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DecentralizedDecentralized
Government: FromGovernment: FromHierarchy to ParticipationHierarchy to Participation
and Teamworkand Teamwork
Presented by:Presented by:
RAFAEL D. DAVIS IIIRAFAEL D. DAVIS III
CNU Graduate StudentCNU Graduate Student
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Osborne & Gaebler,Osborne & Gaebler,
Reinventing GovernmentReinventing Government(1992)(1992)
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50 Years ago50 Years ago-- centralized institutions with slowcentralized institutions with slowcommunication, primitive technology, and ancommunication, primitive technology, and an
uneduc
ated work forc
e wereuneduc
ated work forc
e wereINDISPENSABLE.INDISPENSABLE.
TodayToday-- information is limitless, communicationinformation is limitless, communication
is instantaneous, and many employees areis instantaneous, and many employees arewell educated.well educated. There isnt time forThere isnt time forinformation to go up a chain of command.information to go up a chain of command.
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DecentralizationDecentralization isis thethe answeranswer.. InIntodaystodays worldworld thingsthings workwork betterbetterifif thosethose workingworking inin publicpublic orgsorgscancan makemake theirtheir ownown decisionsdecisions..
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2 Responses for the2 Responses for the
"pressure of quick"pressure of quick
decisions:decisions:
1. further strengthen
center of
1. further strengthen
center ofgovernmentgovernment
2. reduce the decision load by2. reduce the decision load by
sharing it with more people.sharing it with more people.
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Advantages ofAdvantages of
decentralized institutions:decentralized institutions: More flexibleMore flexible--can respond quickly tocan respond quickly to
circumstances.circumstances.
More effectiveMore effective-- frontline workers arefrontline workers areclosest to problems.closest to problems.
More innovativeMore innovative-- innovation doesntinnovation doesnt
usually happen because someone at the topusually happen because someone at the tophas a good blue print.has a good blue print.
Generate higher morale, moreGenerate higher morale, more
commitment, and greater productivity.commitment, and greater productivity.
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Rest of society has run away fromRest of society has run away fromhierarchies,hierarchies, most governments,most governments,
however, have NOT changed.however, have NOT changed.
Entrepreneurial leaders have started toEntrepreneurial leaders have started to
useuse participatory government.participatory government.
Employ teamworkEmploy teamwork
Create institutional championsCreate institutional champions
Invest in their employeesInvest in their employees
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Participatory governmentParticipatory government-- isis
spreading to public education, give asspreading to public education, give as
much authority as possible to themuch authority as possible to theprincipals and teachers.principals and teachers.
LaborLabor--Management CooperationManagement Cooperation --
Problems are a symptom of badProblems are a symptom of badmanagement.management.
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No layoff policiesNo layoff policies-- no one wants to innovateno one wants to innovatethemselves out of a job. If job security isthemselves out of a job. If job security is
there, their attitude toward innovationthere, their attitude toward innovation
changes dramatically.changes dramatically.
Flattening the Organizational HierarchyFlattening the Organizational Hierarchy--Most serious resistance to teamwork andMost serious resistance to teamwork and
participatory management often comes fromparticipatory management often comes from
middle managers not unions.middle managers not unions.
--Sponge effectSponge effect-- they stop info on its way upthey stop info on its way up
the ladder, and on its way down also andthe ladder, and on its way down also and
overcontrol sets in.overcontrol sets in.
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StrategiesStrategies of participatoryof participatory
management include:management include:
o Quality circleso Quality circles
o Laboro Labor--management committeesmanagement committees
o Employee development programso Employee development programso Attitude surveyso Attitude surveys
o Employee evaluation of managerso Employee evaluation of managers
o Invention policieso Invention policieso Innovation championso Innovation champions
o Reward programso Reward programs
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19721972-- Roger Harrison says thatRoger Harrison says that
power organizes itself into 4 typespower organizes itself into 4 types
of orientations:of orientations:
1. POWER orientation1. POWER orientation are autocraticare autocratic
& hierarchical.& hierarchical.
Ex. traditional businessesEx. traditional businesses
2. ROLE orientation2. ROLE orientation are carefullyare carefully
ordered by rules, procedures, andordered by rules, procedures, andhierarchy.hierarchy.
Ex. traditional governmentEx. traditional government
bureaucracies.bureaucracies.
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Continuation of 4 types ofContinuation of 4 types of
orientationsorientations
3. TASK orientation3. TASK orientation are extremelyare extremelyfluid & resultsfluid & results--oriented.oriented.
Ex.Ex. technology oriented businessestechnology oriented businesses
4. PERSON orientation4. PERSON orientation exists simplyexists simplyto serve the needs of their members.to serve the needs of their members.
Ex.Ex. social groupssocial groups
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Teamwork Organizations displayTeamwork Organizations display
other strengths:other strengths:Cross department teams bring differentCross department teams bring different
perspectives to bear on problems orperspectives to bear on problems or
opportunities.opportunities.
Team members think outside the box.Team members think outside the box.
Teams break down turf walls, fosteringTeams break down turf walls, fostering
collaboration across depts..collaboration across depts..
Build lasting networks throughout anBuild lasting networks throughout anorganization.organization.
Teams hold employees to highTeams hold employees to high
standards.standards.
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VISION W
ITHOUT A
CTION
IS JUST A
VISION W
ITHOUT A
CTION
IS JUST ADREAM,DREAM,
ACTION WITHOUT VISION IS JUSTACTION WITHOUT VISION IS JUST
PASSING TIME,PASSING TIME,
VISION WITH ACTION CAN CHANGEVISION WITH ACTION CAN CHANGE
THE WORLD.THE WORLD.
-- JOEL BARKERJOEL BARKER --
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THANK YOU!THANK YOU!
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