Z
: (behaviorism) (constructivism) ( (constructionism)) ( ) (activity theory) (distributed cognition) (situated cognition)
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(Skinner) (Piaget) (Crowder) Papert (constructionism) Vygotsky (Gagn) (Bruner) (situated cognition) ( ) (distributed cognition) (Varela, Maturana) ( Vygotsky)
(behaviorism) I. Pavlov J.B. Watson, E.L. Thorndike, B. F. Skinner
J. B. Watson, 1913 :
: B.F. Skinner
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( S-R Stimuli - Response)
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B. Skinner N. Crowder
(Computer Assisted Instruction) (multiple choice).
(Instructional Design) (Gagn)
. B. F. Skinner R. Gagn.
Gagn ,
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J. Piaget Piaget ( )
Piaget :
1. 2. 3. 4.
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1. 2. 3. (contexts) 4. 5. . 6. . 7.
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(discovery learning) - J. Bruner
Bruner : . ( ) (enactive representations) . (iconic representations) .
Bruner , ,
- L. Vygotsky . , . .
Z (zone of proximal development) . .
(activity theory) (activity systems), , : , , , , , , .
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Information Processing (cognitive psychology)
(information processing), (cognitive psychology) R. Gagn, A. Newell H. Simon.
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