Review for assessmentThe Nerve of You!!!
Parts of the neuron
3 types of neurons1. Sensory neuron – picks up a sense
and carries it towards brain.a) sight – optic nerve
b) touch – pain, pressure, temp.
c) taste – taste buds
d) smell – olfactory bulb
e) sound - cochlea
2. Motor Neuron -- connects from brain to your muscles for MOVEMENT
a) voluntary – choose
b) involuntary – automatic!!
Notes for journal•3. interneuron – connects other neurons together
Main Parts of the nervous system
1.CNS –central nervous systemBRAIN!!!!!Spinal chord
2. PNS – Peripheral Nervous SystemNerves – sensory, motor, interneuron
The Gap between 2 nervesThe gap between 2 neurons is called the synapse.
Chemicals called neurotransmitters are released from the axon of one neuron and picked up by the dendrites of the next cell to continue the message
#4
The Nervous SystemCan you now -Identify what roles different parts of
the central nervous system play in behavior?
PERIPHERAL
Autonomic Somatic
Parasympathetic Sympathetic
Brain
CENTRAL
Spinal Cord
What is the difference?Parasympathetic –
REST
AND DIGEST
Sympathetic –
FIGHT
OR
FLIGHT
Chemical Communication: Neurotransmission
Endorphins PROMOTE pleasure.
Endorphins REDUCE pain.PLEASU
REPAIN
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FYI - Dopamine is an endorphin
3 main parts of the brain and their jobsCerebrum – thinkingCerebellum – movementBrainstem – life functions like heartbeat
Homeostasis -
ability to regulate ( keep the same) internal functions.
Responding to stimuli to “save” yourself
This hurtsI’m hungryI’m thirstyI’m tiredI’m hotI’m cold
neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters function:•Dopamine for reducing pain and motor function•Serotonin - sleep patterns, hunger•Glutamate - learning, memories•GABA - inhibits other neurotransmitters and “slows” responses
Inhibitory neurotransmitters “block” other transmitters
Mouse lab – how drugs effect brain and bodyHeroin – blocks inhibitory transmitter so too much dopamine released.
very addictive and “do not care” attitudeEcstasy - reverses serotonin pathway. Do not sleep or eat
Marijuana - blocks inhibitory transmitter so too much dopamine released in areas of brain that control reactions, mood and hunger
Meth – acts like dopamine. Addictive
Alcohol – Effects GABA ( motor skills) and Glutamate (memory/learning)
Cocaine – blocks dopamine uptake (so too much dopamine in synapse)
LSD- serotonin , completely out of it and hallucinate
Types of disorders/injuries – extremely simplified1. Concussion -injury, brain knocks against skull2. Stroke- blocked or burst blood vein in brain. Act FAST3. ALS- degenerative disease, loose ability to swallow, talk, then walk. 3-5 yrs4. Parkinson's - degenerative disease, causes tremors (shaking)5. Encephalitis - infection of fluid around brain spinal chord, curable
6. Epilepsy - overactive brain (short circuits) causes seizures , meds7. Multiple Sclerosis – attacks myelin. Degenerative muscle weakness, no cure8. Meningitis - infection viral or bacterial of membrane around brain, curable but may have long term damage9. Polio. Virus, causes paralysis, vaccine for it, not curable1o. Alzheimer’s – tangles and plagues in brain destroy memories newest first then older ones and ability to think/reason
Types of disorders/injuries – extremely simplified
Reflex
• Sensory neurons pickup "problem" • Send signal to CNS, spinal chord responds back through motor
neurons • Signal still goes to brain but response is already happening • “When it happens before you ‘know it’”
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