De Anza Research Project
Prepared by: Kara Uy , Caitlin Tiffany, Lourdes Quiason
Survey AnalysisResearch Question: How does family background influence knowledge about how to play the game of college? Prior research has focused on the educational effects of unequal socioeconomic status. The finding asserts that students from privileged socioeconomic backgrounds tend to invest in scholastic pursuits and thereby obtain returns in the form of academic achievement and degree attainment. QIntroduction
Literature ReviewAstudy by Dr. Amy Stragefound thatthere is a relationship between the success of a student and their family background. A students confidence, persistence and task involvement, which affect a students success in college, are significantly related to his or her family background and environmental factors, which includespositive rapport with their instructors and parenting stylesAnother Study by Dr. Amy Strage found strong links between academic and social integration and student outcomes across ethnic groups and for first-and later-generation college students. Identified relationships among five indices of academic and social integration (academic confidence, social confidence, perception of oneself as a leader among one's peers, a positive rapport with one's teachers and parents, and an internal locus of control) and success and mastery orientation in that environmentMary J. Fischer found that Blacks and Hispanics more likely to be from low socioeconomic backgrounds and more likely to be first generation college students (as opposed to white and Asian students) The transition to college is important in whether the student succeeds or fails in college. Minority status decreases the likelihood that the student will succeed.
Hypothesis Hypothesis 1: Parental socioeconomic status (parents education, occupational status, and income) has a positive effect on academic achievement Hypothesis 2: Academic achievement increases due to the positive effect of parental guidance/expectation and college preparedness
Research Methods Target Population: First time college students enrolled in the summer or fall of 2008, planning to transfer to a 4- year college, enrolled at De Anza at least half time Survey questionnaires were distributed by email to the target population with emails on file. Only 90 out of 1,746 De Anza students respondedFemale:786(45%) Male: 960(55%)In depth interviews were conducted with 2 first time college students and an academic counselor
LimitationsThe low response rate: only 90 out of 1746
Students who were not enrolled full time were not surveyed. Survey questionnaires were only sent out to those with valid emails.
Most of the respondents were Asian-Americans, Caucasian, and Hispanic therefore some of the ethnic groups are not represented from our survey Time constraints
FindingsFindings do not support our hypotheses Our analysis of the survey data suggests that parental socioeconomic status had no substantial meaning or statistical significance to academic achievement.
Survey AnalysisOur data is not completely representative:
Race/EthnicityOur ResponseActualAfrican American3.3%5%Asian American/Asian43.3%33%Caucasian non-Hispanic27.8%23%Mexican American/ Hispanic12.2%22%Native American0%0%Pacific Islander4.4%9%Other8.9%3%
Survey AnalysisHypothesis 1: Parental socioeconomic status effects academic achievementNo relationship found between race/ethnicity, income, or parental education and high school GPA or other indicators such as Counseling 100, and whether or not they knew what assist.org wasOur analysis of the survey data suggests that parental socioeconomic status had no substantial meaning or statistical significance to academic achievement.
Survey Analysis As parental education level goes up, so does amount of parental guidance
There is a 5%-10% chance that the results are due to chance based on Chi Squared Test
Survey AnalysisAs parental guidance in high school goes up, taking counseling 100 increases
Chart1
212
1I dont know1
332025
211
(blank)(blank)1
Frequently
Not at all
Occasionally
Chart2
2110
0.95450.04550
2621
0.89650.06890.0345
3521
Amount of Parental Guidance
Counseling 100
Parental Guidance vs. Counseling 100
Chart3
2110
2621
3521
Yes
No
I don't know
Parental Guidance
Counseling 100
Parental Guidance vs. Taking Counseling 100
Sheet4
Sum of NumberQ1
Q15FrequentlyNot at allOccasionallyGrand Total
I am not going to take it2125
I dont know112
I have already taken it33202578
I plan to take it2114
(blank)11
Grand Total38223090
Not at allOccasionallyFrequently
Yes2195.45%2689.65%3592.11%
No14.55%26.89%25.26%
I don't know00%13.45%12.63%
Total22100%29100%38100%
Not at allOccasionallyFrequently
Yes212635
No122
I don't know011
Sheet5
Sum of NumberQ27
Q15100125150175255075Over 200Under 25(blank)Grand Total
I am not going to take it21115
I dont know112
I have already taken it1373112101349678
I plan to take it2114
(blank)11
Grand Total141131131213510890
Less than 100More than 100
Yes4530
No23
I don't know11
Sheet6
Sum of NumberQ28
Q15African American/BlackAsian American/AsianCaucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteMexican American/HispanicOtherPacific IslanderGrand Total
I am not going to take it325
I dont know112
I have already taken it23720105478
I plan to take it1214
(blank)11
Grand Total33925118490
BACMOP
Yes238221154
No32
I don't know11
Sheet1
NumberQ1Q15NumberQ27Q15NumberQ28Q15
1OccasionallyI have already taken it150I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it1175I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it175I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it125I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1Under 25I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it175I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it125I have already taken it1Pacific IslanderI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it150I have already taken it1Pacific IslanderI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1125I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it1Under 25I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1Over 200I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI am not going to take it1Over 200I am not going to take it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI am not going to take it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it175I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it125I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it125I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it150I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it175I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it150I have already taken it1OtherI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1Under 25I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it125I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it175I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it125I have already taken it1Pacific IslanderI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it1Under 25I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it175I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI plan to take it150I plan to take it1Mexican American/HispanicI plan to take it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it1I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it125I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it175I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it1Under 25I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1Over 200I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI am not going to take it150I am not going to take it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI am not going to take it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it175I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it125I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it1I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it175I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it1150I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it1Under 25I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it150I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI am not going to take it1125I am not going to take it1OtherI am not going to take it
1Not at allI have already taken it1125I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1Occasionally11African American/Black
1OccasionallyI have already taken it1125I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it125I have already taken it1OtherI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it1Under 25I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1OtherI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1Under 25I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it150I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it175I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it1Under 25I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1150I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1African American/BlackI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it1I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it175I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it125I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it125I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it150I have already taken it1African American/BlackI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it175I have already taken it1OtherI have already taken it
1Not at allI am not going to take it125I am not going to take it1OtherI am not going to take it
1Not at allI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it150I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it125I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1125I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI dont know1100I dont know1OtherI dont know
1Not at allI plan to take it1I plan to take it1Asian American/AsianI plan to take it
1Not at allI have already taken it150I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI am not going to take it1125I am not going to take it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI am not going to take it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1125I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI plan to take it1125I plan to take it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI plan to take it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1OtherI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it1150I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1OccasionallyI have already taken it150I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1125I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it1Over 200I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI plan to take it1125I plan to take it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI plan to take it
1OccasionallyI dont know1Under 25I dont know1Asian American/AsianI dont know
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1125I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it
1FrequentlyI have already taken it1Over 200I have already taken it1Pacific IslanderI have already taken it
1Not at allI have already taken it175I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it
Sheet2
Parental Education
No collegeCollege
Amount of ParentalNot at all741.18%1218.18%
Guidance aboutOccasionally635.29%2233.33%
Academic PathFrequently423.53%3248.48%
Total17100%66100%
Sheet3
Parental Guidance about Academic Paths
Parental Guidance about Academic Paths
Not at allOccasionallyFrequently
CounselingYes2195.45%2689.65%3592.11%
100No14.55%26.89%25.26%
I don't know00%13.45%12.63%
Total22100%29100%38100%
Parental Guidance about Academic Paths
Survey AnalysisParental Education level More Parental Guidance about academic pathParental Guidance More likely to take Counseling 100Seems to provide support for the second hypothesis: parental guidance and expectations affect academic achievementMaybe some indirect support for first hypothesis that socioeconomic status affects academic achievementHowever
Survey Analysis
Sheet1
Q14Q15Q16Q17Q18Q19Q20Q21Q22Q23Q24Q25Q26Q27Q28
None of the aboveI have already taken itYesYesYes3.0-3.49Do not knowNo1 QuarterIt is requiredB.A/B.S degreeProfessionalOther working occupationAsian American/Asian
Lack of transportationI have already taken itYesYesYes2.5-2.99Do not knowNo1 QuarterVery importanSome high schoolOther working occupationOther working occupationAsian American/Asian
Lack of academic preparationI have already taken itYesYesYes2.5-2.99Do not knowYes1 QuarterSomewhat importanLess than high school educationSmall Business OwnerUnemployedMexican American/Hispanic
Lack of motivationI have already taken itYesYesYes3.5-4.03.5-4.0No2 QuartersIt is requiredB.A/B.S degreeProfessionalUnemployedAsian American/Asian
Lack of information aboutYesYesYes2.5-2.99Do not know1 QuarterVery importanB.A/B.S degreeProfessionalAcademicAfrican American/Black
Lack of information aboutI have already taken itYesYesYesDo not knowDo not knowYes1 QuarterVery importanSome collegeManagerialUnemployedCaucasian non-Hispanic/White
Lack of transportationI have already taken itYesYesYesMore than a 4.0Do not knowNo1 QuarterIt is requiredMastersOther working occupationSmall Business OwnerAsian American/Asian
Lack of transportationI plan to take itNoI do not knowNo2.0-2.49Do not knowNo1 QuarterIt is requiredDo not knowOther working occupationOther working occupationAsian American/Asian
Q14
16
4
8
15
12
5
12
17
1
Answers
Frequency
Question 14
Q15
78
0
4
5
2
1
Answers
Frequency of Taking Counseling 100
Taking Counseling 100
Q16
74
16
0
Answers
Frequency
Question 16
Q17
75
3
12
0
Answers
Frequency
Question 17
Q18
79
10
1
Answers
Frequency
Question 18
Q21
27
62
1
Answers
Frequency
Question 21
Q28
25
3
0
39
4
11
8
0
Answers
Frequency
Question 28
Q19
0
0
6
4
21
35
15
6
3
0
Answers
Frequency
Question 19
Q20
2
0
0
2
2
7
16
1
58
2
Answers
Frequency
Question 20
Q22
73
16
0
0
1
0
Answers
Frequency
Question 22
Q23
1
6
41
42
0
Answers
Frequency
Question 23
Q24
4
8
5
22
8
23
10
3
7
0
Answer
Frequency
Question 24
Q25
1
20
8
1
10
10
28
9
3
Answers
Frequency
Question 25
Q26
8
11
8
7
6
7
28
14
1
Answers
Frequency
Question 26
Q27
10
13
12
13
14
11
3
1
5
Answer
Frequency
Question 27
Sheet2
Q14Q15Q15Q16
lack of info about college process16I'm not going to take it5I have already taken it78Yes74
lack of emotional support from family4I plan to take it4I'm currently taking it0No16
lack of academic preparation8I'm currently taking it0I plan to take it4Blank0
lack of info about degrees15I have already taken it78I'm not going to take it5
lack of motivation12I don't know2I don't know2
lack of confidence5Blank1Blank1
lack of transportation12
none of the above17
blank1
Q17Q17Q18Q21
Yes, IGETCYes75Yes79Yes27
Yes, CSUNo3No10No62
Yes, a plan other than IGETC or CSUI don't know12Blank1Blank1
No, I'm not following a planBlank0
I don't know
Blank
Q28Q19Q20Q22
Caucasian non-hispanic/White25Under 1.00Under 1.021 Quarter73
African American/Black31.0-1.4901.0-1.4902 Quarters16
Native American01.50-1.9961.50-1.9903 Quarters0
Asian American/Asian392.0-2.4942.0-2.4924 Quarters0
Pacific Islander42.50-2.99212.50-2.9925 Quarters or more1
Mexican American/Hispanic113.0-3.49353.0-3.497Blank0
Other83.49-4.0153.49-4.016
Blank0More than 4.06More than 4.01
Dont know3Dont know58
Blank0Blank2
Q23Q24Q25Q26
Not1Less than High School4Academic1Academic8
Somewhat6Some High School8Professional20Professional11
Very41High School Graduate5Managerial8Managerial8
Required42Some College22Clerical1Clerical7
Blank0A.A/A.S8Blue collar10Blue collar6
B.A/B.S23Small Business Owner10Small Business Owner7
Masters10Other working occupation28Other working occupation28
Doctorate3unemployed9unemployed14
Don't know7blank3blank1
blank0
Q27
Under 25,00010
25,000-49,00013
50,000-74,00012
75,000-99,99913
100,000-125,00014
125,000-149,00011
150,000-174,9993
175,000-200,0001
Over 200,0005
8
Sheet3
Qualitative AnalysisInterview Findings:
Interview Analysis ContinuedStudents place great importance on pleasing their parentsBakti: Most child in India want to please their parents so they are pressured to work very hard. For me, I think I was okay, my parents just seemed to want me to focus on school.Sara: A lot of people need that push and motivation to make their families proud. I mean if you graduate from college, your parents would be very proud of you and this would also make you feel better. That is why I think family background helps a student be prepared and successful in college because you do not want to disappoint your parents. From our survey: Felt pressured by their parents to go to college32.2% occasionally, 41.1% frequently
Interview analysis contHigh tuition fees increases academic achievementSara: You know that my tuition is very expensive so I would not want to waste my parents money by taking classes that will not be counted towards my major, which is nursing.Bakti: One of the hardest challengesI have to pay a lot of fees, I come from India. I mean I dont have to worry about money but it just seems a lot compared to other students here, each course is close to 600 bucks so I have to pass all my classes
Main Points According to Our Interviews Orientation classes seem to be helpful tools to help students understand the process of how to play the game of college.Parents expectations seem to drive students to do better and focus more in their classes. High tuition fess motivates students to work harder in their classes.
Future ResearchLook at how knowledge about time management affects how a student can succeed in collegeFuture research can also explore whether the success of college students is heavily influenced by positive rapport with peers and instructors.
Future Research Some prior research suggests that parental socioeconomic status had no substantial meaning to academic achievement. Other factors such as motivation and confidence played a salient role in college successFuture Research can take a less traditional approach and continue to explore these factors, hypothesizing that college students can become academically liberated from their socioeconomic origins
RecommendationsInclude teaching time management skills or tips on how to play the game of college in orientation classes for first time college students.Require all brand new students to take the orientation class.
**
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