the draft GHG inventory
Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
(MHLW)
Submission of GHG Inventory
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
(ANRE)
Forestry Agency
Ministry of the Environment,
Other Relevant Divisions
Report of QA results
Request for QA of GHG inventory
Examination and Approval of Revision
proposal
Committee for the GHG Emissions
Estimation Methods
Request for revisions of Estimation Methods
Other Stakeholder Organizations
Request for Data Request for QC check
Data provision Request for revision
Reference: GIO.(2013), Modified from the original materials provided by GIO
An enhanced expert committee (about 60
members) was set up to consider
improvements to the inventory.
Relevant ministries/agencies increased, but
there was still some walls.
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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
and National Communications
Phase 4 (2002-2008)
Relevant Ministries
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
Private Consultant Companies
UNFCCC Secretariat
Other Stakeholder Organizations
Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry (METI)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT)
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries (MAFF)
Fire and Disaster Management Agency
Ministry of Finance (MOF)
Data request
Data provision
Request for Data Request for QC check of CRF
and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Submission of GHG Inventory
Examination and Approval of Revision
proposal
Committee for the GHG Emissions
Estimation Methods
GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working
Group
Request for QC check of CRF and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES),
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Organization for actual work of
GHG inventory
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
(MHLW)
Submission of GHG Inventory
Data provision
Submission of the draft GHG Inventory
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
(ANRE)
Forestry Agency
Request for revisions of Estimation Methods
Ministry of the Environment,
Other Relevant Divisions
Report of QA results
Request for QA of GHG inventory
Reference: GIO.(2013), Modified from the original materials provided by GIO
Japan ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002
GIO was established in 2002 (but GIO had
only a few members)
The relevant ministries/agencies were
involved in the inventory development
process more actively.
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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
and National Communications
Phase 5 (2009-)
Relevant Ministries
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
Private Consultant Companies
UNFCCC Secretariat
Other Stakeholder Organizations
Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry (METI)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT)
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries (MAFF)
Fire and Disaster Management Agency
Ministry of Finance (MOF)
Data request
Data provision
Request for Data Request for QC check of CRF
and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Submission of GHG Inventory
Examination and Approval of Revision
proposal
Committee for the GHG Emissions
Estimation Methods
GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working
Group
Request for QC check of CRF and NIR
Request for revision of CRF and NIR
Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES),
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Organization for actual work of
GHG inventory
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
(MHLW)
Submission of GHG Inventory
Data provision
Submission of the draft GHG Inventory
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
(ANRE)
Forestry Agency
Request for revisions of Estimation Methods
Ministry of the Environment,
Other Relevant Divisions
Report of QA results
Request for QA of GHG inventory
Reference: GIO.(2013), Modified from the original materials provided by GIO
The member of GIO increases gradually.
Now is over 10.
Inventory team: MOE + GIO + consultants
(GIO prepares a draft inventory mainly and
consultants implement QC activities.)
QA-WG was set up.
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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
and National Communications
Mongolia
Section3: Case Studies - part 2 -
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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
and National Communications
Background on Mongolia and NC/GHG inventories
Mongolia signed UNFCCC in 1992, and ratified
in1993.
Mongolia submitted two National
Communications to UNFCCC.
Initial National Communication submitted in 2001
Second National Communication submitted in 2010
Mongolia will begin preparation for the 1st
Biennial Update Report (BUR) in 2014.
National Focal PointResponsible for NC submission to UNFCCC
Ministry of Nature, Environment and tourism
Responsible for the compilation of NC and implementatio of QA/QC
Mitigation working
groupmade up of consultants that conducted research and preparation of reports
National Communication Committee
Conduct QA/QC proceduresapproval of the NC
Data Providers
nationalstatistics, government agencies, etc.
Adaptation working group
made up of consultants that conducted research and preparation of reports
Institutional sep up for the Second National Communication
<Ministry of Environment Mongolia. Personal Interview. 2013, 2014.>
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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
and National Communications
The national arrangement for the Second NC
Legal Arrangements
The UNFCCC served as the legal basis for NC preparation.
Legal instrument was adopted to establish the technical working groups and the National
Communication Committee.
The Ministry of Environment contracted most preparation work to consultants.
Institutional arrangements
The roles and responsibilities were assigned by the Ministry of Environment, and there was no legal
instrument describing each role/responsibility.
Ministry level cooperation was not a challenge. Data providers had motivation to cooperate but
institutions have a responsibility to disclose information.
Procedural arrangements
Work plan drafted by the consultants. Also sent to other stakeholders, finally approved by the ministry.
<Ministry of Environment Mongolia. Personal Interview. 2013, 2014.>
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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
and National Communications
Key challenges of preparing the Second NC
Limited capacity of experiences.
Limited experience with the IPCC methodologies
Activity data collection was the main challenge in preparing the NC.
Identifying the necessary data;
The most important challenge was the activity data collection.
Most of the data used was from national statistics but for other data, identifying the data sources was a challenge.
Data collection is not systematic;
Often times, there was no official national statistics or not statistics at all;
Some categories has multiple data sources which showed conflicting data;
It had been 10 years since the initial national communication. Had to start over.
<Ministry of Environment Mongolia. Personal Interview. 2013, 2014.>
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and National Communications
Palau
Section3: Case Studies - part 3 -
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and National Communications
Background on Palau and NC/GHG inventories
Palau ratified the UNFCCC in 1999.
Palau submitted Initial National
Communications in 2002
Palau has completed the SNC draft and is
finalizing it now
Palau will begin preparation for the 1st Biennial
Update Report (BUR) in 2014.
Office for Environmental
Response and CoordinationResponsible for preparation of the National Communication
ConsultantsConduct and research and prepare reports
Data providers
Institutional sep up forthe Second National Communication
<OECD Palau. Personal Interview. 2013.>
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and National Communications
The national arrangements for the Second NC
The legal arrangement
The UNFCCC served as the legal basis for NC preparation.
Contracts made for consultants to do the preparation.
Institutional arrangement
The Office of the President outsourced most work to consultants.
Office of the President: Responsible for compilation and submission.
Consultants: Data collection, emission / projection estimation, drafting reports.
Procedural arrangement
No procedures exist in preparing the NC. Consultant works and drafts the report etc.
Activity data collection. Not systematic. Not sufficient. Not official data. Data conflicting.
Ad hoc. 10 years since the initial national communication. Starting over.
<OECD Palau. Personal Interview. 2013.>
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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,
and National Communications
Key challenges of preparing the Second NC
No human resources: work must be outsourced
Limited capacity of experiences.
Identifying the necessary data; collecting the data, making the estimations;
It had been 10 years since the initial national communication..
In preparing the Initial and Second National Communication, the most important challenge is
that we are starting over.
<OECD Palau. Personal Interview. 2013.>
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and National Communications
Myanmar
Section3: Case Studies - part 4 -
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and National Communications
Background on Myanmar and NC/GHG inventories
Myanmar ratified the UNFCCC in 1994
Myanmar submitted Initial National
Communication in 2012.
National Environmental Conservation CommitteeNational forcal point
Ministry of Environmental Conservation and ForestryResponsible for National Communications
GHG inventory working groups (1)
GHG inventory working groups (2)
GHG inventory working groups (3)
GHG inventory working groups (4)
GHG inventory working groups (5)
GHG inventory working groups (6)
<Technical expert of Myanmar. Personal Interview. 2013.>
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The National Arrangements of INC
The legal arrangement
The UNFCCC served as the legal basis for NC preparation.
Institutional arrangement
The relevant ministries are involved in the preparation of NC not on formal basis but on voluntary basis.
Consultants: Data collection, emission / projection estimation, drafting reports.
Procedural arrangement
No procedures exist in preparing the NC. Participants works and drafts the report etc.
Activity data collection. Not systematic. Not sufficient. Not official data. Data conflicting.
<Technical expert of Myanmar. Personal Interview. 2013.>
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Key challenges in preparing the Initial National Communications
The most serious issue on the preparation of GHG inventory and NC in Myanmar is a domestic system for the
preparation, in short, Institutional Arrangement. Support related to system development so that the involvement
and coordination of related ministries can proceed smoothly is necessary.
Since the power of National coordinator is not strong, it is difficult to manage the relevant ministries and research
institute. In addition, the government has little understanding of the necessity of GHG inventories.
The data collection is difficult. It is ordinary difficult to share data between ministries. The data collection relies on
human network of member of WGs.
<Technical expert of Myanmar. Personal Interview. 2013.>
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Indonesia
Section3: Case Studies - part 5 -
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Background on Indonesia and NC/GHG inventories
Indonesia has signed UNFCCC in 1992, and ratified
in1994
Indonesia submitted two National Communications to
UNFCCC.
Initial National Communication submitted in 1999
Second National Communication submitted in
2011
Indonesia has begun preparation for the 1st BUR and
Third National Communication.
Indonesia is currently working on a capacity building
project with JICA to enhance its capacity to prepare
GHG inventories on a regular basis.
S I G N
Center
Kementerian
Lingkungan Hidup
Kementerian
Perhubungan
Kementerian Pertanian
Kementerian
Perindustrian
DNPI
UNFCCC
Kemenko Kesra
Laporan
Inventarisasi
GRK Nasional
<JICA workshop materials, “workshop on GHG inventories in Indonesia”,2013>
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The Current National Arrangements
The legal arrangement
Presidential Regulation 71 requires Indonesia to prepare GHG inventories on a regular basis.
It also assigns
– The Ministry of Environment as the coordinating agency for GHG inventories.
– Line Ministries to prepare their own sectoral GHG inventories.
– Provinces to prepare its provincial GHG inventory
Institutional arrangement
Although the Presidential Regulation 71 assigns the broad responsibility to Ministries and provinces, the details of the
roles are not articulated in any document.
There is a GHG inventory unit within the Ministry of Environment and an office with the role to compile the national
GHG inventory.
Procedural arrangement
There is a document describing the procedures.
<JICA workshop materials, “workshop on GHG inventories in Indonesia”,2013>
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Key challenges
Lack of coordination between the line Ministries and the coordinating Agency.
Line Ministries have limited experience with the IPCC methods
The data collection is difficult. Disclosing data to other ministries is a challenge.
<JICA workshop materials, “workshop on GHG inventories in Indonesia”,2013>
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Vietnam
Section3: Case Studies - part 6 -
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Background on Vietnam and NC/GHG inventories
Vietnam has signed UNFCCC in 1992, and ratified
in1994.
Vietnam submitted two National Communications to
UNFCCC.
Initial National Communication submitted in
2003
Second National Communication submitted in
2010
Vietnam has begun preparation for the 1st Biennial
Update Report (BUR)
Vietnam is currently working on a capacity building
project with JICA to enhance its capacity to prepare
GHG inventories on a regular basis.
IMHEN/VEA
・Determining methodologies・Preparing estimation files
・Preparing Inventory reports
DMHCCC
National Consultants
Institutions Provinces MinistriesOfficial
Statistics
Technicalsupport
Technicalsupport
Inventory submission
Data provision
Data collection
QC checklistsprovision
TSAG※
Technicaladvice, QC
Oversight of processNational system design
※ Trial Scientific
Advisory Group
<JICA workshop materials, “workshop on GHG inventories in Vietnam”,2013>
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The Current National Arrangements
The legal arrangement
There is no legal document for preparing a national GHG inventory, but the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment is in the process of drafting a legal instrument for preparation of a national GHG inventory.
Institutional arrangement
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is in the process of preparing a legal instrument that will
include information on the roles and responsibilities of all relevant stakeholders.
There are no arrangements between the line Ministries and the coordinating Agency.
Procedural arrangement
There is a general work plan for preparing the GHG inventory. However it is not shared with all stakeholders.
<JICA workshop materials, “workshop on GHG inventories in Vietnam”,2013>
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Key challenges
Lack of coordination between the line Ministries and the coordinating Agency.
The roles and responsibilities of the Ministries are unclear.
The data collection is difficult. Disclosing data to other ministries is a challenge.
<JICA workshop materials, “workshop on GHG inventories in Vietnam”,2013>
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Lao People's Democratic Republic
Section3: Case Studies - part 7 -
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Background on Lao PDR and NC/GHG inventories
Lao PDR signed UNFCCC in 1995, and ratified
in1996
Lao PDR submitted two National
Communications to UNFCCC
Initial National Communication submitted in 2000
Second National Communication submitted in 2013
Lao PDR will begin preparation for the 1st
Biennial Update Report (BUR) in 2014 or 2015
(under discussion). The 1st BUR will be prepared
by using components of 3rd National
Communication which is under preparation and
will be finalized until 2007.
National Environment Committee
Integrating body that provides overall
policies and approval for National GHG
inventory report
Institutional set up for the second National Communication
Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment (MONRE)
Having overall responsibility to provide
guidance and direction
Second NC Project Board
Department of Natural Disaster
Management and Climate Change
Having overall responsibility of
monitoring, supervising and
guiding the TWGs
Energy TWG
Industry TWG
Agriculture TWG
LUCF TWG
Waste TWG
<Ministry of Environment, Laos. Personal Interview. 2014. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of
Lao PDR (2013) “Second National Communication of Climate Change of Lao PDR” (2013).>
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The national arrangement for the Second NC
Legal Arrangements
The UNFCCC served as the legal basis for NC preparation
There is no legal document for preparing a national GHG inventory
The responsible department of Lao PDR* contracted most preparation work to international consultants
Institutional arrangements
The responsible department as the coordinating agency for GHG inventories organizes adhoc Technical Working
Group consist of line ministries for accelateing works related to NC preparation
Ministry level cooperation was a challenge. Data providers had motivation to cooperate but institutions have a
responsibility to disclose information.
Procedural arrangements
No procedures exist in preparing the NC. Consultant works and drafts the report etc.
*Water Resources and Environment Administration (WREA) was responsible department until 2011) and the Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) is responsible Ministry after 2011
<Ministry of Environment, Laos. Personal Interview. 2014. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of
Lao PDR (2013) “Second National Communication of Climate Change of Lao PDR” (2013).>
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Key challenges
The most serious issue on the preparation of NC and GHG inventory is lack of human resources and
capacity of experiences
Lack of human resources who are as trainer in each sector and organize stakeholders in Central and Provincial
Governments
Most of works must be outsourced to domestic and international consultants
Limited experiences of GHG inventory preparation in line with the IPCC methodologies
Adequate and accurate activity data collection, especially in Energy and LUCF (AFOLU) sectors, was also
challenge
Statistics data or database in each sector is also an issue. It is because that Lao PDR had some times of
reorganization of government ministries, then statistics data, especially in past years, are not managed
very well
<Ministry of Environment, Laos. Personal Interview. 2014. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of
Lao PDR (2013) “Second National Communication of Climate Change of Lao PDR” (2013).>
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Findings/Summary
Part I: National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National
Communications
Section 4
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Challenges regarding national arrangements and possible solutions
Common Challenges Possible Solutions
Legal
• No legal instrument to assign roles and
responsibilities
• No legal mandate for institutions to provide data or
information to inventory compiler
• Lacking legal agreements and data-sharing
mandates
• Draft agreement or legal document with clearly defined roles and
responsibilities for the institutions involved .
Procedural
• Limited systems for data management and reporting
starting over.
•Insufficient documentation from previous inventories
• Draft a QA/QC plan, guidelines, or manual with all stakeholders and
revise every cycle as necessary.
• Learn from other countries that have established a well respected data
management systems. Consider bilateral exchanges to share experience .
Institutional
•Unclear roles and responsibilities
• Lack of political will and buy-in from across
stakeholders
• Weak coordination capacity across national
institutions and agencies/ministries
• Difficulty in maintaining expert human resources -
loss of institutional memory and capacity
• Draft agreement or MoU clearly defined roles and responsibilities for the
institutions involved.
• Establish coordination mechanism between governmental departments
• Develop a common understanding of the objectives across all relevant
stakeholders .
• Promote awareness of the UNFCCC requirements and the importance of
GHG inventories.
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Other Challenges and possible solutions
Common Challenges Possible Solutions
Individual
• Lack of human resources: work must be outsourced
• Difficulty in maintaining expert human resources
• Staff institutions sufficiently and provide staff with training on
methodologies .
• Ensure that the GHG inventory, BUR, and NC documents are detailed
and transparent so that the reports can be reproduced by new staff. This
can also be used as training material for incoming staff.
• Promote awareness within government institutions of the importance of
GHG inventories.
Data
• Lack of data
• Ensure that the data providers and the national entities have the
authority to enhance the data collection system by, for example, involving
the Statistics Agency into the GHG inventory process.
• Establish legal arrangements to ensure that necessary data for the GHG
inventory can be collected.
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Other observations
Strengthening the national arrangements for GHG inventories has been a continuous process in Japan,
and has evolved over two decades of experience.
In most countries, the coordination or cooperation between institutions is a key challenge, but in some
countries like Mongolia or Palau, this is not viewed as a barrier.
All countries have data availability issues. However, there is no complete list of missing data or a
prioritization of developing the statistics.
Some countries are in the process of preparing for the regular reporting of BURs and NCs while others are
still considering the way forward.
All countries have an organogram that shows the institutional setup for preparing the GHG inventory,
BURs, and NCs, but most countries do not have a detailed paper or agreement paper that clearly describes
the roles and responsibilities, the schedule, etc. of all stakeholders.
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Developing a roadmap for strengthening national arrangements
Most non Annex I Parties have already prepared GHG inventories and National Communications in the
past. The key issue is to take the arrangements made in the past and strengthen them so comply with the
regular reporting under the UNFCCC.
As stated in an earlier slide, the general functions of national arrangements are of the following:
Legalize/Formalize the commitment to regularly prepare GHG inventories, BURs, and NCs;
Allocate responsibilities among stakeholders;
Ensure cooperation between stakeholders;
Ensure the quality of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs; and
Ensure sustainability of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs preparation process
All functions above must be addressed by the country’s system in order to sustainably prepare the GHG
inventory, BUR, and NC. However, the necessary set of arrangements depends on national circumstances.
Non Annex I Parties have different combinations of arrangements in place, but meeting all components is
a challenge.
Parties need to develop a cycle of reviewing its national arrangements, identify gaps, and develop a
roadmap for strengthening the arrangements.
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Process of enhancing national arrangements
Step1: Carry out Gap Analysis: Assess the current status of the national arrangements to identify the
strengths and weaknesses
Step2: Develop long term plan to strengthen national arrangements taking into consideration national
circumstances and priorities
Step3: Implement the long term plan
Step4: Review the national arrangements and continue to strengthen national arrangements as
necessary, ensuring that the system can comply with any additional requirements of the UNFCCC
provisions.
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Getting Started
Countries will have different requirements and methods to establish national arrangements, depending on
the structure of government, culture, and other national circumstances.
What kinds of arrangements are necessary in your country to ensure the general functions of the national
arrangements (formalize commitments, allocation of responsibilities, ensure cooperation, ensure quality,
ensure sustainability)?
Questions for the national entity
Is a legal instrument necessary to legalize/formalize the commitment to regularly prepare GHG
inventories, BURs, and NCs?
How can clearly defined responsibilities be agreed and allocated among stakeholders?
How can the cooperation between stakeholders be ensured?
How can the quality of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs be assured?
How can the sustainability of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs preparation process be ensured?
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Challenges in enhancing national arrangements
Legal Arrangements: Although legal arrangements are the most stringent type of arrangement, drafting
legal documents and getting them approved or legalized often take a long time, in some countries, years.
Meanwhile, the UNFCCC has biennial deadlines for BURs and waiting for legal documents to go into effect
may not be the best strategy for many countries.
Institutional Arrangements: Most non Annex I Parties have already prepared GHG inventories and
National Communications in the past. The key issue is to take the arrangements made in the past and
strengthen them so comply with the regular reporting under the UNFCCC. Memorandums of
Understanding, contracts, agreement documents may suffice to permanently establish GHG inventory,
BUR/NC institutions and facilitate coordination. A key issue however, is for all stakeholders to buy in and
agree to the roles and responsibilities. This may take some time to discuss and negotiate, but usually will
not take as long as getting a legal document passed.
Procedural Arrangements: Most non Annex I Parties have outsourced much of the GHG inventory, NC
work to independent experts or consultants that produced the deliverables. To institutionalize the
processes, the national entity should contract these experts to produce a document which explains the
processes and methods that the reports were produced so the next team can build on their experiences.
This is an activity that can be done without the coordination of stakeholders, and perhaps most important.
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Organizational Structure
patterns Key points
Centralized teams
Legal arrangements may not be required to allocate responsibilities or determine the rules of procedure. However, there may still be a need for legal documents for data collection. Establishing institutional arrangements is still a high priority for data collection. The procedural arrangements is important to keep institutional memory and also to ensure coordination among the data providers.
Decentralized teams
Legal arrangements may be necessary to ensure coordination between members. This may be time consuming but has binding power. The national entity will need to show leadership to facilitate the agreement on detailed roles and responsibilities, the rules of procedure, etc. Establishing institutional arrangements should be a high priority, but leadership from the national entity is a requisite. The procedural arrangements will be of particular importance to ensure coordination among stakeholders.
Some countries have a centralized organizational structure where GHG inventory team members belong
from a single institution and others have a decentralized system where members are from several
different institutions. The structure will have implications on the necessary arrangements that need to be
in place
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Human resources
patterns Key points
Human resources available ( 3~ people)
It is essential for the team to document all procedural arrangements, particularly a manual or step by step guidelines so that anybody can update the information. For the GHG inventory preparation, the coordinator and the compiler are essential positions to fill to ensure that government institutions have oversight and supervise the preparation process. A single person can be in charge of multiple sectors, for example, energy, industrial processes and energy. Typically, a single person should be in charge of the LULUCF sector as it can be complicated and requires several datasets.
Less than 3 people available
For the GHG inventory preparation, the coordinator and the compiler are essential positions to fill to ensure that government institutions have oversight and supervise the preparation process. If the work is outsourced, the experts should be contracted to document all procedural arrangements, particularly a manual or step by step guidelines so that anybody can update the information.
Although regular reporting of GHG inventories, BURs, and NCs are UNFCCC requirements, some countries
may not have the human resources in government institutions to carry out the activities. Some even have
less human resources and must rely on independent experts or consultants.
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Data / information sharing
patterns Key points
Data collection is a barrier
It may be necessary to establish legal arrangements to ensure the provision of data from government institutions. In this case, it is important to design the arrangement to be flexible in case of a revision of methodologies in the future. Institutional arrangements with the Statistics Agency should be in place to ensure the smooth transfer of data and improvement of the data collection system. Also, information between different working groups are also essential to resolve crosscutting issues.
Data collection is not a barrier
Even if data collection is not a barrier, institutional arrangements may need to be developed between the GHG inventory team or the national entity and the agencies to ensure that the agencies can collect new data according to the inventory needs.
In many countries, data sharing is a serious challenge due to data collectors’ protectiveness of
information.
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Continuous improvement
Key points
Institutional Arrangement
•Establish regular system of review and inventory improvement plan •Set up networks to share lessons learned, disseminate good practices, and instigate peer-to-peer exchange
Methodologies •Use higher IPCC Tier as appropriate
Data Availability & Data Collection Systems
•Review and improve data collection systems to improve completeness and engage all relevant data providers as part of this process
Data Quality •Aim to improve completeness and accuracy of data.
Capacities & Technical Skills
•Improve capacity and technical skills as part of the development plan
Tools & Instruments •Make best use of efficient data collection and process system, ensure team members are trained to use them effectively, update all procedural arrangements
It is important for the national entity and all stakeholders to understand that the GHG inventory is a
continuous process, and that improvements will be made, requiring the team to recalculate past GHG
emissions and also revise any mitigation targets accordingly.
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Tools for preparing GHG inventories, Biennial Update
Reports, National Communications
Part II
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Technical tools for preparing GHG inventories
Part II: Tools for preparing GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National
Communications
Section 1
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GHG inventory products
Need to define
Chapter/sections to be included in BUR/NC: what elements will be included in the report? What structure will the
chapter/sections follow?
Inventory report: how detailed? What language? What information to include?
Spreadsheet tables
How detailed will the spreadsheets be organized?
Will the team use the inventory software or an original software/spreadsheet system?
How will the team organize the data?
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UNFCCC requirements
IPCC Guidelines are used to estimate emissions/removals for ALL national GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC.
Requirements for Annex I and non Annex I Parties are different.
According to the UNFCCC Reporting Guidelines…
Annex I Parties:
shall use the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
shall also use the IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
(2000) and the Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (2003).
shall use the 2006 IPCC Guidelines starting 2015
Non Annex I Parties:
Should use the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Encouraged to apply the IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories (2000)
(note: Although not mentioned in the UNFCCC reporting guidelines, non Annex I Parties are not forbidden to use the
2006 IPCC Guidelines)
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List of available references and tools
Source Detail
Management Reporting
UNFCCC decisions Various guidance and training documents available to help with compilation of an inventory. Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) has published several training documents on the UNFCCC website.
Technical Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
An Excel-based software has been developed to support Parties in the compilation of their GHG inventory and national communication. In general, the Software uses Tier 1 methodologies for estimating GHG emissions and removals for all source categories described in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
Reporting Technical
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Guidelines for national GHG inventories and good practice guidance. The IPCC also has developed a software for the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
Reporting US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Provides templates which can be worked through to help develop an inventory cycle (such as QA/QC, Key category analysis, documentation, archiving)
Technical International Energy Agency (IEA) Various country specific data including fuel balances are available.
Technical Colorado State University - more information available here.
Agricultural and Land Use software, for estimating emission reductions from deforestation and forest degradation
Technical Global Observation for Forest and Land Cover Dynamics
Draft “sourcebook” to explain, clarify, and provide methodologies to support REDD actions and mechanisms, to build national REDD monitoring systems
Management National Communications Support Programme
Managing the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Process
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Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
The Reporting Instructions (Volume 1) provides step-by-step directions for assembling, documenting
and transmitting completed national inventory data consistently, regardless of the method used to
produce the estimates. These instructions are intended for all users of the IPCC Guidelines and
provide the primary means of ensuring that all reports are consistent and comparable.
The Workbook (Volume 2) contains suggestions about planning and getting started on a national
inventory for participants who do not have a national inventory available already and are not
experienced in producing such inventories. It also contains step-by-step instructions for calculating
emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), as well as some other trace gases, from six
major emission source categories. It is intended to help experts in as many countries as possible to
start developing inventories.
The Reference Manual (Volume 3) provides a compendium of information on methods for estimation
of emissions for a broader range of greenhouse gases and a complete list of source types for each. It
summarizes a range of possible methods for many source types. It also provides summaries of the
scientific basis for the inventory methods recommended and gives extensive references to the
technical literature.
<http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs1.html>
Note: All sector experts should read these technical guidelines.
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IPCC Good Practice Guidance for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
The IPCC Good Practice Guidance provides guidance on:
Choice of methods, emission factors and activity data
Reporting and documentation
Identification of key source categories
Uncertainty Assessment
Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) etc.
< http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gp/english/ >
The GPG-LULUCF is consistent with the existing good practice guidance for the other
sector and addresses:
Choice of estimation method within the context of the IPCC Guidelines;
Quality assurance and quality control procedures to provide cross-checks during the
inventory compilation;
Data and information to be documented, archived and reported to facilitate review and
assessment of inventory estimates;
Quantification of uncertainties at the source or sink category level and for the inventory
as a whole, so that resources available can be directed toward reducing uncertainties
over time, and the improvement can be tracked.
<http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gpglulucf/gpglulucf.html>
Note: All sector experts should read these technical guidelines
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2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting: describes the basic steps in
inventory development and offers the general guidance in greenhouse gas
emissions and removals estimates.
Volumes 2: Energy sector
Volume 3: Industrial Processes and product use sector
Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry, and land use sector
Volume 5: Waste sector
<http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html>
Note: All sector experts should read these guidelines if preparing the GHG inventory based on the
2006 IPCC Guidelines.
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UNFCCC non-Annex I Greenhouse Gas Inventory Software
The software package consists of the following 8 files
The individual sheets of the Excel workbooks are protected so that only relevant cells can be modified
START.XLS
OVERVIEW.XLS
MODULE1.XLS
MODULE2.XLS
MODULE4.XLS
MODULE5.XLS
MODULE5B.XLS
MODULE6.XLS
:the start up sheet
:the overview table for national greenhouse gas inventories Key category analysis
:calculation sheet for Energy
:calculation sheet for industrial process
:calculation sheet for Land-Use Change and Forestry
:calculation sheet for Agriculture
:calculation sheet for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
:calculation sheet for Waste
<https://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_national_communications/non-annex_i_inventory_software/items/7627.php>
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UNFCCC non-Annex I Greenhouse Gas Inventory Software
Input figure
A×B
Input figure C-D
E×F
<Calculating GHG emission for the national inventory>
Example: CH4 emission from Underground Mines (Post-mining Activities)
<https://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_national_communications/non-annex_i_inventory_software/items/7627.php>
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IPCC software
The IPCC Inventory Software implements the simplest Tier 1 methods in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories and as such is useful to users of all versions of the IPCC Guidelines.
This software has a number of improvements over earlier software for the Revised 1996 Guidelines, including:
Standalone software that does not require any additional software or internet access
Covers all inventory categories but can also be used for management of specific sectors
Allows different parts of the inventory to be developed simultaneously
Data entry in worksheets following 2006 IPCC Guidelines for ease-of-use
Provides default data from 2006 IPCC Guidelines but gives users the flexibility to use their own country-specific information
Example of energy background table
<http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/software/>
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An example Structure of National GHG Inventory File System
Multiple MS Excel files can be used to estimate emissions and removals.
For example, files can be organized into 4 Level based on the function.
Level 1
Input Data and Primary Calculations
Level 2
Calculations of Activity Data and Emission Factors
Level 3
Calculations of Emissions
Level 4
CRF & Verification
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Software vs. Spreadsheets
Developing own Hierarchical Structure Using Software
Pros
• Can choose methodologies to calculate emission which is most appropriate for the country.
• Can change structure of files and the methodologies of calculation easily.
• It helps to save resources( in particular time)
• It facilitates the reporting to the UNFCCC, as well as the management of data
cons
• The methods need to be determined before developing structure of files.
• Developing hierarchical structure takes time and effort compared to using software.
• It provides Tier 1 methodologies only. Customizing is difficult.
• Can be difficult to manage one file simultaneously at the same time.
• Software errors sometimes happen.
The GHG inventory team and the national entity should discuss the data management methods and procedures to
ensure that the data system is manageable and flexible enough for the users.
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Templates for documentation
template contents
Institutional Arrangements for National Inventory Systems
Assists inventory teams in assessing and documenting the strengths and weaknesses of existing institutional arrangements and to help plan arrangements for future inventory development.
Methods and Data Documentation
Assists inventory teams in documenting and reporting the origin of methodologies, activity datasets, and emission factors used to estimate emissions or removals.
Description of Quality Assurance and Quality Control Procedures
Guides countries through the establishment of a cost-effective QA/QC program to improve transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness, and confidence in national GHG inventories.
Description of Archiving System Facilitates reproducing and updating GHG emission estimates to be easily recreated, safeguards against data and information loss, and facilitates development of subsequent inventories by future inventory staff.
Key Category Analysis Identifies the sources and/or sinks that have the greatest contribution to national emissions, and thus should be the focus of improvement efforts.
National Inventory Improvement Plan
Synthesizes findings and describes specific priorities for future capacity-building projects based on the needs identified in the first five templates, and facilitates continual inventory improvements.
Pre-defined National System Templates can be used as a starting point to manage the GHG inventory preparation
information.
<http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/EPAactivities/internationalpartnerships/capacity-building.html#National>
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US EPA Template
Role Name Organization Contact Information Comments
Inventory Director/Coordinator
Energy Sector Lead
Industrial Processes Lead
Agriculture Sector Lead
LULUCF Sector Lead
Waste Sector Lead
Archive (Data and Document)
Manager/Coordinator
QA/QC coordinator
Uncertainty Analysis coordinator
Other: e.g., GHG Policy Specialist
who tracks capacity building efforts
and IPCC processes
A major component of U.S. EPA's approach is to build sustainable national GHG inventory management
systems using the pre-defined National System Templates as a starting point. Completed templates can be
compiled into a single National Inventory System Report, which provides a comprehensive documentation
of each critical component for managing development of the GHG inventory development process.
National Inventory Management Team
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Example outline for national GHG inventory report
1. Introduction
Background information on greenhouse gas
inventories and climate change
Description of the national system of GHG inventory
preparation
Process of inventory preparation
General description of methodologies and data
sources used
2. General trends
Description and interpretation of emission trends for
aggregated greenhouse gas emissions
Description and interpretation of emission trends by
gas
Description and interpretation of emission trends by
category
3. Sectors
Institutional arrangements for GHG inventory
preparation
Overview of Sector
Category description
– Overview of category
– Methodology
– Activity data
– Emission factor
– Emission/Removal result
– Improvements
Note: this is an example outline of a national
GHG inventory report as a standalone report.
When included in the BUR or NC, the
contents will be summarized
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Training materials for the GHG inventory
Material contents
Cross cutting Information on Cross-cutting issues such as • National arrangements • Building sustainable national GHG inventory management systems • IPCC EFDB • Key category analysis • Uncertainty assessment • Quality assurance/quality control procedures • Data gaps
Sector specific Energy (Fuel combustion and fugitive emissions), Industrial Processes, Agriculture, LULUCF, Waste - Overview explanation - Handbook - introduction to software - training exercises - Test
There are several CGE training materials available on the UNFCCC website.
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Technical tools for preparing Biennial Update Reports
and National Communications
Part II: Tools for preparing GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National
Communications
Section 2
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BUR/NC products
BURs
No detailed guidelines on the format and content specific to BURs exist, but BURs are summaries or more frequent
updates of NCs. Thus, the UNFCCC guidelines for the preparation of national communications for non-Annex I Parties
and its user manual should be used for reporting.
NCs
National circumstances
National GHG inventory
General description of steps taken or envisaged to implement the Convention
Other information considered relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention
Constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity needs
Other information
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UNFCCC requirements
For GHG inventory preparation, there are clear guidelines and rules that must be followed.
However, this is not the case for the other components of the BUR and NC such as steps taken or
envisaged to implement the Convention, constraints and gaps, and financial, technical and
capacity needs.
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List of available tools and references
Source Detail
Reporting management
UNFCCC decisions •Various guidance and training documents available to help with compilation of an inventory. Information from Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) workshops also available.
Technical Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)
•Institutional arrangements for the preparation of national communications and BURs on a continuous basis •Mitigation actions and their effects, including associated methodologies and assumptions; •Constraints and gaps and related financial, technical and capacity needs, including a description of the support needed and received and information on the level of support received to enable the preparation and submission of BURs.
Technical GHG Protocol •Policies and Actions Accounting and Reporting Standard •Mitigation Goals Accounting and Reporting Standard
Technical National Communications Support Programme
•Toolkit for Designing Climate Change Adaptation Initiatives (UNDP) •Guidance on the Development of Regional Climate Scenarios for Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments (Dr. Xianfu Lu, NCSP)
There are several references for the components of the BUR and NC, however there are few comprehensive documents
that can be used as guidelines for all Parties.
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Training materials for the NC/BUR
Material Contents
Mitigation Assessments
Mitigation in Context of National Communications and the UNFCCC Mitigation Assessment: Concepts, Structure and Steps Mitigation Options, Issues and Barriers by Sector Mitigation Analysis: Methods and Tools Reporting on Mitigation in National Communications Building national arrangements for the mitigation assessment Exercises
Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments
•Vulnerability and adaptation frameworks •Baseline socioeconomic scenarios •Climate change scenarios •Sector specific handbook and overview - Coastal resources - Water resources - Agriculture - Human health - Integration - Communication
User manual For use by Parties and experts responsible for preparation of the NCs, and also by national climate change teams or committees that facilitate coordination, organization, management of tasks/activities.
There are several CGE training materials available on the UNFCCC website. The CGE has also developed a users manual
for NC preparation that can be referenced for BUR preparation.
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References
I. Reporting and review for Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC
UNFCCC.(1999) “Guidelines for the preparation of national communications
by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part II: UNFCCC
reporting guidelines on national communications” (Decision 4/CP.5)
UNFCCC. (2011) Decision 2/CP.17. Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc
Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the
Convention, FCCC/CP/2011/9/Add.1. Available at
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2011/cop17/eng/09a01.pdf.
UNFCCC.(2012) “Common tabular format for "UNFCCC biennial reporting
guidelines for developed country Parties"” (Decision 19/CP.18)
UNFCCC. (2013a) Revision of the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual
inventories for Parties included in Annex I to the Convention (Decision
24/CP.19)
UNFCCC. (2013b) “Use of the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse
gas inventors and revision of the UNFCCC reporting guidelines for
Annex I Parties to the Convention” Available at
http://unfccc.int/national_reports/annex_i_ghg_inventories/reporting
_requirements/items/5333.php
UNFCCC. (2013c) “Guidelines for the technical review of information
reported under the Convention related to greenhouse gas inventories,
biennial reports and national communications by Parties included in
Annex I to the Convention” (Decision 23/CP.19, Annex)
II. Reporting and review for non-Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC
UNFCCC. (2002) “Guidelines for the preparation of national
communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the
Convention” (Decision 17/CP.8)
UNFCCC. (2011) Decision 2/CP.17. Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc
Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the
Convention, FCCC/CP/2011/9/Add.1. Available at
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2011/cop17/eng/09a01.pdf.
UNFCCC. (2013d) “Composition, modalities and procedures of the team of
technical experts under international consultations and analysis”
(Decision 20/CP.19, Annex)
III. Functions and Requirements of national inventory arrangements
UNFCCC.(2005) “Guidelines for national systems under Article 5, paragraph
1, of the Kyoto Protocol” (Decision 19/CMP.1)
National Communications Support Programme (2005) “Managing the
National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Process”
Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications From Parties
not Included in Annex I to the Convention (CGE), “Handbook on
Building Sustainable National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management
Systems”
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References
IV. Case Studies - Example of the development of National Inventory
Arrangement -
GIO.(2013) “The Development of Japan’s National System”, Elsa Hatanaka,
The 11th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia, 5th - 7th, July, 2013
MOE, GIO.(2013) “National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of JAPAN
(2013)”
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Lao PDR (2013) "Second
National Communication of Climate Change of Lao PDR" (2013).
Mongolia, Palau, Laos, Myanmar, Laos government. Personal Interviews.
2013, 2014.
JICA workshop materials, “workshop on GHG inventories in Indonesia”,
“workshop on GHG inventories in Vietnam”2013 .
V. Findings/ Summary
none
VI. Tools for preparing GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National
Communications
IPCC (1996) “Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories”
IPCC (2000) “Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories”
IPCC (2003)“Good Practice Guidance for Land Use Land-Use Change and
Forestry”
IPCC (2006) “2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories”
IPCC Inventory Software, http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/software/
MOE, GIO.(2013) “National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of JAPAN
(2013)”
EPA, USAID (2011), “Developing a National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
System”
Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications from Parties
not included in Annex I to the Convention (CGE),
https://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-
annex_i_natcom/cge/items/2608.php
Copyright (C)2014 Ministry of the Environment Japan. All Rights Reserved.
Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories,
Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications
Version 2.1 , June 2014
This has been developed as part of the project below:
Ministry of the Environment, Japan “Feasibility Studies on
Joint Crediting Mechanism Projects towards
Environmentally Sustainable Cities in Asia"(2013FY)
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