Note Card #1 Front Back 1607 Jamestown, first English colony.

Note Card #1 Front Back

1607Jamestown,

first English colony

Note Card #2Front Back

New England Colonies

Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island,

New Hampshire


New England: Economy

Fish, relied on trade rather than farming because of

cool temperatures, short farming

season


New England: Politics

Mayflower Compact (doc) – 1620

Pilgrims, self-governing, and

majority ruleFundamental

Orders of Connecticut-1st written

Constitution in the colonies


New England:Social

People seeking religious

freedom, Pilgrims – Separate from

Church of England, Puritans – Purify Church

of England


Middle

Colonies

New York

Pennsylvania

Delaware

New Jersey


Middle Colonies:

Economic

Trade, and mainly wheat

farming


Middle Colonies:

Political

Elected Assemblies / Legislatures


Middle Colonies:

Social

Very diverse groups of

people Religious freedom,

Quakers

(pacifists, no-war)


Southern

Colonies

Georgia

North Carolina

South Carolina

Virginia

Maryland


Southern

Colonies

Jamestown, VA – swampy location,

caused many colonists to die

because of disease,

1st English colony


Southern Colonies:

Economic

Plantation system, growth of slave trade,

spread slavery, profit on tobacco


Southern Colonies:

Political

Virginia House of Burgesses – 1st representative government/ legislature in the colonies


Southern Colonies:

Social

Wealthy Plantation

owners, large slave

population-

Primary goal – money making


Colonial

Borders

Atlantic Ocean borders colonies to

the east

Appalachian Mountains border

colonies to the west


Mercantilism

• Colonies provide Great Britain with

raw materials, Great Britain would

manufacture the products to ship

back to the colonies for sale

• Colonies could only trade with the

British

Note Card # 17Front Back

Magna Carta

(1215)

Trial by jury

Limited the power of the

king


English Bill of Rights

Individuals have rights

protected by the

government

(Rule of Law)


French and Indian War

(1763)

British & Colonists versus French &

Indians, British won the war – gained all land East of Miss. River and started

controlling the colonies


Economic Policies

following French & Indian

War

Cost British money & government went

into debt.

The British wanted the Americans to pay

for the war through taxes.


Proclamation of 1763

Colonists could not move west of the

Appalachian Mountains

(Territory Reserved for Native Americans)


Sugar Act of 1764

Taxes on food containing sugar


Boston Massacre of

1770

5 colonists shot to death after making

fun of British soldiers


Samuel AdamsFounder of the Sons of Liberty, organized

the Boston Tea Party


Benjamin Franklin

Developed Join or Die political cartoon to unite the colonies under the Albany Plan, negotiated

with French during American

Revolution


Albany Plan of Union

Each colony would send a

representative to a Grand Council; First attempt to unite the colonies under one

government


King George IIIKing of England before, during, and

after American Revolution,

oppressed the colonies


Thomas Jefferson

Wrote Declaration of Independence in

1776


Patrick Henry“Give me liberty or

give me death” influential speech to

rally American colonists to the

cause of independence from

Britain


Thomas Paine

Wrote the pamphlet Common Sense (doc),

ordinary people understood writing,

promoted independence

movement from Great Britain, attacked King George III, freedom of

the press united colonists


George Washington

Commander-in-Chief for the Continental Army

during American Revolution, President of

2nd Continental Congress, 1st President

of the United States


Articles of the Confederation

Created to center governmental power

in the STATES rather than the

FEDERAL government


Northwest Ordinance 1787

Established principles and procedures for

orderly expansion of the U.S., creation of

new states, new states equally treated

compared to original states (representation), strength of the Articles

of the Confederation


Lexington and Concord (1775)

First battles of the American

Revolution, “shot heard around the

world”


Battle of Saratoga

* French enter the American Revolution on the side of the colonists* Benjamin Franklin convinces French to

become America’s ally*Turning Point!


Battle of

Yorktown

Last major battle with British in American

Revolution, Americans won with

aid of French army/navy


Treaty of Paris

1783

* Ended the American Revolution

* British recognized U.S. independence

* U.S. western border is now the

Mississippi River


Philadelphia Convention of 1787

Came together to rewrite the Articles

of Confederation but wrote the

Constitution instead.


Virginia Plan

Large states would receive

more representatives

than small states – based on pop.


New Jersey Plan

Small states would receive same reps as large states – based on two reps per state


Great Compromise

Bicameral ( two house)

legislature, combined VA and NJ Plan, Senate based on 2 per state, House of Rep. based on pop.


Federalist

They wanted the Constitution to be

ratified (approved). They wanted the

country and states to share power.


Anti-Federalists

Did not support ratification of U.S.

Constitution, if Bill of Rights not

included, emphasized state power rather than

federal power


Federalist Papers(doc.)

Supported ratification of U.S.

Constitution, authors-

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John

Jay


Alexander Hamilton

Believed in free enterprise system – market (consumers)

decide prices, proposed national bank to regulate

currency (money)


1787

Second Continental Congress writes

the U.S. Constitution


U.S. Constitution Three Branches of Government and established the

basic laws for the U.S.


1st Branch:

Legislative

Congress, Bicameral (2

houses- House of Representatives

& Senate), makes laws


(Legislative)

Senate

Each state elects 2 Senators,

total = 100


(Legislative)

House of Representatives

Reps decided by population of

state, large states receive more reps than small states,

Total = 435


2nd Branch:

Judicial (Judiciary)

Supreme Court,

Interprets laws


3rd Branch:

Executive

President,

Vice President

Enforces laws


3/5 Compromise

Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person

for representative purpose –

compromise between the

North and South


Limited Government

Government does not have total

control over its citizens; It only has the power that is listed in

the Constitution


Republicanism Election of representatives


Checksand

Balances

Each branch of government has the power to check the other branches; ex. President (executive branch) nominates

Supreme Court Justices and the Senate

(legislative branch) confirms nomination


Federalism(Shared Power)

Power of the government is

shared between the states and the

national government.


Separation

of

Powers

Each of the 3 branches of

government have different

responsibilities


Popular Sovereignty

People hold final authority over the

government


Individual

Rights

Job of the government to

protect rights of citizens


Unalienable

Rights

LIFE, LIBERTY, & PURSUIT OF

HAPPINESS – cannot be taken

away by the government


Amending (adding to) the

Constitution

Proposed by Congress with 2/3

vote in both Senate & House of

Representatives or ratified by

legislatures of ¾ of the states


Bill of Rights

1st 10 amendments to the

Constitution; formal list of

citizens’ rights and freedoms


Bill of Rights

1st Amendment

Freedom of religion, press,

petition, and speech and assembly


Bill of Rights

2nd Amendment

Right to bear arms

(right to own a gun)


Bill of Rights

3rd Amendment

No quartering (housing) of

troops


Bill of Rights

4th Amendment

No illegal search and seizure, must

obtain warrant


Bill of Rights5th Amendment

Due process of law – indictment (officially charged w/crime), no

double jeopardy (cannot be charged for the same crime twice)

cannot be forced to testify when testimony incriminates self (no telling on yourself if it

gets you in trouble)


Bill of Rights

6th Amendment

Trial by jury - criminal


Bill of Rights

7th Amendment

Trial by jury - civil ( involving money rather than jail)


Bill of Rights

8th Amendment

No cruel and unusual

punishment; no excessive bail


Bill of Rights

9th Amendment

People have other rights not listed

in the Constitution


Bill of Rights

10th Amendment

States have rights not listed in the

Constitution


Early Republic Washington through Monroe


Federalists

vs.

Democratic-Republicans

Federal government

power

vs.

State government power


Washington’s Farewell Address

Foreign alliances and political parties are a

threat and should be avoided


LouisianaPurchase (1803)(1803)

Doubled the size of the U.S., access to Mississippi

River (New Orleans-port city), increase in trade

& communications


Marbury

vs.

Madison

(1803)

Established judicial judicial reviewreview, Supreme Court can decide

if law is constitutional or not, checks and

balances


War of 1812

(Causes)

• Great Britain vs. U.S.;

• British impressments

(kidnapping) U.S. sailors;

• British guns still in Ohio River Valley

• Another war for independence


War of 1812(Effects)

• War was a draw until Battle of New

Orleans – Gen. Andrew Jackson

defeated British – • created a sense of

nationalism; • British removed guns from U.S. soil

and stopped kidnapping sailors


Monroe Doctrine

1823

• Pres. James Monroe implemented policy,

* U.S. would not allow new European Colonization of the

Western hemisphere• First time a

president’s foreign policy involved warning other

countries


Industrialization

• Led to an increased dependence on

slavery in the South• & an increase of

production in the North

• Caused Sectionalism to

increase


Inventions Led to efficient production

(faster/cheaper way to produce products)


Eli Whitney

* Invented cotton gin, & interchangeable

parts; cotton became main crop

of South

* Caused the demand for slavery to rise


Interchangeable Parts

Increase in efficiency for replacing

machine parts


McCormick ReaperIncrease agricultural

(farming) production


Robert Fulton

Steamboat, used w/canal and river

trade


Samuel Morse

Increase in communication with

the telegraph


Lowell Mills

Mostly single women worked in first

factories, lived and worked on site of factory, usually

textile mills (clothing)


Factories in mid-1800’s

Employed mostly immigrants (Irish) rather than single

women

Note Card #1 Front Back 1607 Jamestown, first English colony.

Documents

Transcript of Note Card #1 Front Back 1607 Jamestown, first English colony.