1 Intervento Dr Puster

7/30/2019 1 Intervento Dr Puster

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INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR SAFETY OF

LASER PRODUCTS AND OF LASER PROCESSING MACHINES- AN OVERVIEW -

Associazione Industriali

Vicenza, 18.03.10

Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Pster- Safety engineer -

Paper: #


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International Regulations for

Safety of Laser Products and forSafety of Laser Processing Machines- An Overview -

Introduction

EU-Legislation- Articles

- Directives

International Standards- ISO, CEN, UNI

- IEC, CENELEC, CEI

Cooperation between international standardizing bodiesIEC and ISO using the example of laser safety

Approach to safety of laser processing machines- standards directly related to laser safety- standards related to safety of machinery

Conclusions

Contents


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International Regulations

on Safety of Laser Safety

The Jungle of Regulations

Article 95

EN 12100

98/37/EC

Article 137

New Approach

ISOIEC

TypeA-, B-, C-

Standards

UNICENELEC

CEN

HarmonizedStandards

2006/42/EC

89/391/EEC

IEC 60825-1

ISO 11553-1

ISO 13949-1

EN 954-1

EN 207Safety of

Machinery

IEC 60825-4

safelaser

processingm

achine

Article95

Article137

2006/42/EC

ISO12100

SystematicStructure


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European Legislation

- Technology and Safety -

European Directives(according to Amsterdam Treaty, 1999)

APPROXIMATION OF LAWS

Article 95

Measures for the approximation of theprovisions laid down by law, regulation or

administrative action in Member States;establishment and functioning of the internal

market.

SOCIAL PROVISIONS

Article 137

Improvement in particular of the workingenvironment to protect workers' healthand safety

Framework Directives

Generic Directives- sector specific

Individual Directives- concerned with specific

aspects of health and safety


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European Directives

Framework Directive

2001/104/EC, (7th December 2001)on medical devices

2006/95/EC, (12th December 2006)on electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits (low voltage)

2006/42/EC, (17th May 2006)on safety of machinery

2004/108/EC, (15th December 2004)on electromagnetic compatibility and repealing Directive 89/336/EEC

Single Directive

89/686/EEC, (21st December 1989)on personal protective equipment

93/465/EEC, (22nd July 1993)concerning the modules for the various phases of the conformity assessment proceduresand the rules for the affixing and use of the CE conformity marking, which are intended to be used inthe technical harmonization directives

Under Article 95Measures for the approximation of the provisions


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European Directives

89/391/EEC, (12th June 1989)on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and

health of workers at work

Framework Directive

Under Article 137Safety and health of workers at work

Single Directive

2003/10/EC, (6th February 2003)on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risksarising from physical agents (noise)

2004/40/EC, (29th April 2004)on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risksarising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields)

2006/25/EC, (5th April 2006)on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to risksarising from physical agents (artificial optical radiation)

98/24/EC, (7th April 1998)on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents atwork (chemical agents)


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European Regulations related to Health and

Safety at Work88/642/EEC: Protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to chemical,

physical and biological agents89/391/EEC: Measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of

workers

Directive on Physical Agents1992 proposed /

1993 proposal withdrawn

Directive onChemical Agents

98/24/EC

Directive onBiological Agents

2005/54/EC

NoiseDirective

2003/10/EC

VibrationDirective

2002/44/EC

EMFDirective

2004/40/EC

OpticalRadiationDirective

2006/25/EC

ArbSchLrmVibrationsV03/2007

IndividualDirectives

IndividualDirectives

National Provisions

Physical Agents (PhysV)

Artikel 137


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International Standardization Bodies

European Level

National Level (Italy)

International Level


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Hierarchy of the European Standards

System

Basic safety standards

Safety group standards(generic standards)

Subject or product

safety standards

TypeA Standards

Design principles and

basic concepts for machines

Typ C Standards

Specific safety requirements forspecial machines or machine types

TypeB Standards

B1 StandardsGeneral safety aspects

B2 StandardsReference to specialprotective devices


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Standards related to Laser Safety(Examples of Type A, B und C-Standards)

EC-DirectiveMachinery

Type A-Standards(Basic standards)

Type C-Standards(Product Standard)

Basic requirements on safety and health

Directive 89/392/EEC (consolidated by 98/37/EC, 2006/42/EC)

Basic safety requirements

ISO 12100 P1, P2 Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principlesfor design

Type B-Standards(Generic standards)

Type B1 Safety aspects

ISO 13857 Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zonesbeing reached by upper and lower limbs

ISO 13849-1 Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems -Part 1: General principles for design

Type B2 Safety related devices

ISO 13850 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop - Principles for design

ISO 14119 Safety of machinery - Interlocking devices associated withguards - Principles for design and selection

Detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or type of machines

ISO 11553-2 Safety of machinery - Laser processing machines - Part 2:Safety requirements for hand-held laser processing devices


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Structuring of ISO/TC 172

Structuring of ISO/TC 172


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Structuring of IEC/TC 76

C - List of technical committees andubcommittees

Total number of TC/SCs 174

IEC Technical Committees 94

IEC Subcommittees 80

WG 1Optical radiation

safety

WG 3Laser radiationmeasurement

WG 4Safety of

medical laser

equipment

WG 5Safety of

fiber optics

communicationssystems

WG 7High

power lasers

WG 8Development

and

Maintenanceof basic

standards

WG 9Non coherent

sources

JWG 10IEC/ISO

Safety of lasersand

laser equipmentin an

Industrialmaterials

processingenvironment

IEC/TC 76

Optical radiation safety and laser equipment


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Cooperation of ISO and IEC

with regard to laser safety

ISOTC 172

SC 9

WG 3Safety

IECTC 76

WG 10Safety

JWG

JointWorking

Group

Joint Working Group of ISO and IEC


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Steps on the way to elaborate an

International Standard

VotingYes/No

Proposal of aStandard

NationalWorking Group

NWIP(New Work Item

Proposal)

WD(Working Draft)

Consensus betweenExperts of WG

CD(Committee Draft)

Consensus within

TC/SC

Comments

TC/SC

VotingYes/No

Proposal of aStandard

NationalWorking Group

NWIP(New Work Item

Proposal)

WD(Working Draft)

Consensus betweenExperts of WG

CD(Committee Draft)

Consensus within

TC/SC

Comments

TC/SC

Objections /

DIS

(Draft InternationalStandard)

Consensus

FDIS(Final Draft

International Standard)

Final Text ofInternational

Standard

Publication ofInternational

Standard

Formal VotingYes/No

Objections /Comments

DIS

(Draft InternationalStandard)

Consensus

FDIS(Final Draft

International Standard)

Final Text ofInternational

Standard

Publication ofInternational

Standard

Formal Voting

Yes/No


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Development of an International Standard

- Stages -

Reference: DIN


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Machinery Directive

2006/42/EC

1. ESSENTIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

1.5. RISKS DUE TO OTHER HAZARDS

1.5.12 Laser radiation

Where laser equipment is used, the following should be taken into account:

laser equipment on machinery must be designed and constructed in such a wayas to prevent any accidental radiation,

laser equipment on machinery must be protected in such a way that effective radiation,radiation produced by reflection or diffusion and secondary radiation do not damagehealth,

optical equipment for the observation or adjustment of laser equipment on machinerymust be such that no health risk is created by laser radiation.

ANNEX I

Essential health and safety requirements relating to the design and constructionof machinery

The essential health and safety requirements laid down in this Annex are mandatory;


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Changes of new Machinery Directive

2006/42/EC(extract) Changes are especially prevalent with the conformity assessment procedure of Annex IV Machines (exempt

from Type Examination). For the manufacturer the new directive opens up the option of self-certification with-out the participation of a test center, if they have a quality assurance procedure in accordance with Annex X.

The basic safety and health requirements (Annex I) will in future require a risk assessment

by the manufacturer. In the old Machinery Directive there are different procedures for proving the safety of machinery,

exchangeable equipment, safety components, chains/ropes/belts for lifting purposes, Cardan shafts andload-carrying equipment.In the future the same machine regulations will also apply for these products. They will have to be distributedin the future with CE conformity assessment, declaration of conformity and the required user information.

The requirements for "part-machines" (also referred to as "incomplete machines") have been re-formulatedin the new version of the Machinery Directive. Until now a manufacturer declaration was sufficient, but in thefuture the manufacturer will also have to supply a declaration of incorporation, which must specify whichrequirements of the directive apply to the part-machine and have been complied with. Installation instructionsmust be provided with the machines documentation.

The delimitation of the Low Voltage Directive is no longer regulated as risk-related, but rather product-related.

Clearer delimitation of the Machinery Directive for the Low Voltage Directive.

Instead of a "hazard analysis" a risk assessment and "risk evaluation" are required.

Internal production controls for series machines (Annex VIII).

The validity of EC Type Examination certifications must be checked by the test center every 5 years.Manufacturers and test centers are obligated to retain the relevant technical documents for 15 years.


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3-Step Procedure given in ISO 12100-1

Safety requirements3-Step Procedure given in ISO 12100-1

p 1: Inherently safe design measures

Step 2: Safeguarding andcomplimentaryprotective measures

Step 3: Information for use- at the machine- in the instruction handbook

Protective measures takenby the designer

Protective measures takenby the user

- Organization- Provision of additional safeguards- Personal protective equipment

- complete shielding- contact control- safety PLC


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Risk Assessment

DIN EN 1050 Safety of machinery Principles of hazard analysis

Method of hazard analysisand Risk assessment :(examples)- What-if-method

- Fault tree analysis- FMEA*- MOSAR*

* Failure mode and effects analysisMethod organized for systematic analysis of risks

DIN EN ISO 14121-1:2007 Safety of machinery - Risk assessment - Part 1: Principles

AccordingtoDIN

EN

ISO1

210

0-1

Determination ofmachine limits

Hazardidentification

yes

no

EndIs the

machinesafe ?

Risk

analysis

Risk reduction

Iterative process to achieve safety

Start

Risk evaluation

Risk estimation

Risk

assessment


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Standards directly related to laser safety

- Examples -Responsibility of IEC

IEC 60825 Safety of laser products

P1 Equipment classificationand requirements

P2 Safety of optical fibrecommunication systems (OFCS)

P4 Laser guards

P...

IEC 60601-2-22 Medical electrical equipment

Requirements for the basic safety

and essential performance ofsurgical, cosmetic, therapeutic

and laser equipment

Responsibility of ISO

ISO 11553 Safety of machineryLaser processing machines

P1 General safety requirements

P2 Safety requirements forhand-held laser

processingdevices

National responsibilitiesDIN 56912 Showlaser and Show-

laser equipmentSafety requirements and

control

Responsibility of CENISO 12254 Screens for laser

working placesSafety requirements andtesting


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Standards indirectly related to laser safety

- Examples -

EN 61040 Power and energy measuring detectors, Instruments, andequipment for laser radiation

- standards of equipment

- standards for measuring and interpretation

EN ISO 11146 Lasers and laser-related equipment, Test methods for laser beamwidths divergence angles and beam propagation ratios

P1 Stigmatic and simple astigmatic beamsP2 General astigmatic beams

EN ISO 13694 Optics and optical instruments - Lasers and laser-related equipment,Test methods for laser beam power (energy) density distribution

EN ISO 11145 Optics and photonics - Lasers and laser-related equipment,

Vocabulary and symbols


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Overview about the series of standardsIEC 60825

PartNo.

Type Title and scope Designerof the

Product

Manufacturerof the

Product

User ofthe

Product

Manufacturerof safety-

related parts

Test

method

Hazard

analysis

1 Standard Equipment classification and requirements Yes yes yes yes yes yes

2 Standard Safety of optical fiber communicationsystems

yes yes yes yes yes yes

3 TechnicalReport

Guidance for laser displays and shows no no yes no no yes

4 Standard Laser guards yes yes yes yes yes yes

5 Technical

Report

Manufacturer's checklist for IEC 60825-1(good for safety report)

yes yes no yes no no

6 Technical

Specification

7 Technical

Report

8 Technical

Report

Guidelines for the safe use of laser beamson humans

no no yes no no no

9 Technical

Report

Compilation of maximum permissibleexposure to incoherent optical radiation

no no yes no yes yes

10 Technical

Report

Application guidelines and explanatory notesto IEC 60825-1

yes yes no no yes no

12 Standard Safety of free space optical communicationsystems used for transmission of information

yes yes yes no yes yes

14 Technical

Report

A user's guide no yes yes no no yes


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New regulations with regard to

artificial optical radiation19. Single Directive 2006/25/EG on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposureof workers to risks asing from physical agents(artificial optical radiation)

National implementation until 27.04.2010

Electromagnetic Radiation: 100 nm 1 mm

Non-coherent radiation(each artificial optical radiation

except for laser radiation)

Coherent radiation(Laser radiation)

International Standards

National RegulationsELIA (BG)

BGV B9BGI 5006

IEC 62471

BGV B2+ DA 2007

IEC 60825-1

Labeling of the area W 09 W 10

Exposure limits

(Time base)

180nm 400nm

Single-day exposition (8h = 30.000s)Annual exposition (value)380nm 1mmSingle-day exposition (value)

Single-day exposition

Exceptions: = vis: 0,25s

No MPE alteration 400nm: >100s 1050nm: >10s

pulsed LEDanalog to BGV B2

LED


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Safety of Laser Products

IEC 60825-1:Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements

Main parts:

- laser classification scheme

- instructions to classify a laser product

- engineering specifications

- labelling of laser products

Users guide in TR 60825-14

Last substantial changes regarding the laser classification concept took place in 2001 (A2)

From January 2004 for new laser products: classes 1, 1M, 2, 2M, 3R, 3B and 4.

Classification into class 1 according to IEC 60825-1 is based on strict requirements:- Prevention of human access (above AEL class 1),

- Provision for foreseeable fault conditions,

- Coping of single-fault conditions.

Class 1 laser products must be inherently safe and the user does not need to know that alaser product is integral part of the machine;

- laser guards: in fault conditions (exposure of the guard) the laser radiation must beautomatically isolated,

- human access (walk in access): the access is automatically detected followed by aninstantaneous isolation of laser radiation.


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Technical standards for screens/guards

at laser work places

Laser guards

EN 60825-4: 2009

Screens for laser working places

EN 12254: 2008

Laser radiationmax. 100 W mean powermax. 30 J single pulse energy

intermittent/permanentpassive laser screens

- continuous surveillance -

for protection against laser radiation

only (unintended exposure)

not against secondary radiation

Testing of laser resistance:

d63 of laser beam >2 mm (>0,5 mm)Test-duration: EN 60825-1

Laser radiationno power-/ energy limitation

intermittent/permanent

aktive and passive laser guards andscreens (applies to all elements of alaser guard)- also unattended automatic mode -

Testing of laser resistance:

determinaton of protective exposure

limit (PEL)EN 60825-4, Clause 3.4:Requirements on testing


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Guarding around a

laser processing machine

according to IEC 60825-4

Foreseeableexposure limit

(FEL)Maximum reasonably foreseeable

exposure at the front surfaceof the laser protective guard

Protective exposure limit(PEL)

Protective properties of the

laser protective guardto prevent exceedingof AEL class 1

at the rear surface

Laser protective guard

Process area

Laser

Laser processing machine

Outside the laser protective guardLaser Class 1 (AEL)


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Risk analysis to design passive laser

protective guards

Question: when will a failure be recognized?(radiation hits the guard)

Laser-protective guard must safely protect over this time

Ref.: IEC 60825-4

Recommended application

automated production

short-cycle operation with

intermittent inspection

processing under continuous

surveillance

Inspection interval

30.000 s

100 s

10 s

Test class

T1

T2

T3

Classification of the laser protective guards with given protection level (PEL)


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Safety of Laser Processing Machines

ISO 11553-1:

Safety of machinery - Laser processing machines - Part 1: General safety requirements

Predominantly, an inherently safe machine is required(accessible radiation should not exceed MPE)

Unauthorized access to danger zones shall be prevented by engineering measures.

Applicable for functionally complete systems

Main parts:

- hazard analysis

- risk assessment

- engineering specifications

- safety measures (for laser radiation and further standards)

- information provided to the user

The standard also permits administrative control measures and personal

protective equipment to reduce risks by laser radiation.

The machinery directive and the harmonized standards on safety of machinery requirethat no hazardous laser radiation is emitted from the machine;

- laser guards: inspection intervals by operators can be used, to terminate the timeof the laser resistance of passive laser guards in fault conditions

- human access (walk in access): the access can be restricted by administrative means


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Control of access

People All, including thepublic

Personnel untrainedin laser safety but not

the public

Authorizedand trained in

lasersafety

Location Unrestricted anduncontrolled

RestrictedControlled

Description of Locations

Reference: ISO 11553-1

Corresponding measures for control of access must be provided


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Embedded laser products- laser processing machines -

Safety position

switch withguard locking(magnetic lock)

Interlock

InterlockFiberconnector

Safe fiber- temperature- breakage

Laserguards/walls

Control panel

Safetyshutter

SafetyPLC

Restrictedarea

Controlled area

Operatingmode

Safety door

Emissionwarninglight

Powersupply

Powersupply

stop

12


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Protective measures for use of laser units

Safe according

DIN EN ISO 12100DIN EN ISO 11553-1

safe as class 1

Technical measures

Safe according

DIN EN 60825-1

laser class 1

Administrative measures

Safety must be achieved byfollowing measures*:

Technical measures

The laser installation/unit must

be inherently safe with regard to

technic and design

Type of safety measures for enclosed laser units

*Laser units with restricted access

Safety must be achieved byfollowing measures*:


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Areas of applications of different standardsrelated to functional safety

Construction and risk assessment

EN ISO 12100

Functional and safety requirementson a safety-related control system

Electrical safety aspects

IEC/EN 60204

Design and implementation of safety-relevant electrical control system

EN ISO 13849SRP/CS as

E/E/PES Hydraulics Pneumatics Mechanics

IEC/EN 62061SRP/CS as E/E/PES

SRECS

Machinery

IEC/EN 61508SRP/CS as E/E/PES

IEC/EN 61511

Process

industry


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Controls and their safety functions

SensorSensor ActuatorActuator

acquisition of information

- command- detect

processing of information

- control- evaluate

performing of action

- actuate- switch off

Safety function

? B, 1, 2, 3, 4

EN 954-1 Safety-related parts of control systems -EN ISO 13849-1 Part 1: General principles for design

EN ISO 13849-2 Safety-related parts of control systems -Part 2: Validation

Standards

Control Categories

Cat. 3: a single fault in each of these parts must not

cause a loss of the safety function

Cat. 4: an accumulation of faults must not cause theloss of the safety function

Laser Class 1:

Design of safety related devices

- fail-safe- single-fault condition

ProgrammableLogic Control

ProgrammableLogic Control


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Iterative procedure for the design ofsafety related parts of controls (SRP/CS)

Identify the required safety functions,performed by SRP/CS

Define the safety function requirementsfor each safety function

Determine the requiredPerformance Level PLr

Design and technical realization of the safety functions:Identification of safety related parts,

performing the safety function

Determine and evaluate the Performance Level PLfor the above mentioned SRP/CS with regard to:

category MTTFd DC CCF if applicable: Software

Procedure ofrisk reductionISO 12100-1Protective measuredepends on a control

Start

Verification of PLFor a certain safety function:

PL PLr

Validation:Have all demands

been achieved?

Have all safety functionsbeen analyzed?

yes

yes

yes

no

no

no

End

Procedure ofrisk reductionISO 12100-1

Steps


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Safety functions of controls

- Emergency Stop(acc. IEC 60204-1 and ISO 13850)

- Prevention of unexpected start-up(acc. ISO 14118)

- Start/Stop-Control: controlled start(acc. IEC 60204-1)

- Operation control device with automatic reset facility

(acc. IEC 60204-1, EN 574)- Enabling switch, e.g. 3-step (in danger area)

(acc. IEC 60204-1, EN 1088)

Typical safety functions of a laser processing machine

Safety related parts of controls (SRP/CS)

requirements on SRP/CS as result of risk evaluation(leads typically to cat. 3 acc. EN 954-1 or ISO 13849-1)


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Hazard identification and risk evaluationRisk graph for the determination of the required

performance level (PLr)

1

S1

S2

F1

F2

F1

F2

P1

P2

P1

P2P1

P2

P1

P2

a

b

c

d

e

L

H

DIN EN ISO 13849-1

Legend

1 Point at which the evaluation

of the contribution to the riskminimization begins

L Low contribution to risk minimizationH High contribution to risk minimizationPLr Required performance level

PLr Risk parameters

S Severity of potential injuryS1 Slight (normally reversible injury)S2 Serious (normally irreversible injury or death)F Frequency and/or exposure time to hazardF1 Seldom to not very frequent and/or exposure

time to hazard is shortF2 Frequent to continuous and/or exposure timeto hazard is longP Possibility of preventing the hazard orlimiting the harmP1 Possible under certain conditions

P2 Scarcely possible

hi f G l


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SV1

Control partsof the laser device

Architecture of HLG control- HLG-Block diagram -

Terms:

B1/B2 SensorA1/A2 Amplifier

G1/G2 Limit switch

K1 PLC

Q1/Q2 Safety relay

SV1 Safety shutter

K1

A1B1

A2B2

G1

G2

A3B3

A4B4

G3

G4

K1

Feedback

Switch-off testfurther input-units(diverse functional principle)

Channel 1

Channel 2

Line 1

Line 2

Q1

Q2

Control partsof the laser device

K1 signal check- plausibility- simultaneity


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Control categories defined in EN 954-1

Cat. Summary of requirements System behavior 1) Principle forachieving safety

B The safety-related parts of controlsystems and/ or their protective devicesand their components shall be designed,

constructed, selected and combined inaccordance with the applicable standardsin such a way that they can withstand theexpected influences and effects.

The occurrence of a faultcan cause the loss of thesafety

function.

Predominantlycharacterized bythe selection of

components.

1 The requirements of B shall be satisfied.

Approved components and approvedsafety principles must be applied.

The occurrence of a fault

can cause the loss of thesafety function, but theprobability that one willoccur is lower than in B.

Predominantly

characterized bythe selection ofcomponents.

2 The requirements of B and the use of

approved safety principles shall beensured. The safety function shall bechecked at appropriate intervals by themachine control system.

The occurrence of a fault

can cause the loss of thesafety function between thetest intervals. The loss ofthe safety function isdetected by the test.

Predominantly

characterized bythe structure.


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Control categories defined in EN 954-1

Cat. Summary of requirements System behavior 1) Principle forachieving safety

3 The requirements of B and the use of approved

safety principles shall be ensured. Safety-

related parts shall be designed so that:

An single fault in each of these parts does notcause the loss of the safety function.

The single faults are detected whenever thisis reasonably possibly.

If a single fault occurs,the safety function isalways maintained.Some but not all faultsare detected. Anaccumulation ofundetected faults canlead to loss of the safetyfunction.

Predominantlycharacterizedby the structure.

4 The requirements of B and the use of proven

safety principles shall be ensured. Safety-

related parts shall be designed so that:

A single fault in each of these parts does not

cause the loss of the safety function.The single fault is detected with or before thenext request to the safety function, or if this isnot possible, an accumulation of faults may notcause the loss of the safety function.

If faults occur the safetyfunction is alwaysmaintained.

The faults are detected

in time to prevent a lossof the safety function.

Predominantlycharacterizedby the structure.

l i


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Personal protective eyewear

Laser protection

glassesDIN EN 207

Protection level

L1 - L10

Laser adjustment

glassesDIN EN 208

Protection level

R1 - R5


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Laser-eye protection / Testing

Requirements on testing acc. to cat.II:- one-time type examination test (by independend testing laboratory)- monitoring of manufacturing process by independend testinglaboratory is not stipulated (only by manufacturer himself)

European Directive 89/686/EEC; (93/95/EEC); (96/58/EC) on

the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to personal protective equipment(PPE-Directive)

PPE and also eye-protection is categorized into 3 different risk levels for assessment :

- cat.I: simple risk- cat.II: intermediate risk

- cat.III: complex risk

Laser protection glasses are assigned to cat.II

Have to be marked with CE-mark

In comparison: Reqirements of DIN GS tests*- EU-type examination test,- Re-examination tests periodically,- Impartial sampling out of the manufacturing process,- Testing of testing sets and quality assurance at the manufacturing plant.*all tests carried out by independend testing laboratory voluntarily by the manufacturer

C l i


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Conclusions

The international and national regulations, provisions and technical standards with regard toety of laser products and safety of laser processing machines are very complex.

The systematic approach of the European legislation to structure all directives and harmonizedstandards helps to compile relevant requirements and information.

The appreciation of European standards to international standards also improves the situation.

Manufacturers of ready-to-use laser processing machines must comply with a number of standardson machine safety also relevant for laser safety (to declare conformity). Especially requirements of the control of the laser radiation have to be met in order to prevent

human access to laser radiation above the maximum permissible exposure (MPE)- Standards on functional safety, safety controls and safety related parts of controls (SRP/CS)

Generally, regulations are based on both scientific knowledge and basic values of a community. Therefore, regulations are subject to continuous development and changes

Existing standards dealing with laser safety provide substantial information on how to designa safe laser product or laser processing machine.

Standards must cope with new developments and applications- such as LED, SLD, HLD or high-power laser remote welding,- this applies also to personal protective equipment (PPE) against laser radiation

and especially to protective clothing, for which requirements should be defined andtest methods should be developed.


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Thank you very much foryour attention

1 Intervento Dr Puster

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