WHY HISTORIC & EXISTING BUILDINGS ARE IMPORTANTBUILDINGS ACCOUNT FOR ALMOST HALF OF GREEN-HOUSE GAS

EMISSIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

Historic BuildingsHistoric BuildingsAREA: Residential Buildings

0 . 0

5 . 0

10 . 0

15 . 0

2 0 . 0

2 5 . 0

3 0 . 0

19 4 9 orBe f or e

19 5 0 t o19 5 9

19 6 0 t o19 6 9

19 7 0 t o 19 7 9

19 8 0 t o19 8 9

19 9 0 t o2 0 0 1

Construction Decade

Mill

ions

26.6 Million Households24 %

Residential Building InventoryResidential Building InventoryDepartment of EnergyDepartment of Energy

WHY HISTORIC & EXISTING BUILDINGS ARE IMPORTANT

Average energy consumption Btu/sq. ftCommercial Buildings (non malls)

Before 1920 80,1271920 – 1945 90,2341946 – 1959 80,1981960 – 1969 90,9761970 – 1979 94,9681980 – 1989 100,0771990 – 1999 88,8342000 – 2003 79,703

Source: Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey, 2003http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs

PERCEIVED ENERGY INEFFICIENCY

WHY HISTORIC & EXISTING BUILDINGS ARE IMPORTANT

Average annual energy consumption units/Household

Decade built kWh kcf (gas)Before 1949 8,332 821950 – 1959 9,533 711960 – 1969 9,586 631970 – 1979 11,971 611980 – 1989 12,534 631990 – 2001 10,656 70

Source: Total Energy Consumption in US Households by Year of Constructionhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu

PERCEIVED ENERGY INEFFICIENCY

WHY HISTORIC & EXISTING BUILDINGS ARE IMPORTANT

Historically Useful: Warm Climate Features

Wide, overhanging eaves form a two-story, wrap-around porch to shield the building from the sun, and provide

shaded outdoor work and living space.

Large trees growing near the house provide shade during hot summer months, preventing exterior walls from being

exposed to high temperatures.

Sheltered interior courtyard space like this provides much need shade during hot summer months when high

temperatures make outdoor activities uncomfortable.

Thick adobe walls provide substantial thermal mass that slows passive heating and cooling. Rooms stay cool even

on hot summer days and warm when heated in the cooler months.

Interior shutters like these are not only decorative, but can be closed to keep a room cool by reducing solar gain on

hot days.

4/29/2011 Historically Useful: Warm Climate Feat…

preservationnation.org/…/historically-u… 1/3

NTHP Preservation Week 1980 poster

Winter & Company, Boulder Colorado

Winter & Company Boulder, Colorado

RESPONSIBLE ENERGY UPGRADES TO HISTORIC BUILDINGS

Step 1: Planning

RESPONSIBLE ENERGY UPGRADES TO HISTORIC BUILDINGS

RECOVERY ACT & NHPA SECTION 106 REVIEWS

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) was signed into law by President Obama on February 17, 2009. Many of the projects funded through the Recovery Act have the potential to support the preservation and productive use of historic properties. Recovery Act Projects, like all federal and federally-sponsored programs and projects, are reviewed pursuant to Sections 106 and 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) requires federal agencies to consider the effects of proposed federal undertakings on historic properties. NHPA's implementing regulations found in 36 CFR Part 800, require federal agencies (and their designees, permittees, licensees, or grantees) to initiate consultation with the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) as part of the Section 106 review process. SHPO consultations should be initiated early in the project planning process, BEFORE the project is begun.

What is an undertaking? Undertaking means a project, activity or program, funded in whole or in part under the direct or indirect jurisdiction of a federal agency, including those carried out by or on behalf of a federal agency; those carried

out with federal financial assistance; and those requiring a federal; permit, license, or approval. (�800.16

(y))

If the undertaking is a type of activity that does not have the potential to cause effects on historic properties, assuming such historic properties were present, the agency official has no further obligations under Section

106. (�800.3(a)(1)).

Note: Certain types of projects funded by the Department of Energy (DOE) under the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant program (EECBG), State Energy Program (SEP) and Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) are categorically exempted from the Section 106 SHPO consultation because they have been determined to have limited potential to adversely affect historic properties. These projects include undertakings for planning, training and educational purposes, undertakings to replace equipment on existing buildings or structures that result in no building or structure changes or ground disturbances, and undertakings on buildings or structures less than 45 years of age that will result in no ground disturbances. A list of projects categorically excluded from SHPO review in California is available here. A copy of the ARRA Programmatic Agreement between the California Energy Commission (CEC), Department of Community Services and Development, USDOE, and OHP can be viewed here.

What is a historic property? A historic property is any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object included in, or eligible for inclusion in, the National Register of Historic Places. For more information see National Register Bulletin 15, "How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation."

FIRST AMENDED PROGRAMMATIC AGREEMENT AMONG THE CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION,

THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY SERVICES AND DEVELOPMENT, THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, AND

THE CALIFORNIA STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER REGARDING SECTION 106 COMPLIANCE FOR DEPARTMENTOF ENERGY

AMERICAN RECOVERY AND REINVESTMENT ACT PROGRAMS

WHEREAS, the United States Department of Energy (DOE) administers the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program under the Energy Independence and Securities Act of 2007 (EECBG), administers the State Energy Program under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 and the State Energy Efficiency Programs Improvement Act of 1990 (SEP), and administers the Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) for low-income persons under Title IV of the Energy Conservation and Production Act, the Energy Policy Act of 2005, and the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, and provides financial assistance for the EECBG, SEP, and WAP under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA); co"ectively referred to as the "DOE ARRA" programs; and

WHEREAS, the unprecedented levels of funding available to the DOE ARRA programs has created a large volume of projects requiring expedited historic preservation reviews to ensure the timely obligation of funds, that create new jobs, and improve local and state economies; and

WHEREAS, the California State Office of Historic Preservation (OHP) is experiencing unprecedented numbers of requests for historic preservation review of undertakings funded by a" Federal Agencies, including undertakings funded by the DOE ARRA programs; and

WHEREAS, the California State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission (Energy Commission) and the California Department of Community Services and Development (CSD) are receiving financial assistance from DOE to carry out the DOE ARRA programs; and

WHEREAS, the projects funded by the DOE ARRA programs are undertakings subject to review under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, 16 USC 470f (NHPA) and its implementing regulations at 36 CFR Part 800 and include energy efficiency retrofits, renewables, and weatherization (undertakings); and

WHEREAS, the DOE's August 28, 2009 Memorandum from Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Regarding Delegation of Authority for Section 106 Review of Undertakings, Assisted by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy authorizes recipients of DOE ARRA program awards to initiate consultation with the California State Historic

1

National Park ServiceU.S. Department of the Interior

Technical Preservation Services

What are the issues that are sometimes in conflict with the Secretary of the interior’s

Standards?Replacing Windows without assessing their significance

and ability to be upgraded

Installing inappropriate solar roofing

Insulating walls without replacing historic trim

Adding Dormers or other glazing features to enhance day-lighting

Removing historic functional features, like air shafts and cupolas, that could enhance the energy performance of

the building

GreenPoint Rated Existing Home Checklist

8 2 2 4

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AA. COMMUNITY

1. Infill Site

No a. Home is Located in a Built Urban Setting with Utilities in Place 1 1

No b. Home is Located within 1/2 Mile of a Major Transit Stop 2

2. Compact Development & House Size

a. Density of 10 Units per Acre or Greater (Enter units/acre) 2 2

No b. Home Size Efficiency (5 points is average, points awarded based on home size) 1--10

3. Pedestrian and Bicycle Access/ Alternative Transportation

a. Site has Pedestrian Access Within ½ Mile of neighborhood services:

TIER 1: 1) Day Care 2) Community Center 3) Public Park

4) Drug Store 5) Restaurant 6) School

7) Library 8) Farmer's Market 9) After School Programs

10) Convenience Store Where Meat & Produce are Sold

TIER 2: 1) Bank 2) Place of Worship 3) Laundry/Cleaners

4) Hardware 5) Theater/Entertainment 6) Fitness/Gym 7) Post Office 8) Senior Care Facility 9) Medical/Dental 10) Hair Care 11) Commercial Office of Major Employer 12) Full Supermarket

No 5 Services Listed Above (Tier 2 Services count as 1/2 Service Value) 1

No 10 Services Listed Above (Tier 2 Services count as 1/2 Service Value) 1

No b. Access to A Dedicated Pedestrian Pathway to Places of Recreational Interest within 1/2 Mile

1

No c. At Least Two of the Following Traffic-Calming Strategies Installed within 1/4 mile: 1

Designated Bicycle Lanes are Present on Roadways;

Ten-Foot Vehicle Travel Lanes;

Street Crossings Closest to Site are Located Less Than 300 Feet Apart;

Streets Have Rumble Strips, Bulbouts, Raised Crosswalks or Refuge Islands

4. Safety & Social Gathering

No a. Front Entrance Has Views from the Inside to Outside Callers 1

No b. Front Entrance Can be Seen from the Street and/or from Other Front Doors 1

No c. Porch (min. 100sf) Oriented to Streets and Public Spaces 1

5. Diverse Households

No a. Home Has at Least One Zero-Step Entrance 1

No b. All Main Floor Interior Doors & Passageways Have a Min. 32-Inch Clear Passage Space 1

No c. Home includes at Least a Half-Bath on the Ground Floor with Blocking for Grab Bars 1

No d. Lot Includes Full-Function Independent Rental Unit 1

Total Points Available in Community = 29

Project Name

Possible Points

The GreenPoint Rated checklist tracks green features incorporated into the home. A home is only GreenPoint Rated if all features are verified by a Certified GreenPoint Rater through Build It Green. GreenPoint Rated is provided as a public service by Build It Green, a professional non-profit whose mission is to promote healthy, energy and resource efficient buildings in California. This checklist is used to track projects seeking a Whole House or Elements Rating using the GreenPoint Rated Existing Home Rating System. The minimum requirements for a green home seeking the Elements and Whole House Rating are listed in the project summary at the end of this checklist. Selected measures can be awarded points allocated by the percentage of presence of the measure in the home. Not all measures are available for allocation. The measure or practice must be found in at least 10% of the home to earn points. The criteria for the green building practices listed below are described in the GreenPoint Rated Existing Home Rating Manual. For more information please visit www.builditgreen.org/greenpointrated

Column A is a dropdown menu with the options of "Yes", "No", or "TBD" or a range of percentages to allocate points. Select the appropriate dropdown and the apropriate points will appear in the yellow "points acheived" column.GreenPoint Rated Existing Home Checklist version 1.2

ElementsEnter Label:

Points Achieved:

08 2 2 40 0 0 0 0

© 2008 Build It Green GreenPoint Rated Existing Home Whole House Checklist v1.1 1

RESPONSIBLE ENERGY UPGRADES TO HISTORIC BUILDINGS

Step 2: Quantification

RESPONSIBLE ENERGY UPGRADES TO HISTORIC BUILDINGS

Step 3: Installation

G

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Cold outside air drawn into the house

Heated inside air drawn into the attic

Effects of Air Leaks

1.3 LOCATING AIR LEAKS

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

Common HouseholdAir Leaks

Between Floor JoistsBehind Kneewalls

Attic Hatch

Wiring Holes

Plumbing Vent

Open Soffit (the box thathides recessed lights)

Recessed Light

Furnace Flue or DuctChaseways (the hollow box orwall feature that hides ducts)

Basement Rim Joist (wherethe foundation meets thewood framing)

78 Building Science.com Moisture No.8/78

7 yrs old, non-traditional problems What has changed?

BuildingScience.com Attic Sealing Guide

46

electrical and lighting systems

chApter outline

Common upgrades for electrical systems

Super-efficient appliances exceed Energy Star requirements

Eliminating phantom loads

Energy-efficient upgrades for lighting

PV you can barely see. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) products make it possible to minimize the visual impact of PV installations. BIPV roof shingles offer a very unobtrusive way to generate electricity from sunlight –an attractive option for historic houses. Photo courtesy of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory

E xplore the attic of a house built in the early 1900s and you’re likely to find old ceramic insulators, bare wires, and other evidence of knob-and-tube wiring systems –the earliest form of residential wiring. Despite subsequent electrical upgrades, an old house can still lag behind

the latest standards for capacity, safety and energy efficiency.This chapter covers common upgrades that can improve electrical safety while also promoting efficient energy use. If you want to go beyond these basics, there are more ways to reduce electricity use and thus increase green value –with super-efficient appliances and photovoltaic panels.These options will be covered later in the chapter, along with lighting system upgrades.

Safety and code compliance.Working with electricity always poses potential safety hazards that range from mild shocks to fire and electrocution.Whether a homeowner or electrical contractor is doing electrical work, it’s essential to check with the building department to see if a building permit is required, and to ensure that safe, code-compliant work is done.

46

Solar Panel/Renewables Locations in Historic Districts

Winter & Company, Boulder Colorado

Page 1 of 6

July 22, 2010

Re: Energy Upgrade California Preservation Working Group Recommendations and Suggestions for Improving Upgrade Performance on Older Homes and Reduced Approval Times.

Congratulations on choosing to own an older home,

An increasing body of work continues to confirm that buildings constructed prior to widespread air conditioning or even central heat, perform better than most homes constructed prior to the mid-1980’s. They also were typically constructed of more durable materials than modern buildings which improve sustainability as well.

We are providing materials for your review which we hope will help you make upgrade decisions that will preserve both historic materials and passive comfort features often built into our older homes. You should be aware that all structures forty five years old and older will need to be evaluated per the federal Historic Preservation Act of 1966 in a process called Section 106 review. As is commonly done on large programs like this, the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) has signed a Programmatic Agreement (PA) with the relevant federal funding agencies to provide an expedited review process. For the vast majority of projects that do not involve window replacement or solar panel installation, this will reduce your historical review process to a few weeks versus five months to a year or more. The Section 106 process if the main evaluation, but if your home is also on the National Register of Historic Places, is a local landmark or is in a local historic district, you should also expect to have a review by your community historic review body. While this should be mostly a formality for PA or Section 106 approved work, they may have additional requirements that you should make yourself aware of prior to selecting upgrade measures. Your preservation board can typically be contacted through the local Planning or Community Development Department.

We will begin with an overview of the materials in the package provided and some additional comments and/or corrections as they apply to the climate and regulations of our area. The second portion will be a checklist of the minimum materials needed for your historical review submittal and a request for supplemental materials to improve the quality of the findings as well as reduce the processing time.

19

ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION (From Illustrated Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings)

Recommended Not Recommended Masonry/Wood/

Architectural Metals Installing thermal insulation in attics and

in unheated cellars and crawlspaces to increase the efficiency of the existing mechanical systems.

Installing insulating material on the inside of masonry walls to increase energy efficiency where there is no character-defining interior molding around the window or other interior architectural detailing

Applying thermal insulation with ah high moisture content into wall cavities which may damage historic fabric.

Installing wall insulation without considering its effect on interior molding or other architectural detailing.

Windows Utilizing the inherent energy conserving features of a building by maintaining windows and louvered blinds in good operable condition for natural ventilation.

Improving thermal efficiency with weather-stripping, storm windows, caulking, interior shades, and if historically appropriate, blinds and awnings.

Installing interior storm windows with air-tight gaskets, ventilating holes, and/or removable clips to insure proper maintenance and to avoid condensation damage to historic windows.

Installing exterior storm windows which do not damage or obscure the windows and frames.

Removing historic shading devices rather than keeping them in an operable condition.

Replacing historic multi-paned sash with new thermal sash utilizing false muntins.

Installing interior storm windows that allow moisture to accumulate and damage the window.

Installing new exterior storm windows which are inappropriate in size or color.

Replacing windows or transoms with fixed thermal glazing or permitting windows and transoms to remain inoperable rather than utilizing them for their energy conserving potential.

Entrances & Porches Maintaining porches and double vestibule entrances so that they can retain heat or block the sun and provide natural ventilation.

Changing the historic appearance of the building by enclosing porches.

Interior Features Retaining historic interior shutters and transoms for their inherent energy-conserving features.

Removing historic interior features which play a secondary energy conserving role.

Mechanical Systems Improving energy efficiency of existing mechanical systems by installing insulation in attics and basements.

Replacing existing mechanical systems that could be repaired for continued use

Building Site Retaining plant materials, tress, and landscape features, especially those which perform passive solar energy functions such as sun shading and wind breaks.

Removing plant materials, tress, and landscape features, that perform passive solar energy functions.

Setting Maintaining those existing landscape features which moderate the effects of the climate on the setting such as deciduous trees, evergreen wind-blocks, and lakes or ponds.

Stripping the setting of landscape features and landforms so that effects of the wind, rain, and sun result in accelerated deterioration of the historic building.

New Additions to Historic Buildings

Placing a new addition that may be necessary to increase energy efficiency on non-character-defining elevations.

Designing a new addition which obscures, damages, or destroys character-defining features.

sustainable solutions for historic houses in northern california a voluntary green code & green rehabilitation manual

1

THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR’S STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION &

ILLUSTRATED GUIDELINES ON SUSTAINABILITY FOR REHABILITATING HISTORIC BUILDINGS

U.S. Department of the InteriorNational Park ServiceTechnical Preservation Services

www.ohp.parks.ca.gov

OHP RESOURCES

ONLINE RESOURCES . Excellent references “sustainable solutions for historic homes in northern california”

www.epa.gov/brownfields/sustain_plts/reports/green_home_guide_final.pdf

[NEW] Secretary of the Interior’s Illustrated Guidelines for Sustainable Rehabilitation http://www2.cr.nps.gov/tps/standards/rehabilitation/sustainability-guidelines.pdf.

EPA Home Sealing and Insulation Brochure http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/publications/pubdocs/DIY_Guide_May_2008.pdf EPA Duct Sealing Brochure http://www.energystar.gov/ia/products/heat_cool/ducts/DuctSealingBrochure04.pdf Online energy evaluation and recommendation systems. Home Energy Saver, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, US Dept of Energy

http://hes.lbl.gov Other resources: The Sonoma County Historical Society also has links to these and other documents.

Go to the site and select “Preservation” from the left menu. www.sonomacountyhistory.org Federal (ACHP) and State (OHP) policy regarding Section 106 historical review of

Recovery Act assisted energy projects and Ca. Programmatic Agreement http://www.achp.gov/recovery/index.html http://www.achp.gov/recovery/faqs.html http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=26059 http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/pages/1054/files/cec-pa.pdf

Several Sonoma County towns have also posted some of these documents online.

Contact: Mark DeBacker, architect info@LandmarksRenovation.com www.LandmarksRenovation.com Green Preservation Consulting Section 106 reviews-clearances