Review for assessmentThe Nerve of You!!!

Parts of the neuron

3 types of neurons1. Sensory neuron – picks up a sense

and carries it towards brain.a) sight – optic nerve

b) touch – pain, pressure, temp.

c) taste – taste buds

d) smell – olfactory bulb

e) sound - cochlea

2. Motor Neuron -- connects from brain to your muscles for MOVEMENT

a) voluntary – choose

b) involuntary – automatic!!

Notes for journal•3. interneuron – connects other neurons together

Main Parts of the nervous system

1.CNS –central nervous systemBRAIN!!!!!Spinal chord

2. PNS – Peripheral Nervous SystemNerves – sensory, motor, interneuron

The Gap between 2 nervesThe gap between 2 neurons is called the synapse.

Chemicals called neurotransmitters are released from the axon of one neuron and picked up by the dendrites of the next cell to continue the message

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The Nervous SystemCan you now -Identify what roles different parts of

the central nervous system play in behavior?

PERIPHERAL

Autonomic Somatic

Parasympathetic Sympathetic

Brain

CENTRAL

Spinal Cord

What is the difference?Parasympathetic –

REST

AND DIGEST

Sympathetic –

FIGHT

OR

FLIGHT

Chemical Communication: Neurotransmission

Endorphins PROMOTE pleasure.

Endorphins REDUCE pain.PLEASU

REPAIN

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FYI - Dopamine is an endorphin

3 main parts of the brain and their jobsCerebrum – thinkingCerebellum – movementBrainstem – life functions like heartbeat

Homeostasis -

ability to regulate ( keep the same) internal functions.

Responding to stimuli to “save” yourself

This hurtsI’m hungryI’m thirstyI’m tiredI’m hotI’m cold

neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters function:•Dopamine for reducing pain and motor function•Serotonin - sleep patterns, hunger•Glutamate - learning, memories•GABA - inhibits other neurotransmitters and “slows” responses

Inhibitory neurotransmitters “block” other transmitters

Mouse lab – how drugs effect brain and bodyHeroin – blocks inhibitory transmitter so too much dopamine released.

very addictive and “do not care” attitudeEcstasy - reverses serotonin pathway. Do not sleep or eat

Marijuana - blocks inhibitory transmitter so too much dopamine released in areas of brain that control reactions, mood and hunger

Meth – acts like dopamine. Addictive

Alcohol – Effects GABA ( motor skills) and Glutamate (memory/learning)

Cocaine – blocks dopamine uptake (so too much dopamine in synapse)

LSD- serotonin , completely out of it and hallucinate

Types of disorders/injuries – extremely simplified1. Concussion -injury, brain knocks against skull2. Stroke- blocked or burst blood vein in brain. Act FAST3. ALS- degenerative disease, loose ability to swallow, talk, then walk. 3-5 yrs4. Parkinson's - degenerative disease, causes tremors (shaking)5. Encephalitis - infection of fluid around brain spinal chord, curable

6. Epilepsy - overactive brain (short circuits) causes seizures , meds7. Multiple Sclerosis – attacks myelin. Degenerative muscle weakness, no cure8. Meningitis - infection viral or bacterial of membrane around brain, curable but may have long term damage9. Polio. Virus, causes paralysis, vaccine for it, not curable1o. Alzheimer’s – tangles and plagues in brain destroy memories newest first then older ones and ability to think/reason

Types of disorders/injuries – extremely simplified

Reflex

• Sensory neurons pickup "problem" • Send signal to CNS, spinal chord responds back through motor

neurons • Signal still goes to brain but response is already happening • “When it happens before you ‘know it’”