Integrated Flood Management : Integrated Flood Management : the way to the way to
Harmonious coexistence with floodsHarmonious coexistence with floods
Avinash C TyagiAvinash C TyagiWorld Meteorological OrganisationWorld Meteorological Organisation
Geneve, SwitzerlandGeneve, Switzerland
A contribution to Question 53A contribution to Question 53
International Commission on Irrigation and DrainageInternational Commission on Irrigation and Drainage
19th Congress, 15-18 September 2005, Beijing19th Congress, 15-18 September 2005, Beijing
– Ad-hoc and stand aloneAd-hoc and stand alone
– Reactive rather than proactiveReactive rather than proactive
– Emphasis on structural measures Emphasis on structural measures
– MonodisciplinaryMonodisciplinary
– Lessons from past failureLessons from past failure
Shortcomings of past FM PractiseShortcomings of past FM Practise
why a new approach?why a new approach?
Increasing Flood RisksIncreasing Flood Risks
Absolute safety against floods is a mythAbsolute safety against floods is a myth
Climate change uncertainityClimate change uncertainity
Growing environmental concernsGrowing environmental concerns
IWRM approachIWRM approach
– Population Population increaseincrease: : ExposureExposure– Economic Development: VulnerabilityEconomic Development: Vulnerability– Climate Variability: Hazard FrequencyClimate Variability: Hazard Frequency– Upstream Urbanisation: Upstream Urbanisation: HazardHazard Magnitude Magnitude
Population Explosion andPressure on Water Resources
High variant
Medium variant
Low variant
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Year
4
6
8
10
12
14
2
GLOBAL POPULATION GLOBAL POPULATION 1960 - 20501960 - 2050B
illi
on
s
Ref: UN
– Sustainable development: balancing development Sustainable development: balancing development needs and flood risksneeds and flood risks
– Maximising benefits: ensure livelihood security and Maximising benefits: ensure livelihood security and poverty alleviation thereby reducing vulnerabilitypoverty alleviation thereby reducing vulnerability
– Minimising loss of lifeMinimising loss of life
– Environmental preservationEnvironmental preservation
Integrated Flood Management: Objectives
Mitigation and Mitigation and PreparednessPreparedness
ResponseResponse Recovery and Recovery and
rehabilitationrehabilitation
IFM: PRINCIPLESRisk Management
– Flood and drought managementFlood and drought management– Effective use of flood watersEffective use of flood waters– Ground water and surface water Ground water and surface water
interaction in flood plainsinteraction in flood plains
IFM: PRINCIPLESWater Cycle as a whole
– Cross-sectoral integration of disaster management Cross-sectoral integration of disaster management strategiesstrategies
– Disaster risk assessmentDisaster risk assessment
– Early warning and forecastsEarly warning and forecasts
IFM: PRINCIPLES
Multi-hazard approachMulti-hazard approach
Stakeholders participation in decision makingStakeholders participation in decision making
Coordination between institutionsCoordination between institutions
Building resilience in the communityBuilding resilience in the community
Addressing Gender based requirementsAddressing Gender based requirements
Exchange of data and informationExchange of data and information
IFM: PRINCIPLESPublic ParticipationPublic Participation
IFM: PRINCIPLESPublic ParticipationPublic Participation
– monitoring basemonitoring base:: indicators; information systems; early indicators; information systems; early warning thresholdwarning threshold
– knowledge baseknowledge base:: technical data; social and economic data; technical data; social and economic data; land and water uses; risk knowledgeland and water uses; risk knowledge
– relational baserelational base:: who’s who; contacts and coordinates; who’s who; contacts and coordinates; allocation of duties;allocation of duties;
– dialogue basedialogue base:: data exchange protocols; notification data exchange protocols; notification protocols; communication channels; rules and language;protocols; communication channels; rules and language;
– conflict-resolution baseconflict-resolution base:: negotiation processes (location, negotiation processes (location, timing, authority chosen for trade-off; compensation options, timing, authority chosen for trade-off; compensation options, etc.)etc.)
Flood Information System consisting ofFlood Information System consisting of
– Land and Water ManagementLand and Water Management
– Upstream and DownstreamUpstream and Downstream
– Structural and Non-structuralStructural and Non-structural
– Short term and Long-termShort term and Long-term
– Local and basin level measuresLocal and basin level measures
– Top down and Bottom up decision makingTop down and Bottom up decision making
– Development needs and economic concernsDevelopment needs and economic concerns
IFM:IFM: Towards a Towards a holistic flood managementholistic flood management
Integration ofIntegration of
supported with appropriatesupported with appropriate
– Legislation and regulations;Legislation and regulations;– Institutional structures with appropriate linkages;Institutional structures with appropriate linkages;– Economic instruments; Economic instruments; – Enabling participatory processes; andEnabling participatory processes; and– Information management and exchange mechanisms.Information management and exchange mechanisms.
Requirements of IFMRequirements of IFM
Clear and objective policies Clear and objective policies with a multidisciplinary approachwith a multidisciplinary approach
Associated Programme for Associated Programme for Flood ManagementFlood Management
Establish the principles of IFM Establish the principles of IFM
Help assimilate principles of IFM within IWRM;Help assimilate principles of IFM within IWRM;
Identify gaps in present flood management practices and IFM Identify gaps in present flood management practices and IFM
Support actions at local, national, regional or river basin level Support actions at local, national, regional or river basin level
Provide a platform for a common strategic vision, Provide a platform for a common strategic vision,
Promote the implementation of effective policies and strategies;Promote the implementation of effective policies and strategies; Provide advice and relevant information on flood management Provide advice and relevant information on flood management
issues; issues;
Develop capacities in the countries to integrate flood management Develop capacities in the countries to integrate flood management into sustainable development processes; andinto sustainable development processes; and
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