Integrated Flood Management : Integrated Flood Management : the way to the way to

Harmonious coexistence with floodsHarmonious coexistence with floods

Avinash C TyagiAvinash C TyagiWorld Meteorological OrganisationWorld Meteorological Organisation

Geneve, SwitzerlandGeneve, Switzerland

A contribution to Question 53A contribution to Question 53

International Commission on Irrigation and DrainageInternational Commission on Irrigation and Drainage

19th Congress, 15-18 September 2005, Beijing19th Congress, 15-18 September 2005, Beijing

Floods as increasing DisastersFloods as increasing Disasters

– Ad-hoc and stand aloneAd-hoc and stand alone

– Reactive rather than proactiveReactive rather than proactive

– Emphasis on structural measures Emphasis on structural measures

– MonodisciplinaryMonodisciplinary

– Lessons from past failureLessons from past failure

Shortcomings of past FM PractiseShortcomings of past FM Practise

why a new approach?why a new approach?

Increasing Flood RisksIncreasing Flood Risks

Absolute safety against floods is a mythAbsolute safety against floods is a myth

Climate change uncertainityClimate change uncertainity

Growing environmental concernsGrowing environmental concerns

IWRM approachIWRM approach

– Population Population increaseincrease: : ExposureExposure– Economic Development: VulnerabilityEconomic Development: Vulnerability– Climate Variability: Hazard FrequencyClimate Variability: Hazard Frequency– Upstream Urbanisation: Upstream Urbanisation: HazardHazard Magnitude Magnitude

Flood magnitude and frequency

Exposure

Vulnerability

RISK

FLOOD RISK

Population Explosion andPressure on Water Resources

High variant

Medium variant

Low variant

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year

4

6

8

10

12

14

2

GLOBAL POPULATION GLOBAL POPULATION 1960 - 20501960 - 2050B

illi

on

s

Ref: UN

Rainwater infiltrates into the ground

Runoff increases

– Sustainable development: balancing development Sustainable development: balancing development needs and flood risksneeds and flood risks

– Maximising benefits: ensure livelihood security and Maximising benefits: ensure livelihood security and poverty alleviation thereby reducing vulnerabilitypoverty alleviation thereby reducing vulnerability

– Minimising loss of lifeMinimising loss of life

– Environmental preservationEnvironmental preservation

Integrated Flood Management: Objectives

Mitigation and Mitigation and PreparednessPreparedness

ResponseResponse Recovery and Recovery and

rehabilitationrehabilitation

IFM: PRINCIPLESRisk Management

– Flood and drought managementFlood and drought management– Effective use of flood watersEffective use of flood waters– Ground water and surface water Ground water and surface water

interaction in flood plainsinteraction in flood plains

IFM: PRINCIPLESWater Cycle as a whole

– Cross-sectoral integration of disaster management Cross-sectoral integration of disaster management strategiesstrategies

– Disaster risk assessmentDisaster risk assessment

– Early warning and forecastsEarly warning and forecasts

IFM: PRINCIPLES

Multi-hazard approachMulti-hazard approach

IFM: PRINCIPLES

River Basin approachRiver Basin approach

Stakeholders participation in decision makingStakeholders participation in decision making

Coordination between institutionsCoordination between institutions

Building resilience in the communityBuilding resilience in the community

Addressing Gender based requirementsAddressing Gender based requirements

Exchange of data and informationExchange of data and information

IFM: PRINCIPLESPublic ParticipationPublic Participation

IFM: PRINCIPLESPublic ParticipationPublic Participation

– monitoring basemonitoring base:: indicators; information systems; early indicators; information systems; early warning thresholdwarning threshold

– knowledge baseknowledge base:: technical data; social and economic data; technical data; social and economic data; land and water uses; risk knowledgeland and water uses; risk knowledge

– relational baserelational base:: who’s who; contacts and coordinates; who’s who; contacts and coordinates; allocation of duties;allocation of duties;

– dialogue basedialogue base:: data exchange protocols; notification data exchange protocols; notification protocols; communication channels; rules and language;protocols; communication channels; rules and language;

– conflict-resolution baseconflict-resolution base:: negotiation processes (location, negotiation processes (location, timing, authority chosen for trade-off; compensation options, timing, authority chosen for trade-off; compensation options, etc.)etc.)

Flood Information System consisting ofFlood Information System consisting of

– Land and Water ManagementLand and Water Management

– Upstream and DownstreamUpstream and Downstream

– Structural and Non-structuralStructural and Non-structural

– Short term and Long-termShort term and Long-term

– Local and basin level measuresLocal and basin level measures

– Top down and Bottom up decision makingTop down and Bottom up decision making

– Development needs and economic concernsDevelopment needs and economic concerns

IFM:IFM: Towards a Towards a holistic flood managementholistic flood management

Integration ofIntegration of

supported with appropriatesupported with appropriate

– Legislation and regulations;Legislation and regulations;– Institutional structures with appropriate linkages;Institutional structures with appropriate linkages;– Economic instruments; Economic instruments; – Enabling participatory processes; andEnabling participatory processes; and– Information management and exchange mechanisms.Information management and exchange mechanisms.

Requirements of IFMRequirements of IFM

Clear and objective policies Clear and objective policies with a multidisciplinary approachwith a multidisciplinary approach

Associated Programme for Associated Programme for Flood ManagementFlood Management

Establish the principles of IFM Establish the principles of IFM

Help assimilate principles of IFM within IWRM;Help assimilate principles of IFM within IWRM;

Identify gaps in present flood management practices and IFM Identify gaps in present flood management practices and IFM

Support actions at local, national, regional or river basin level Support actions at local, national, regional or river basin level

Provide a platform for a common strategic vision, Provide a platform for a common strategic vision,

Promote the implementation of effective policies and strategies;Promote the implementation of effective policies and strategies; Provide advice and relevant information on flood management Provide advice and relevant information on flood management

issues; issues;

Develop capacities in the countries to integrate flood management Develop capacities in the countries to integrate flood management into sustainable development processes; andinto sustainable development processes; and

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