Modified from: Modified from: www.pptpalooza.netwww.pptpalooza.net
OverviewOverview
• Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
• First settlement = Jamestown 1607• Tobacco and rice became the cash crop.• These crops grown on large plantations
with slave labor.• Religion = not a large concern• House of Burgesses was first
representative government in the New World.
VirginiaVirginiaVirginiaVirginia
Late 1606 Virginia Company sends out 3 ships
May 24, 1607 May 24, 1607 about 100 colonists about 100 colonists [all men] land at Jamestown, along [all men] land at Jamestown, along banks of James Riverbanks of James River
Easily defended, but swarming with Easily defended, but swarming with disease-causing mosquitoes.disease-causing mosquitoes.
1607 -England Settles 1607 -England Settles JamestownJamestown
1607 -England Settles 1607 -England Settles JamestownJamestown
Jamestown Jamestown Settlement, 1609Settlement, 1609
Jamestown Jamestown Settlement, 1609Settlement, 1609
Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement Map Map
Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement Map Map
Jamestown HousingJamestown HousingJamestown HousingJamestown Housing
Jamestown Jamestown SettlementSettlementJamestown Jamestown SettlementSettlement
Jamestown Chapel, Jamestown Chapel, 16111611
Jamestown Chapel, Jamestown Chapel, 16111611
Settlers died by the dozens! Settlers died by the dozens!
Mosquitoes in the swampy area Mosquitoes in the swampy area carried many diseases. carried many diseases.
““Gentlemen” colonists would not Gentlemen” colonists would not work themselves.work themselves.
Game in forests & fish in river Game in forests & fish in river uncaught.uncaught.
Settlers wasted time looking for gold Settlers wasted time looking for gold instead of hunting or farming.instead of hunting or farming.
The Jamestown The Jamestown NightmareNightmare
The Jamestown The Jamestown NightmareNightmare
High Mortality RatesHigh Mortality RatesHigh Mortality RatesHigh Mortality Rates
The “Starving Time”:The “Starving Time”:1607: 104 colonists1607: 104 colonists
By spring, 1608: 38 survivedBy spring, 1608: 38 survived
1609: 300 more immigrants1609: 300 more immigrants
By spring, 1610: 60 survivedBy spring, 1610: 60 survived
1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants
1624 population: 1,2001624 population: 1,200
Adult life expectancy: 40 yearsAdult life expectancy: 40 years
Death of children before age 5: Death of children before age 5: 80%80%
Relations between Indians & settlers Relations between Indians & settlers grew poor.grew poor.
General mistrust because of different General mistrust because of different cultures & languages.cultures & languages.
English raided Indian food supplies English raided Indian food supplies during the starving times.during the starving times.
Culture Clash in the Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake
Culture Clash in the Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake
John RolfeJohn RolfeJohn RolfeJohn Rolfe
What finally made the colony What finally made the colony prosperous??prosperous??
Tobacco PlantTobacco PlantTobacco PlantTobacco Plant
Virginia’s Virginia’s gold gold and and silversilver.. -- John Rolfe, 1612 -- John Rolfe, 1612
Tobacco’s effect on Virginia’s Tobacco’s effect on Virginia’s economy:economy:
Vital role in putting Virginia on a Vital role in putting Virginia on a firm economic footing.firm economic footing.
Ruinous to soil when continuously Ruinous to soil when continuously planted.planted.
Chained Virginia’s economy to a Chained Virginia’s economy to a single crop.single crop.
Tobacco promoted the use of the Tobacco promoted the use of the plantation system.plantation system.
Need for cheap, abundant labor.Need for cheap, abundant labor.
Virginia: “Child of Virginia: “Child of Tobacco”Tobacco”
Virginia: “Child of Virginia: “Child of Tobacco”Tobacco”
VirginiaVirginiaHouse of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses
VirginiaVirginiaHouse of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses The House of Burgesses established in established in 16191619 & began to & began to assume the role of the House of assume the role of the House of Commons in EnglandCommons in England
By the end of the 17By the end of the 17cc, House of , House of Burgesses was able to initiate Burgesses was able to initiate legislation.legislation.
House of Burgesses was the first House of Burgesses was the first representative government in the representative government in the New World.New World.
Growing Political PowerGrowing Political PowerGrowing Political PowerGrowing Political Power
James I grew hostile to VirginiaJames I grew hostile to Virginia
He hated tobacco.He hated tobacco.
He distrusted the House of He distrusted the House of Burgesses. Burgesses.
1624 1624 he revoked the charter of he revoked the charter of the bankrupt Virginia Company.the bankrupt Virginia Company.
Thus, Virginia became a royal Thus, Virginia became a royal colony, under the king’s direct colony, under the king’s direct control!control!
Think they liked that after making Think they liked that after making their own decisions?their own decisions?
Virginia Becomes a Royal Virginia Becomes a Royal ColonyColony
Virginia Becomes a Royal Virginia Becomes a Royal ColonyColony
The Atlantic Slave TradeThe Atlantic Slave Trade
““Triangular Trade”Triangular Trade”
The Atlantic Slave TradeThe Atlantic Slave Trade
““Triangular Trade”Triangular Trade”
Sugar
Rum
Slaves
Beginning in 1662 Beginning in 1662 “Slave Codes”“Slave Codes”
Made blacks [and their children] Made blacks [and their children] property, or property, or chattelchattel for life of white for life of white masters.masters.
In some colonies, it was a crime to In some colonies, it was a crime to teach teach a slave to read or write.a slave to read or write.
Colonial SlaveryColonial SlaveryColonial SlaveryColonial Slavery
MarylandMarylandMarylandMaryland
A royal charter wasA royal charter wasgranted to Georgegranted to GeorgeCalvert, Lord Calvert, Lord Baltimore,Baltimore,in 1632.in 1632.
A A proprietary proprietary colony colony created in 1634.created in 1634.
A healthier locationA healthier locationthan Jamestown.than Jamestown.
His plan was to govern as an absentee His plan was to govern as an absentee proprietor in a feudal relationship.proprietor in a feudal relationship.
Huge tracts of land granted to his Catholic Huge tracts of land granted to his Catholic relatives.relatives.
The Settlement of The Settlement of MarylandMaryland
The Settlement of The Settlement of MarylandMaryland
St Mary’s City St Mary’s City (1634)(1634)St Mary’s City St Mary’s City (1634)(1634)
Currency in Early Currency in Early MarylandMaryland
Currency in Early Currency in Early MarylandMaryland
Baltimore permitted high degree of Baltimore permitted high degree of freedom of worship in order to prevent freedom of worship in order to prevent repeat of persecution of Catholics by repeat of persecution of Catholics by Protestants.Protestants.
High number of Protestants threatened High number of Protestants threatened because of overwhelming rights given to because of overwhelming rights given to Catholics.Catholics.
Toleration Act of 1649Toleration Act of 1649 Supported by the Catholics in MD.Supported by the Catholics in MD.
Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.
Decreed death to those who denied the Decreed death to those who denied the divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].
In one way, it was less tolerant than In one way, it was less tolerant than before the law was passed!!before the law was passed!!
A Haven for CatholicsA Haven for CatholicsA Haven for CatholicsA Haven for Catholics
The Carolinas
The Carolinas
The West Indies The West Indies Way Way Station to Mainland Station to Mainland
AmericaAmerica
The West Indies The West Indies Way Way Station to Mainland Station to Mainland
AmericaAmerica1670 a group of small English farmers from the West Indies arrived in Carolina.
Had been squeezed out by sugar barons.
Brought a few black slaves and a model of the Barbados slave code with them.
Named for King Charles II.
The King granted Carolina to 8 supporters [Lord Proprietors].
Port of Charles Port of Charles Town, SCTown, SC
Port of Charles Port of Charles Town, SCTown, SC
Also named for King Charles II of England.
Became the busiest port in the South.
City with aristocratic feel.
Religious toleration attracted diverse inhabitants.
The primary export.
Rice was still an exotic food in England.
Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West African slaves.
These slaves had a genetic trait that made them immune to malaria.
By 1710 black slaves were a majority in Carolina.
Crops of Crops of the the Carolinas: Carolinas: RiceRice
Crops of Crops of the the Carolinas: Carolinas: RiceRice
American Long American Long Grain RiceGrain Rice
Crops of theCrops of theCarolinas: Carolinas:
IndigoIndigo
Crops of theCrops of theCarolinas: Carolinas:
IndigoIndigoIn colonial times, the main use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads that were woven into cloth for clothes.
Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.
The Emergence of North The Emergence of North CarolinaCarolina
The Emergence of North The Emergence of North CarolinaCarolina
Distinctive traits of North Carolinians
Small farms rather than large plantations.
Irreligious & hospitable to pirates.
Strong spirit of resistance to authority.
1712 NC officially separated from SC.
GeorgiaGeorgia
Georgia--The “Buffer” Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyColony
Georgia--The “Buffer” Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyColony
Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia:
As a “buffer” between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana.
Received subsidies from British govt. to offset costs of defense.
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