De Anza Research Project

De Anza Research Project

Prepared by: Kara Uy , Caitlin Tiffany, Lourdes Quiason

Survey AnalysisResearch Question: How does family background influence knowledge about how to play the game of college? Prior research has focused on the educational effects of unequal socioeconomic status. The finding asserts that students from privileged socioeconomic backgrounds tend to invest in scholastic pursuits and thereby obtain returns in the form of academic achievement and degree attainment. QIntroduction

Literature ReviewAstudy by Dr. Amy Stragefound thatthere is a relationship between the success of a student and their family background. A students confidence, persistence and task involvement, which affect a students success in college, are significantly related to his or her family background and environmental factors, which includespositive rapport with their instructors and parenting stylesAnother Study by Dr. Amy Strage found strong links between academic and social integration and student outcomes across ethnic groups and for first-and later-generation college students. Identified relationships among five indices of academic and social integration (academic confidence, social confidence, perception of oneself as a leader among one's peers, a positive rapport with one's teachers and parents, and an internal locus of control) and success and mastery orientation in that environmentMary J. Fischer found that Blacks and Hispanics more likely to be from low socioeconomic backgrounds and more likely to be first generation college students (as opposed to white and Asian students) The transition to college is important in whether the student succeeds or fails in college. Minority status decreases the likelihood that the student will succeed.

Hypothesis Hypothesis 1: Parental socioeconomic status (parents education, occupational status, and income) has a positive effect on academic achievement Hypothesis 2: Academic achievement increases due to the positive effect of parental guidance/expectation and college preparedness

Research Methods Target Population: First time college students enrolled in the summer or fall of 2008, planning to transfer to a 4- year college, enrolled at De Anza at least half time Survey questionnaires were distributed by email to the target population with emails on file. Only 90 out of 1,746 De Anza students respondedFemale:786(45%) Male: 960(55%)In depth interviews were conducted with 2 first time college students and an academic counselor

LimitationsThe low response rate: only 90 out of 1746

Students who were not enrolled full time were not surveyed. Survey questionnaires were only sent out to those with valid emails.

Most of the respondents were Asian-Americans, Caucasian, and Hispanic therefore some of the ethnic groups are not represented from our survey Time constraints

FindingsFindings do not support our hypotheses Our analysis of the survey data suggests that parental socioeconomic status had no substantial meaning or statistical significance to academic achievement.

Survey AnalysisOur data is not completely representative:

Race/EthnicityOur ResponseActualAfrican American3.3%5%Asian American/Asian43.3%33%Caucasian non-Hispanic27.8%23%Mexican American/ Hispanic12.2%22%Native American0%0%Pacific Islander4.4%9%Other8.9%3%

Survey AnalysisHypothesis 1: Parental socioeconomic status effects academic achievementNo relationship found between race/ethnicity, income, or parental education and high school GPA or other indicators such as Counseling 100, and whether or not they knew what assist.org wasOur analysis of the survey data suggests that parental socioeconomic status had no substantial meaning or statistical significance to academic achievement.

Survey Analysis As parental education level goes up, so does amount of parental guidance

There is a 5%-10% chance that the results are due to chance based on Chi Squared Test

Survey AnalysisAs parental guidance in high school goes up, taking counseling 100 increases

Chart1

212

1I dont know1

332025

211

(blank)(blank)1

Frequently

Not at all

Occasionally

Chart2

2110

0.95450.04550

2621

0.89650.06890.0345

3521

Amount of Parental Guidance

Counseling 100

Parental Guidance vs. Counseling 100

Chart3

2110

2621

3521

Yes

No

I don't know

Parental Guidance

Counseling 100

Parental Guidance vs. Taking Counseling 100

Sheet4

Sum of NumberQ1

Q15FrequentlyNot at allOccasionallyGrand Total

I am not going to take it2125

I dont know112

I have already taken it33202578

I plan to take it2114

(blank)11

Grand Total38223090

Not at allOccasionallyFrequently

Yes2195.45%2689.65%3592.11%

No14.55%26.89%25.26%

I don't know00%13.45%12.63%

Total22100%29100%38100%


Yes212635

No122

I don't know011

Sheet5

Sum of NumberQ27

Q15100125150175255075Over 200Under 25(blank)Grand Total


I dont know112



(blank)11

Grand Total141131131213510890

Less than 100More than 100

Yes4530

No23

I don't know11

Sheet6

Sum of NumberQ28

Q15African American/BlackAsian American/AsianCaucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteMexican American/HispanicOtherPacific IslanderGrand Total


I dont know112



(blank)11

Grand Total33925118490

BACMOP

Yes238221154

No32

I don't know11

Sheet1

NumberQ1Q15NumberQ27Q15NumberQ28Q15

1OccasionallyI have already taken it150I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it

1Not at allI have already taken it1175I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it

1Not at allI have already taken it175I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it


1FrequentlyI have already taken it1Under 25I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it

1FrequentlyI have already taken it175I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it

1OccasionallyI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it

1OccasionallyI have already taken it125I have already taken it1Pacific IslanderI have already taken it

1Not at allI have already taken it150I have already taken it1Pacific IslanderI have already taken it

1FrequentlyI have already taken it1125I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it

1OccasionallyI have already taken it1Under 25I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it

1FrequentlyI have already taken it1Over 200I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it

1OccasionallyI am not going to take it1Over 200I am not going to take it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI am not going to take it




1OccasionallyI have already taken it125I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it

1OccasionallyI have already taken it150I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it


1OccasionallyI have already taken it150I have already taken it1OtherI have already taken it

1FrequentlyI have already taken it1Under 25I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it

1FrequentlyI have already taken it125I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it




1Not at allI have already taken it125I have already taken it1Pacific IslanderI have already taken it

1OccasionallyI have already taken it1Under 25I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it


1OccasionallyI plan to take it150I plan to take it1Mexican American/HispanicI plan to take it


1Not at allI have already taken it1I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it



1Not at allI have already taken it1Under 25I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it

1FrequentlyI have already taken it1Over 200I have already taken it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI have already taken it

1FrequentlyI am not going to take it150I am not going to take it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI am not going to take it






1Not at allI have already taken it1Under 25I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it


1FrequentlyI am not going to take it1125I am not going to take it1OtherI am not going to take it


1Occasionally11African American/Black


1Not at allI have already taken it125I have already taken it1OtherI have already taken it


1FrequentlyI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1OtherI have already taken it

1FrequentlyI have already taken it1Under 25I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it







1OccasionallyI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1African American/BlackI have already taken it






1FrequentlyI have already taken it150I have already taken it1African American/BlackI have already taken it

1OccasionallyI have already taken it175I have already taken it1OtherI have already taken it

1Not at allI am not going to take it125I am not going to take it1OtherI am not going to take it




1Not at allI have already taken it125I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it


1FrequentlyI dont know1100I dont know1OtherI dont know

1Not at allI plan to take it1I plan to take it1Asian American/AsianI plan to take it


1OccasionallyI am not going to take it1125I am not going to take it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI am not going to take it




1FrequentlyI plan to take it1125I plan to take it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI plan to take it

1FrequentlyI have already taken it1100I have already taken it1OtherI have already taken it





1Not at allI have already taken it1Over 200I have already taken it1Asian American/AsianI have already taken it

1FrequentlyI plan to take it1125I plan to take it1Caucasian non-Hispanic/WhiteI plan to take it

1OccasionallyI dont know1Under 25I dont know1Asian American/AsianI dont know

1FrequentlyI have already taken it1125I have already taken it1Mexican American/HispanicI have already taken it

1FrequentlyI have already taken it1Over 200I have already taken it1Pacific IslanderI have already taken it


Sheet2

Parental Education

No collegeCollege

Amount of ParentalNot at all741.18%1218.18%

Guidance aboutOccasionally635.29%2233.33%

Academic PathFrequently423.53%3248.48%

Total17100%66100%

Sheet3

Parental Guidance about Academic Paths



CounselingYes2195.45%2689.65%3592.11%

100No14.55%26.89%25.26%

I don't know00%13.45%12.63%

Total22100%29100%38100%


Survey AnalysisParental Education level More Parental Guidance about academic pathParental Guidance More likely to take Counseling 100Seems to provide support for the second hypothesis: parental guidance and expectations affect academic achievementMaybe some indirect support for first hypothesis that socioeconomic status affects academic achievementHowever

Survey Analysis

Sheet1

Q14Q15Q16Q17Q18Q19Q20Q21Q22Q23Q24Q25Q26Q27Q28

None of the aboveI have already taken itYesYesYes3.0-3.49Do not knowNo1 QuarterIt is requiredB.A/B.S degreeProfessionalOther working occupationAsian American/Asian

Lack of transportationI have already taken itYesYesYes2.5-2.99Do not knowNo1 QuarterVery importanSome high schoolOther working occupationOther working occupationAsian American/Asian

Lack of academic preparationI have already taken itYesYesYes2.5-2.99Do not knowYes1 QuarterSomewhat importanLess than high school educationSmall Business OwnerUnemployedMexican American/Hispanic

Lack of motivationI have already taken itYesYesYes3.5-4.03.5-4.0No2 QuartersIt is requiredB.A/B.S degreeProfessionalUnemployedAsian American/Asian

Lack of information aboutYesYesYes2.5-2.99Do not know1 QuarterVery importanB.A/B.S degreeProfessionalAcademicAfrican American/Black

Lack of information aboutI have already taken itYesYesYesDo not knowDo not knowYes1 QuarterVery importanSome collegeManagerialUnemployedCaucasian non-Hispanic/White

Lack of transportationI have already taken itYesYesYesMore than a 4.0Do not knowNo1 QuarterIt is requiredMastersOther working occupationSmall Business OwnerAsian American/Asian

Lack of transportationI plan to take itNoI do not knowNo2.0-2.49Do not knowNo1 QuarterIt is requiredDo not knowOther working occupationOther working occupationAsian American/Asian

Q14

16

4

8

15

12

5

12

17

1

Answers

Frequency

Question 14

Q15

78

0

4

5

2

1

Answers

Frequency of Taking Counseling 100

Taking Counseling 100

Q16

74

16

0

Answers

Frequency

Question 16

Q17

75

3

12

0

Answers

Frequency

Question 17

Q18

79

10

1

Answers

Frequency

Question 18

Q21

27

62

1

Answers

Frequency

Question 21

Q28

25

3

0

39

4

11

8

0

Answers

Frequency

Question 28

Q19

0

0

6

4

21

35

15

6

3

0

Answers

Frequency

Question 19

Q20

2

0

0

2

2

7

16

1

58

2

Answers

Frequency

Question 20

Q22

73

16

0

0

1

0

Answers

Frequency

Question 22

Q23

1

6

41

42

0

Answers

Frequency

Question 23

Q24

4

8

5

22

8

23

10

3

7

0

Answer

Frequency

Question 24

Q25

1

20

8

1

10

10

28

9

3

Answers

Frequency

Question 25

Q26

8

11

8

7

6

7

28

14

1

Answers

Frequency

Question 26

Q27

10

13

12

13

14

11

3

1

5

Answer

Frequency

Question 27

Sheet2

Q14Q15Q15Q16

lack of info about college process16I'm not going to take it5I have already taken it78Yes74

lack of emotional support from family4I plan to take it4I'm currently taking it0No16

lack of academic preparation8I'm currently taking it0I plan to take it4Blank0

lack of info about degrees15I have already taken it78I'm not going to take it5

lack of motivation12I don't know2I don't know2

lack of confidence5Blank1Blank1

lack of transportation12

none of the above17

blank1

Q17Q17Q18Q21

Yes, IGETCYes75Yes79Yes27

Yes, CSUNo3No10No62

Yes, a plan other than IGETC or CSUI don't know12Blank1Blank1

No, I'm not following a planBlank0

I don't know

Blank

Q28Q19Q20Q22

Caucasian non-hispanic/White25Under 1.00Under 1.021 Quarter73

African American/Black31.0-1.4901.0-1.4902 Quarters16

Native American01.50-1.9961.50-1.9903 Quarters0

Asian American/Asian392.0-2.4942.0-2.4924 Quarters0

Pacific Islander42.50-2.99212.50-2.9925 Quarters or more1

Mexican American/Hispanic113.0-3.49353.0-3.497Blank0

Other83.49-4.0153.49-4.016

Blank0More than 4.06More than 4.01

Dont know3Dont know58

Blank0Blank2

Q23Q24Q25Q26

Not1Less than High School4Academic1Academic8

Somewhat6Some High School8Professional20Professional11

Very41High School Graduate5Managerial8Managerial8

Required42Some College22Clerical1Clerical7

Blank0A.A/A.S8Blue collar10Blue collar6

B.A/B.S23Small Business Owner10Small Business Owner7

Masters10Other working occupation28Other working occupation28

Doctorate3unemployed9unemployed14

Don't know7blank3blank1

blank0

Q27

Under 25,00010

25,000-49,00013

50,000-74,00012

75,000-99,99913

100,000-125,00014

125,000-149,00011

150,000-174,9993

175,000-200,0001

Over 200,0005

8

Sheet3

Qualitative AnalysisInterview Findings:

Interview Analysis ContinuedStudents place great importance on pleasing their parentsBakti: Most child in India want to please their parents so they are pressured to work very hard. For me, I think I was okay, my parents just seemed to want me to focus on school.Sara: A lot of people need that push and motivation to make their families proud. I mean if you graduate from college, your parents would be very proud of you and this would also make you feel better. That is why I think family background helps a student be prepared and successful in college because you do not want to disappoint your parents. From our survey: Felt pressured by their parents to go to college32.2% occasionally, 41.1% frequently

Interview analysis contHigh tuition fees increases academic achievementSara: You know that my tuition is very expensive so I would not want to waste my parents money by taking classes that will not be counted towards my major, which is nursing.Bakti: One of the hardest challengesI have to pay a lot of fees, I come from India. I mean I dont have to worry about money but it just seems a lot compared to other students here, each course is close to 600 bucks so I have to pass all my classes

Main Points According to Our Interviews Orientation classes seem to be helpful tools to help students understand the process of how to play the game of college.Parents expectations seem to drive students to do better and focus more in their classes. High tuition fess motivates students to work harder in their classes.

Future ResearchLook at how knowledge about time management affects how a student can succeed in collegeFuture research can also explore whether the success of college students is heavily influenced by positive rapport with peers and instructors.

Future Research Some prior research suggests that parental socioeconomic status had no substantial meaning to academic achievement. Other factors such as motivation and confidence played a salient role in college successFuture Research can take a less traditional approach and continue to explore these factors, hypothesizing that college students can become academically liberated from their socioeconomic origins

RecommendationsInclude teaching time management skills or tips on how to play the game of college in orientation classes for first time college students.Require all brand new students to take the orientation class.

**

De Anza Research Project

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