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INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR SAFETY OF
LASER PRODUCTS AND OF LASER PROCESSING MACHINES- AN OVERVIEW -
Associazione Industriali
Vicenza, 18.03.10
Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Pster- Safety engineer -
Paper: #
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International Regulations for
Safety of Laser Products and forSafety of Laser Processing Machines- An Overview -
Introduction
EU-Legislation- Articles
- Directives
International Standards- ISO, CEN, UNI
- IEC, CENELEC, CEI
Cooperation between international standardizing bodiesIEC and ISO using the example of laser safety
Approach to safety of laser processing machines- standards directly related to laser safety- standards related to safety of machinery
Conclusions
Contents
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International Regulations
on Safety of Laser Safety
The Jungle of Regulations
Article 95
EN 12100
98/37/EC
Article 137
New Approach
ISOIEC
TypeA-, B-, C-
Standards
UNICENELEC
CEN
HarmonizedStandards
2006/42/EC
89/391/EEC
IEC 60825-1
ISO 11553-1
ISO 13949-1
EN 954-1
EN 207Safety of
Machinery
IEC 60825-4
safelaser
processingm
achine
Article95
Article137
2006/42/EC
ISO12100
SystematicStructure
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European Legislation
- Technology and Safety -
European Directives(according to Amsterdam Treaty, 1999)
APPROXIMATION OF LAWS
Article 95
Measures for the approximation of theprovisions laid down by law, regulation or
administrative action in Member States;establishment and functioning of the internal
market.
SOCIAL PROVISIONS
Article 137
Improvement in particular of the workingenvironment to protect workers' healthand safety
Framework Directives
Generic Directives- sector specific
Individual Directives- concerned with specific
aspects of health and safety
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European Directives
Framework Directive
2001/104/EC, (7th December 2001)on medical devices
2006/95/EC, (12th December 2006)on electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits (low voltage)
2006/42/EC, (17th May 2006)on safety of machinery
2004/108/EC, (15th December 2004)on electromagnetic compatibility and repealing Directive 89/336/EEC
Single Directive
89/686/EEC, (21st December 1989)on personal protective equipment
93/465/EEC, (22nd July 1993)concerning the modules for the various phases of the conformity assessment proceduresand the rules for the affixing and use of the CE conformity marking, which are intended to be used inthe technical harmonization directives
Under Article 95Measures for the approximation of the provisions
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European Directives
89/391/EEC, (12th June 1989)on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and
health of workers at work
Framework Directive
Under Article 137Safety and health of workers at work
Single Directive
2003/10/EC, (6th February 2003)on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risksarising from physical agents (noise)
2004/40/EC, (29th April 2004)on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risksarising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields)
2006/25/EC, (5th April 2006)on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to risksarising from physical agents (artificial optical radiation)
98/24/EC, (7th April 1998)on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents atwork (chemical agents)
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European Regulations related to Health and
Safety at Work88/642/EEC: Protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to chemical,
physical and biological agents89/391/EEC: Measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of
workers
Directive on Physical Agents1992 proposed /
1993 proposal withdrawn
Directive onChemical Agents
98/24/EC
Directive onBiological Agents
2005/54/EC
NoiseDirective
2003/10/EC
VibrationDirective
2002/44/EC
EMFDirective
2004/40/EC
OpticalRadiationDirective
2006/25/EC
ArbSchLrmVibrationsV03/2007
IndividualDirectives
IndividualDirectives
National Provisions
Physical Agents (PhysV)
Artikel 137
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International Standardization Bodies
European Level
National Level (Italy)
International Level
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Hierarchy of the European Standards
System
Basic safety standards
Safety group standards(generic standards)
Subject or product
safety standards
TypeA Standards
Design principles and
basic concepts for machines
Typ C Standards
Specific safety requirements forspecial machines or machine types
TypeB Standards
B1 StandardsGeneral safety aspects
B2 StandardsReference to specialprotective devices
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Standards related to Laser Safety(Examples of Type A, B und C-Standards)
EC-DirectiveMachinery
Type A-Standards(Basic standards)
Type C-Standards(Product Standard)
Basic requirements on safety and health
Directive 89/392/EEC (consolidated by 98/37/EC, 2006/42/EC)
Basic safety requirements
ISO 12100 P1, P2 Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principlesfor design
Type B-Standards(Generic standards)
Type B1 Safety aspects
ISO 13857 Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zonesbeing reached by upper and lower limbs
ISO 13849-1 Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems -Part 1: General principles for design
Type B2 Safety related devices
ISO 13850 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop - Principles for design
ISO 14119 Safety of machinery - Interlocking devices associated withguards - Principles for design and selection
Detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or type of machines
ISO 11553-2 Safety of machinery - Laser processing machines - Part 2:Safety requirements for hand-held laser processing devices
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Structuring of ISO/TC 172
Structuring of ISO/TC 172
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Structuring of IEC/TC 76
C - List of technical committees andubcommittees
Total number of TC/SCs 174
IEC Technical Committees 94
IEC Subcommittees 80
WG 1Optical radiation
safety
WG 3Laser radiationmeasurement
WG 4Safety of
medical laser
equipment
WG 5Safety of
fiber optics
communicationssystems
WG 7High
power lasers
WG 8Development
and
Maintenanceof basic
standards
WG 9Non coherent
sources
JWG 10IEC/ISO
Safety of lasersand
laser equipmentin an
Industrialmaterials
processingenvironment
IEC/TC 76
Optical radiation safety and laser equipment
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Cooperation of ISO and IEC
with regard to laser safety
ISOTC 172
SC 9
WG 3Safety
IECTC 76
WG 10Safety
JWG
JointWorking
Group
Joint Working Group of ISO and IEC
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Steps on the way to elaborate an
International Standard
VotingYes/No
Proposal of aStandard
NationalWorking Group
NWIP(New Work Item
Proposal)
WD(Working Draft)
Consensus betweenExperts of WG
CD(Committee Draft)
Consensus within
TC/SC
Comments
TC/SC
VotingYes/No
Proposal of aStandard
NationalWorking Group
NWIP(New Work Item
Proposal)
WD(Working Draft)
Consensus betweenExperts of WG
CD(Committee Draft)
Consensus within
TC/SC
Comments
TC/SC
Objections /
DIS
(Draft InternationalStandard)
Consensus
FDIS(Final Draft
International Standard)
Final Text ofInternational
Standard
Publication ofInternational
Standard
Formal VotingYes/No
Objections /Comments
DIS
(Draft InternationalStandard)
Consensus
FDIS(Final Draft
International Standard)
Final Text ofInternational
Standard
Publication ofInternational
Standard
Formal Voting
Yes/No
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Development of an International Standard
- Stages -
Reference: DIN
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Machinery Directive
2006/42/EC
1. ESSENTIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
1.5. RISKS DUE TO OTHER HAZARDS
1.5.12 Laser radiation
Where laser equipment is used, the following should be taken into account:
laser equipment on machinery must be designed and constructed in such a wayas to prevent any accidental radiation,
laser equipment on machinery must be protected in such a way that effective radiation,radiation produced by reflection or diffusion and secondary radiation do not damagehealth,
optical equipment for the observation or adjustment of laser equipment on machinerymust be such that no health risk is created by laser radiation.
ANNEX I
Essential health and safety requirements relating to the design and constructionof machinery
The essential health and safety requirements laid down in this Annex are mandatory;
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Changes of new Machinery Directive
2006/42/EC(extract) Changes are especially prevalent with the conformity assessment procedure of Annex IV Machines (exempt
from Type Examination). For the manufacturer the new directive opens up the option of self-certification with-out the participation of a test center, if they have a quality assurance procedure in accordance with Annex X.
The basic safety and health requirements (Annex I) will in future require a risk assessment
by the manufacturer. In the old Machinery Directive there are different procedures for proving the safety of machinery,
exchangeable equipment, safety components, chains/ropes/belts for lifting purposes, Cardan shafts andload-carrying equipment.In the future the same machine regulations will also apply for these products. They will have to be distributedin the future with CE conformity assessment, declaration of conformity and the required user information.
The requirements for "part-machines" (also referred to as "incomplete machines") have been re-formulatedin the new version of the Machinery Directive. Until now a manufacturer declaration was sufficient, but in thefuture the manufacturer will also have to supply a declaration of incorporation, which must specify whichrequirements of the directive apply to the part-machine and have been complied with. Installation instructionsmust be provided with the machines documentation.
The delimitation of the Low Voltage Directive is no longer regulated as risk-related, but rather product-related.
Clearer delimitation of the Machinery Directive for the Low Voltage Directive.
Instead of a "hazard analysis" a risk assessment and "risk evaluation" are required.
Internal production controls for series machines (Annex VIII).
The validity of EC Type Examination certifications must be checked by the test center every 5 years.Manufacturers and test centers are obligated to retain the relevant technical documents for 15 years.
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3-Step Procedure given in ISO 12100-1
Safety requirements3-Step Procedure given in ISO 12100-1
p 1: Inherently safe design measures
Step 2: Safeguarding andcomplimentaryprotective measures
Step 3: Information for use- at the machine- in the instruction handbook
Protective measures takenby the designer
Protective measures takenby the user
- Organization- Provision of additional safeguards- Personal protective equipment
- complete shielding- contact control- safety PLC
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Risk Assessment
DIN EN 1050 Safety of machinery Principles of hazard analysis
Method of hazard analysisand Risk assessment :(examples)- What-if-method
- Fault tree analysis- FMEA*- MOSAR*
* Failure mode and effects analysisMethod organized for systematic analysis of risks
DIN EN ISO 14121-1:2007 Safety of machinery - Risk assessment - Part 1: Principles
AccordingtoDIN
EN
ISO1
210
0-1
Determination ofmachine limits
Hazardidentification
yes
no
EndIs the
machinesafe ?
Risk
analysis
Risk reduction
Iterative process to achieve safety
Start
Risk evaluation
Risk estimation
Risk
assessment
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Standards directly related to laser safety
- Examples -Responsibility of IEC
IEC 60825 Safety of laser products
P1 Equipment classificationand requirements
P2 Safety of optical fibrecommunication systems (OFCS)
P4 Laser guards
P...
IEC 60601-2-22 Medical electrical equipment
Requirements for the basic safety
and essential performance ofsurgical, cosmetic, therapeutic
and laser equipment
Responsibility of ISO
ISO 11553 Safety of machineryLaser processing machines
P1 General safety requirements
P2 Safety requirements forhand-held laser
processingdevices
National responsibilitiesDIN 56912 Showlaser and Show-
laser equipmentSafety requirements and
control
Responsibility of CENISO 12254 Screens for laser
working placesSafety requirements andtesting
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Standards indirectly related to laser safety
- Examples -
EN 61040 Power and energy measuring detectors, Instruments, andequipment for laser radiation
- standards of equipment
- standards for measuring and interpretation
EN ISO 11146 Lasers and laser-related equipment, Test methods for laser beamwidths divergence angles and beam propagation ratios
P1 Stigmatic and simple astigmatic beamsP2 General astigmatic beams
EN ISO 13694 Optics and optical instruments - Lasers and laser-related equipment,Test methods for laser beam power (energy) density distribution
EN ISO 11145 Optics and photonics - Lasers and laser-related equipment,
Vocabulary and symbols
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Overview about the series of standardsIEC 60825
PartNo.
Type Title and scope Designerof the
Product
Manufacturerof the
Product
User ofthe
Product
Manufacturerof safety-
related parts
Test
method
Hazard
analysis
1 Standard Equipment classification and requirements Yes yes yes yes yes yes
2 Standard Safety of optical fiber communicationsystems
yes yes yes yes yes yes
3 TechnicalReport
Guidance for laser displays and shows no no yes no no yes
4 Standard Laser guards yes yes yes yes yes yes
5 Technical
Report
Manufacturer's checklist for IEC 60825-1(good for safety report)
yes yes no yes no no
6 Technical
Specification
7 Technical
Report
8 Technical
Report
Guidelines for the safe use of laser beamson humans
no no yes no no no
9 Technical
Report
Compilation of maximum permissibleexposure to incoherent optical radiation
no no yes no yes yes
10 Technical
Report
Application guidelines and explanatory notesto IEC 60825-1
yes yes no no yes no
12 Standard Safety of free space optical communicationsystems used for transmission of information
yes yes yes no yes yes
14 Technical
Report
A user's guide no yes yes no no yes
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New regulations with regard to
artificial optical radiation19. Single Directive 2006/25/EG on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposureof workers to risks asing from physical agents(artificial optical radiation)
National implementation until 27.04.2010
Electromagnetic Radiation: 100 nm 1 mm
Non-coherent radiation(each artificial optical radiation
except for laser radiation)
Coherent radiation(Laser radiation)
International Standards
National RegulationsELIA (BG)
BGV B9BGI 5006
IEC 62471
BGV B2+ DA 2007
IEC 60825-1
Labeling of the area W 09 W 10
Exposure limits
(Time base)
180nm 400nm
Single-day exposition (8h = 30.000s)Annual exposition (value)380nm 1mmSingle-day exposition (value)
Single-day exposition
Exceptions: = vis: 0,25s
No MPE alteration 400nm: >100s 1050nm: >10s
pulsed LEDanalog to BGV B2
LED
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Safety of Laser Products
IEC 60825-1:Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
Main parts:
- laser classification scheme
- instructions to classify a laser product
- engineering specifications
- labelling of laser products
Users guide in TR 60825-14
Last substantial changes regarding the laser classification concept took place in 2001 (A2)
From January 2004 for new laser products: classes 1, 1M, 2, 2M, 3R, 3B and 4.
Classification into class 1 according to IEC 60825-1 is based on strict requirements:- Prevention of human access (above AEL class 1),
- Provision for foreseeable fault conditions,
- Coping of single-fault conditions.
Class 1 laser products must be inherently safe and the user does not need to know that alaser product is integral part of the machine;
- laser guards: in fault conditions (exposure of the guard) the laser radiation must beautomatically isolated,
- human access (walk in access): the access is automatically detected followed by aninstantaneous isolation of laser radiation.
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Technical standards for screens/guards
at laser work places
Laser guards
EN 60825-4: 2009
Screens for laser working places
EN 12254: 2008
Laser radiationmax. 100 W mean powermax. 30 J single pulse energy
intermittent/permanentpassive laser screens
- continuous surveillance -
for protection against laser radiation
only (unintended exposure)
not against secondary radiation
Testing of laser resistance:
d63 of laser beam >2 mm (>0,5 mm)Test-duration: EN 60825-1
Laser radiationno power-/ energy limitation
intermittent/permanent
aktive and passive laser guards andscreens (applies to all elements of alaser guard)- also unattended automatic mode -
Testing of laser resistance:
determinaton of protective exposure
limit (PEL)EN 60825-4, Clause 3.4:Requirements on testing
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Guarding around a
laser processing machine
according to IEC 60825-4
Foreseeableexposure limit
(FEL)Maximum reasonably foreseeable
exposure at the front surfaceof the laser protective guard
Protective exposure limit(PEL)
Protective properties of the
laser protective guardto prevent exceedingof AEL class 1
at the rear surface
Laser protective guard
Process area
Laser
Laser processing machine
Outside the laser protective guardLaser Class 1 (AEL)
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Risk analysis to design passive laser
protective guards
Question: when will a failure be recognized?(radiation hits the guard)
Laser-protective guard must safely protect over this time
Ref.: IEC 60825-4
Recommended application
automated production
short-cycle operation with
intermittent inspection
processing under continuous
surveillance
Inspection interval
30.000 s
100 s
10 s
Test class
T1
T2
T3
Classification of the laser protective guards with given protection level (PEL)
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Safety of Laser Processing Machines
ISO 11553-1:
Safety of machinery - Laser processing machines - Part 1: General safety requirements
Predominantly, an inherently safe machine is required(accessible radiation should not exceed MPE)
Unauthorized access to danger zones shall be prevented by engineering measures.
Applicable for functionally complete systems
Main parts:
- hazard analysis
- risk assessment
- engineering specifications
- safety measures (for laser radiation and further standards)
- information provided to the user
The standard also permits administrative control measures and personal
protective equipment to reduce risks by laser radiation.
The machinery directive and the harmonized standards on safety of machinery requirethat no hazardous laser radiation is emitted from the machine;
- laser guards: inspection intervals by operators can be used, to terminate the timeof the laser resistance of passive laser guards in fault conditions
- human access (walk in access): the access can be restricted by administrative means
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Control of access
People All, including thepublic
Personnel untrainedin laser safety but not
the public
Authorizedand trained in
lasersafety
Location Unrestricted anduncontrolled
RestrictedControlled
Description of Locations
Reference: ISO 11553-1
Corresponding measures for control of access must be provided
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Embedded laser products- laser processing machines -
Safety position
switch withguard locking(magnetic lock)
Interlock
InterlockFiberconnector
Safe fiber- temperature- breakage
Laserguards/walls
Control panel
Safetyshutter
SafetyPLC
Restrictedarea
Controlled area
Operatingmode
Safety door
Emissionwarninglight
Powersupply
Powersupply
stop
12
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Protective measures for use of laser units
Safe according
DIN EN ISO 12100DIN EN ISO 11553-1
safe as class 1
Technical measures
Safe according
DIN EN 60825-1
laser class 1
Administrative measures
Safety must be achieved byfollowing measures*:
Technical measures
The laser installation/unit must
be inherently safe with regard to
technic and design
Type of safety measures for enclosed laser units
*Laser units with restricted access
Safety must be achieved byfollowing measures*:
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Areas of applications of different standardsrelated to functional safety
Construction and risk assessment
EN ISO 12100
Functional and safety requirementson a safety-related control system
Electrical safety aspects
IEC/EN 60204
Design and implementation of safety-relevant electrical control system
EN ISO 13849SRP/CS as
E/E/PES Hydraulics Pneumatics Mechanics
IEC/EN 62061SRP/CS as E/E/PES
SRECS
Machinery
IEC/EN 61508SRP/CS as E/E/PES
IEC/EN 61511
Process
industry
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Controls and their safety functions
SensorSensor ActuatorActuator
acquisition of information
- command- detect
processing of information
- control- evaluate
performing of action
- actuate- switch off
Safety function
? B, 1, 2, 3, 4
EN 954-1 Safety-related parts of control systems -EN ISO 13849-1 Part 1: General principles for design
EN ISO 13849-2 Safety-related parts of control systems -Part 2: Validation
Standards
Control Categories
Cat. 3: a single fault in each of these parts must not
cause a loss of the safety function
Cat. 4: an accumulation of faults must not cause theloss of the safety function
Laser Class 1:
Design of safety related devices
- fail-safe- single-fault condition
ProgrammableLogic Control
ProgrammableLogic Control
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Iterative procedure for the design ofsafety related parts of controls (SRP/CS)
Identify the required safety functions,performed by SRP/CS
Define the safety function requirementsfor each safety function
Determine the requiredPerformance Level PLr
Design and technical realization of the safety functions:Identification of safety related parts,
performing the safety function
Determine and evaluate the Performance Level PLfor the above mentioned SRP/CS with regard to:
category MTTFd DC CCF if applicable: Software
Procedure ofrisk reductionISO 12100-1Protective measuredepends on a control
Start
Verification of PLFor a certain safety function:
PL PLr
Validation:Have all demands
been achieved?
Have all safety functionsbeen analyzed?
yes
yes
yes
no
no
no
End
Procedure ofrisk reductionISO 12100-1
Steps
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Safety functions of controls
- Emergency Stop(acc. IEC 60204-1 and ISO 13850)
- Prevention of unexpected start-up(acc. ISO 14118)
- Start/Stop-Control: controlled start(acc. IEC 60204-1)
- Operation control device with automatic reset facility
(acc. IEC 60204-1, EN 574)- Enabling switch, e.g. 3-step (in danger area)
(acc. IEC 60204-1, EN 1088)
Typical safety functions of a laser processing machine
Safety related parts of controls (SRP/CS)
requirements on SRP/CS as result of risk evaluation(leads typically to cat. 3 acc. EN 954-1 or ISO 13849-1)
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Hazard identification and risk evaluationRisk graph for the determination of the required
performance level (PLr)
1
S1
S2
F1
F2
F1
F2
P1
P2
P1
P2P1
P2
P1
P2
a
b
c
d
e
L
H
DIN EN ISO 13849-1
Legend
1 Point at which the evaluation
of the contribution to the riskminimization begins
L Low contribution to risk minimizationH High contribution to risk minimizationPLr Required performance level
PLr Risk parameters
S Severity of potential injuryS1 Slight (normally reversible injury)S2 Serious (normally irreversible injury or death)F Frequency and/or exposure time to hazardF1 Seldom to not very frequent and/or exposure
time to hazard is shortF2 Frequent to continuous and/or exposure timeto hazard is longP Possibility of preventing the hazard orlimiting the harmP1 Possible under certain conditions
P2 Scarcely possible
hi f G l
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SV1
Control partsof the laser device
Architecture of HLG control- HLG-Block diagram -
Terms:
B1/B2 SensorA1/A2 Amplifier
G1/G2 Limit switch
K1 PLC
Q1/Q2 Safety relay
SV1 Safety shutter
K1
A1B1
A2B2
G1
G2
A3B3
A4B4
G3
G4
K1
Feedback
Switch-off testfurther input-units(diverse functional principle)
Channel 1
Channel 2
Line 1
Line 2
Q1
Q2
Control partsof the laser device
K1 signal check- plausibility- simultaneity
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Control categories defined in EN 954-1
Cat. Summary of requirements System behavior 1) Principle forachieving safety
B The safety-related parts of controlsystems and/ or their protective devicesand their components shall be designed,
constructed, selected and combined inaccordance with the applicable standardsin such a way that they can withstand theexpected influences and effects.
The occurrence of a faultcan cause the loss of thesafety
function.
Predominantlycharacterized bythe selection of
components.
1 The requirements of B shall be satisfied.
Approved components and approvedsafety principles must be applied.
The occurrence of a fault
can cause the loss of thesafety function, but theprobability that one willoccur is lower than in B.
Predominantly
characterized bythe selection ofcomponents.
2 The requirements of B and the use of
approved safety principles shall beensured. The safety function shall bechecked at appropriate intervals by themachine control system.
The occurrence of a fault
can cause the loss of thesafety function between thetest intervals. The loss ofthe safety function isdetected by the test.
Predominantly
characterized bythe structure.
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Control categories defined in EN 954-1
Cat. Summary of requirements System behavior 1) Principle forachieving safety
3 The requirements of B and the use of approved
safety principles shall be ensured. Safety-
related parts shall be designed so that:
An single fault in each of these parts does notcause the loss of the safety function.
The single faults are detected whenever thisis reasonably possibly.
If a single fault occurs,the safety function isalways maintained.Some but not all faultsare detected. Anaccumulation ofundetected faults canlead to loss of the safetyfunction.
Predominantlycharacterizedby the structure.
4 The requirements of B and the use of proven
safety principles shall be ensured. Safety-
related parts shall be designed so that:
A single fault in each of these parts does not
cause the loss of the safety function.The single fault is detected with or before thenext request to the safety function, or if this isnot possible, an accumulation of faults may notcause the loss of the safety function.
If faults occur the safetyfunction is alwaysmaintained.
The faults are detected
in time to prevent a lossof the safety function.
Predominantlycharacterizedby the structure.
l i
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Personal protective eyewear
Laser protection
glassesDIN EN 207
Protection level
L1 - L10
Laser adjustment
glassesDIN EN 208
Protection level
R1 - R5
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Laser-eye protection / Testing
Requirements on testing acc. to cat.II:- one-time type examination test (by independend testing laboratory)- monitoring of manufacturing process by independend testinglaboratory is not stipulated (only by manufacturer himself)
European Directive 89/686/EEC; (93/95/EEC); (96/58/EC) on
the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to personal protective equipment(PPE-Directive)
PPE and also eye-protection is categorized into 3 different risk levels for assessment :
- cat.I: simple risk- cat.II: intermediate risk
- cat.III: complex risk
Laser protection glasses are assigned to cat.II
Have to be marked with CE-mark
In comparison: Reqirements of DIN GS tests*- EU-type examination test,- Re-examination tests periodically,- Impartial sampling out of the manufacturing process,- Testing of testing sets and quality assurance at the manufacturing plant.*all tests carried out by independend testing laboratory voluntarily by the manufacturer
C l i
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3 00000-30 Pu
Conclusions
The international and national regulations, provisions and technical standards with regard toety of laser products and safety of laser processing machines are very complex.
The systematic approach of the European legislation to structure all directives and harmonizedstandards helps to compile relevant requirements and information.
The appreciation of European standards to international standards also improves the situation.
Manufacturers of ready-to-use laser processing machines must comply with a number of standardson machine safety also relevant for laser safety (to declare conformity). Especially requirements of the control of the laser radiation have to be met in order to prevent
human access to laser radiation above the maximum permissible exposure (MPE)- Standards on functional safety, safety controls and safety related parts of controls (SRP/CS)
Generally, regulations are based on both scientific knowledge and basic values of a community. Therefore, regulations are subject to continuous development and changes
Existing standards dealing with laser safety provide substantial information on how to designa safe laser product or laser processing machine.
Standards must cope with new developments and applications- such as LED, SLD, HLD or high-power laser remote welding,- this applies also to personal protective equipment (PPE) against laser radiation
and especially to protective clothing, for which requirements should be defined andtest methods should be developed.
7/30/2019 1 Intervento Dr Puster
43/43
3 00000-30 Pu
Thank you very much foryour attention
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