In 2001, Edward Rozylowicz, a GGD member, visited his birth village of Zimna Woda, which in the year of his birth (1939) was in Poland but is now in western Ukraine due to the geographic land partitioning as dictated by the victorious Allies after WWII. That visit fostered Ed’s desire to learn as much as possible (and practical) about a village that in one sense, the information would appear to be of little modern value, but, in another deeper sense, provide a link to the family’s immediate past in a village that harbors many nostalgic but war-related feelings. Ed writes of what he learned about his birth village.

Sketches of the Village of Zymna Voda, L’viv District, Ukraine Based on … “Zymna Voda … through the prism of the past and with a view to the future”

Authored by: Yuriy S. Petrivskyi, History Teacher, Secondary School No. 1, Zymna Voda

Translation into English by: Yuriy S. Petrivskyi, Zymna Voda; Edward F. Rozylowicz and Maxim Radionenko, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

Translation into German by: Erika Paulson (GGD Member P24, Muskegon, Michigan, USA)

We do not believe that there is any individual that traces their ancestry to a particular region, or for that matter, a particular city, town, or village, that does not wish to learn more about that place, especially its early formative years, its progression through the ages, its historical relevance to the region, and finally its present modern composition. Personally, we’ve always known that the name of our birth village, Zimna Woda in Polish, literally means “Cold Water” … for we are reasonably fluent in the Polish language. That name in and of itself is not that unique … there are numerous towns in the USA that are named similarly. However, the peculiarity of that name had to hold a deeper significance as to how it was derived. Although the search for the answer was not foremost in our genealogical research, our interest was always piqued whenever we revisited our birth village.

◄ Ed Rozylowicz at Zymna Voda Railroad Station, 2001

Over our four personal visits to this village, we established a close rapport with several people from this village that would shed light on its history, foremost among them was Yuriy, a local teacher and an ardent keeper of the village’s history. We exchanged facts and information that we each had at our disposal … he, with historical records and we with the most recent events from the early 1930s until the German military occupation of 1939-1941. Collectively, a picture of the village evolved that culminated in several low-key publications released by the village administration. In late 2010, the village undertook to compile and distribute a professionally produced publication entitled, Zymna Voda … through the prism of the past and with a view to the future that summarized the history of the village from its formative years to the present. Essentially it would serve as a marketing tool that promotes the village, its people, its industry and commerce, and its desirability as a “bedroom community” because of its close proximity to its larger neighbor, the City of L’viv.

Zymna Voda Publication ►

Using the above named publication as a source (although written in Cyrillic Ukrainian) and with a rough English translation from Yuriy, its author, plus with the ablest of assistance of Maxim, a New Mexico State University researcher and plant geneticist (born in Kiev, now living in the USA), who performed a thorough, refined, and polished translation, we were able to piece together a profile of our birth village that is as complete and precise as practical. That history should be of immense interest to our family, particularly those younger members that have absolutely no personal direct link to this village but nonetheless look at it as an ancestral home to prior generations. We would like to share what we learned and perhaps encourage others to dig deeper into their past to get a clearer portrait of their “ancestral roots” … for we consider Zimna Woda (Zymna Voda) our “home town”.

Our narrative begins with what the Village of Zymna Voda looks like TODAY and then, using that as a foundation of its fulfilled promise as a basis, explain its historical progression.

Village of Zymna Voda – The Present

The village Zymna Voda is situated in the north part of the Pustomytiv District of the region of L’viv. It borders with the city of L’viv in the East; with the village Rudno of the L’viv district - in the North; with the village Bilohorscha, which became a part of the L’viv in 1994 – in the North East; with village Sukhovolya of the Horodots’ky district – in the west; with the village Konopnytsya – in the South East; and with the villages of Lapayivka and Kholodnovidka of the Pustomytiv district – in the South. (Map below … map source: WikiMapia)

In fact, Zymna Voda is being stuck into the tight circle bordered by: automobile roads L’viv – Shehini … by west bound traffic from L’viv … by the railway line of L’viv – Mostys’ka, and by the urban territories of the villages Sukhovolya and Konopnutsya. The location of the village between the highways always made it attractive to the people and favored its fast development on one hand. However, the restricted position of the village became a serious obstacle to the expansion of its borders.

The land area of Zymna Voda, residential and public areas, is 512 hectares. There are 122 streets and 3135 buildings. The housing is primarily one-, two-, and three-story. In the village there are 35 multi-apartment buildings and 7 governmental agencies’ houses. The distance of the municipal roads is about 70 kilometers. Within the boundaries of the village there are two high schools with nearly 1000 students; a hospital of general family medicine practice; a vocational education building; and a post office. Residents of the village can satisfy their spiritual needs at three active churches: Greek Catholic: St. Apostles of Peter and Paul, and St. Joann Theologian; Orthodox: All Saints of the land of Ukraine. The largest business enterprises in Zymna Voda are a factory of nonstandard automation equipment, an agricultural processing enterprise, a window and mirrors factory, highway management, as well as a factory of metal and plastic production. Ready to serve their customers are 25 food stores, 8 industrial stores, 12 restaurants and cafés, 2 pharmacies, 6 hairdresser’s shops, 3 gas stations, 2 car dealerships, and 3 car washes. On the border between Zymna Voda and L’viv are the two largest supermarkets in the region – “Metro” and “Epicenter”.

The residential buildings are predominantly privately owned. At present, Zymna Voda is one of the largest countryside populated points in Ukraine. According to the January 2010 census, it has 10,400 residents. However in truth, there are many more people that live in Zymna Voda. This is because many L’viv residents have Zymna Voda housing, regardless

of their registration in the city of L’viv. Within Zymna Voda live many representatives of the educated class of L’viv: scientists, teachers, medical doctors, managers, religious representatives, representatives of arts, and public and political leaders.

Modern Zymna Voda shown below:

◄ ▲Greek Catholic Churches

Orthodox Church ►

Village of Zymna Voda – The Past

(NOTE: We use Zymna Voda (Ukrainian Зимна Вода, post-1939) and Zimna Woda (Polish, pre-1939) interchangeably. Certain names are given in Ukrainian as there is no obvious English counterpart that we can safely and accurately deduce. We relied on the Ukrainian-English translation. The modern city of L’viv (Львів , post-1939) is named Leopolis in Latin, Lwów under Polish rule and Lemberg under Austro-Hungarian rule (1772-1918).

The history of the Village of Zimna Woda (English – Cold Water) is quite original. In the "Dictionary of Geographical Polish Kingdom" there is mention of the village of Zimna Woda, located in the Lwów district, 9 kilometers from City of Lwów.

The name of Village of Cold Water is derived from the nearby river Zimna Woda. Based on oral history, this river, which begins its flow in the Village of Sknyliv is small with its water cold and pure. Into this river flow smaller tributaries; also with water cold and pure. It has been retold that the river water never froze in the winter and was not warmed by the hottest of summers.

According to historical writings, in the year 1340, Kazimir the Great (monarch: 1333-1370) attacked the Halych Kingdom, captured Lwów, pillaged its treasury, beaten rebellious boyars, confiscated their property and by a generous hand distributed most of it to his knights.

The oldest written recollection about the village “Zimna Woda” is dated August 16, 1365 and states that the Polish king Kazimir gave one third of the village’s mill and the one third of the profits from it to the miller named Konrad from Prusu. At that time the village existed as a compiled unit of “Russian” law. “Zimna Woda” was composed of itself and two other ettlements: Rudno (bright red), and Kondoradov (cold knowing).

2005 Commemorative pin … ► 640th Founding of Zimna Woda (Zymna Voda - Зимна Вода)

(see Endnote 1) In the year 1425 is recorded the first proprietary owner (didych) of “Zimna Woda” – Yan Holombek, a Polish dissident (see Endnote 2). The king paid him respect by giving him properties in the village for his merit to the monarchy. In 1453, Yan Holombek decided to build a Polish chapel in the village. A small wooden church building appeared that lasted for about two centuries. In 1461 Holombek established the feudal orders in the village according to the western manner. He transferred legislation of “Zimna Woda” to Magdeburg’s law, appointed the overlord and endowed him with administrative, political and court authority.

In the year 1461 the name “Rudnyj stav” (the bright red pond), was first mentioned, which became part of the village. This area was detached in 1591 and become known as “Rudno” (the bright red).

On November 16, 1461, is the second mention of Cold Water. A proprietor of Zimna Woda , one Yan Holombek, testifies that he sold to Stanislavov and Krasnika Soltynstvo, in the village Zimna Woda, for 30 Polish coins (type uncertain), having added to the sale 35 hectares including a fish pond and meadow. That document also mentioned the authority for Stanislovov to lease kitchen gardens and buildings to the population of the Village (numbering 22). From this document, the destiny of Zimna Woda was established. Poles and West-Ukrainians came from Poland as the new owners. However, the first inhabitants of village were Ukrainians, and with the passage of time began the active colonization of the Ukrainian territory.

Over the next 150 years there is an active settling of Zimna Woda by people originating from Poland. The ownership of the village properties changed frequently in the intervening years. In this period there were many characteristic disputes for territory, as well as the borders of the village. A document, dated September 1462, tells about a dispute among noblemen – Holombko-Zymnovodivskyi and Zubrytskyi. In the document, signed by the King Sigmund II, the dispute between the noblemen is resolved. The decision of royal court again establishes a border between the Village of Zimna Woda and the City of Lwów. The court reaffirms and leaves without changes the borders established by the General Russian village elder Andrey Ondrovnzh and Lwów representative Yuriy Strumylo.

Another document dated November 1503, tells of the new proprietors of the village who divided between themselves a manor in Zimna Woda. In two records there is a certificate on transfer of property of the village to the new proprietors. In the year 1566 the new proprietor of village was Baltazar Liskovskyi who attacked the village. He confiscated the crop and burnt the hay. The court subjected him to punishment (not specified).

In 1576 there is a mention of a new owner of Zimna Woda. Lwów elders permit to sell 3 parts Zimna Woda, one part of which is a mill. In the document the specified sum of the cost of a mill is 4564 złotys (Polish currency). The mill produced a rather large income for the village.

There have been eleven (11) landowners in the hsitory of Zimna Woda. In 1607, the last owner of the village: Stanislav Stadnytskyj granted the village to a board of Jesuits ( Jesuit Monastery?; Jesuit order?) (see Endnotes 3 and 4). The Jesuits secured their power in Zimna Woda for the next 167 years. While Zimna Woda was the property of the Jesuits in L’viv, the management of the agriculture was leased out to landlords. Between the years 1612 – 1625, using the contributions of the order, a castle (manor) by the name of Saint Katherine was built. New ownership was established on the territory of the castle, the profits from which went to the management of the order of Jesuits in the city of Lwów. The Jesuits’ "mission" was to “Latinize” the village. For this time period there were only eight Ukrainian families in the village.

Cultural Union assembled in 1927 ►

In 1648 there there was an uprising of Cossacks in the East; their leader was Khmelnytski, a Ukrainian land owner who had been insulted by Polish officers. They often made common cause with the Tatars of the Crimea. Lwów repulsed the Cossack attack, which stopped them from advancing farther west into Poland. In September 1648, the nobles were ousted from the manors by Bohdan Khmelnytski. From archived documents it is known that master Holombki, who was the onetime proprietor of the village, went back to Poland. However for the population of the village the times were not easy. Near the village there was a Tatar camp, which, as is known, would become an ally of Khmelnytski. The document is revealed in the Lwów archive of April 30, 1649 in which the village of Zimna Woda and Holodnovidka, asked the Lwów authorities to delay the payment of the taxes. As the villages were partially destroyed, the people had virtually little to live on; payment of the taxes was impossible. No written documentation exists of any final resolution.

After the liberation there was a direct impact on the proprietors of Zimna Woda. In the village, the castellan, i.e., a keeper or Governor of a castle, began a despotic rule over the population of the village. In a new order the properties and manors were divided and distributed. Greatest grant went to the Jesuits. It is known that they were the greatest proprietors (landowners) of the village and for 160+ years owned more than anyone.

In 1655, after the unification with Russia, the troops of Zaporozhets’ Colonel Kapusta (name means cabbage) together with Russian dragoons passed through Zimna Woda at the time of their advance onto Poland. Due to their hatred to the Poles they burned the chapel. The Jesuits rebuilt the chapel after their retreat..

In 1672 the Tatar troops settled in the territory of Zimna Woda for a second time. They did it for the third and the last time in 1695.

◄ Zimna Woda street scene, 1934

This time – from the end of 17th century up to the 18th century … was the hardest time for all that

lived in this region and for village of Zimna Woda specifically. Polish nobility was near ruin and the rule (situation) was to deprive the working classes their civil rights. It was characteristic of this period that a Latin document stated that: “Polish nobility can make slaves of the peasants, masters have authority of life and death, and peasants cannot own land. The quantity (amount) of a grain to be given to any peasant shall be only enough on which to live.

By 1772, the region passed to Austrian domination. But the destiny of the population did not improve. Polish masters were still the proprietors of the manors and lands. The peasants were given new duties. One of them was to serve in the Austrian army. During the rule of Josef II (1787) there was an attempt made at administrative reform. The Polish masters resisted this move. Josef’s major decree concerned the peasants of Zimna Woda – the abolishing of serfdom in 1782. The situation for the peasants improved somewhat. (NOTE: Josef II was elected King in 1764; factually he came to power only after Maria Theresia's death in 1780. He ruled as an enlightened monarch, disregarding inherited privileges, trying to improve the state's economy. Josef had already been involved in the acquisitions of Galicia (1st Polish Partition, 1772) and the Bukovina (from the Ottoman Empire, 1775).)

Dog registration medallion, 1937 ►

Parts of the land were reserved for settlers, which were established on the basis of a “Kaltwasser” colony – a German colony (see Endnote 5). Many German then settled in Zimna Woda. Their village area was called Kaltwasser. Seventeen (17) families were from the Palatinate and the Silesian frontier, among others. There were 22 houses in Kaltwasser (see Endnote 6). The first settlers were of mixed faith, Evangelists and Catholic (see Endnote 7).

In 1824 they built a school using stones. It is not known precisely where this school was located; however, it is known that it was a private school with one class. In 1909 it was attended by 39 children, 34 of them being German. The community of Kaltwasser centered around this school.

By then 80% the population of village consisted of Poles. Ukrainians made up only 12%. The life of the Ukrainian population now was rather difficult. They had no rights, the worked the hardest and were poorly paid. Training was carried out in the Polish language. In that time there was a social club, but only for the Poles.

In 1834 the village of Zimna Woda is sold to Count Michael Chatsky, a nobleman from Eastern Ukraine, for 65,000 gold. The property of the Jesuits is confiscated. In the Lemberg archive the documents of that time indicated a census of the population of village with record of property of each family. This was used to determine the sum of the tax, as paid each period.

The cadastral map of 1849 shows the development of the village during this period in which the economic conditions improved. St Catherine church was the largest employer in the area. The second largest economy is the manor of Mister Miller, who becomes the employer of the peasants of nearby villages. His lands extended down to village Suhovolya. On his lands there was a large lake and buildings of trade, among them -- drugstore, hospital, garden and kitchen gardens. There was also a large mill.

◄ Theatre performace, 1927

The most important event for village was the construction of the railway … Lemberg to Przemysl. The railway was started in 1848 and a Zimna Woda depot was built in 1861. (The railway station and overhead pedestrian bridge between Rudno and Zimna Woda was constructed

in this time frame.

Year 1870 documented the first Polish school in Zimna Woda. This school has been preserved until now and is situated on Olha Kobylyanska street.

August 1, 1914 … the First World War began. The Austrian-Hungarian Empire was dissolved.

Zimna Woda did not escape the First World War. In 1915, the village accommodated a big camp and the field kitchens of the Russian Army. In the winter of 1914-1915, a unit of the Russian Army settled here. However, due to the constant complaints of the villagers, the military command changed the location of the military base. In Spring 1915, on their retreat, the Russian troops blew up the railway bridge, burned out 4 buildings that belonged to the railway station, burned a Ukrainian school, and took away horses, cows and other livestock from the peasants.

Before the Ukrainian population was the task of proclaiming an independent republic. The region applied to the Polish government, which tried to annex this land to Poland. On November 1, 1918 the Lwów revolt was held, where Russians grabbed all authority. On November 9, 1918, the WUNR (West-Ukrainian National Republic) was proclaimed. On November 9, 1918, a small-armed Ukrainian group appeared in Zimna Woda. The leader of this group ordered the railway men to destroy the rails so that the Poles could not pass from Krakow to Lwów. A locomotive from Lwów and one car with Poles inside was overturned on the embankment.

During the autumn of 1918, several severe skirmishes with Polish defenders occurred in the vicinity of Zimna Voda. On November 10, the Poles occupied the railway station. The skirmishes were limited to the villages of Zimna Woda and Rudno. The railway line was mined … another locomotive is blown up. After 1921, the Ukrainian lands were transferred to Poland. The Poles come back to the village as the new owners. So begins a new colonization of the village. They laid out new roads; the price of land rose higher. The new landowners received small plots of land for the construction of villas and private homes. In the time from 1920 until 1939, 300 two-storied villas/homes were constructed which are (still) kept up to the present time. The owners of these villas/homes were employees of official governmental or administrative agencies, those who worked in Lwów … railway men.

◄ 1939, Zimna Woda as “Kaltwasser” (full image at end)

In 1927, a fire rescue squad was established in Zimna Woda, the photo of which has been preserved in the journal “Wieku Nowogo”. The head of this squad was Juzef Petrovsky.

In the years before the Second World War all domestic animals of the village Zimna Voda were registered and their owners had to pay the taxes to the local budget. This is evidenced by the dog tags and documents of that time.

The period of 1927 – 1938 was the one of national elevation for the Ukrainians as well as for the dwellers of our village. At this time a national-cultural rebirth is taking place, the activity of several unions is restored, and an educational union is created. There were several active educators who established an amateur clubs at the library and performed on the theater stage for the village. Located at the library, women’s union “The Union of Ukrainian Women” was created. The theater shows have taken place in Kaltwasser often and reciprocally Kaltwasser’s members performed in Zimna Woda. Until December 1933, the club “The Readers of Peoples School” has been active. The village was well known as a place to rest; here they came in the summer. The village was mainly a Polish populace. There were some Ukrainian families that remained, in the trades and stores. But they had to “pass” as “Poles".

On 1 September 1939, Poland was invaded by Germany from the west and on 17 September 1939 by Russia’s Red Army from the east. Zimna Woda was occupied by the German Wehrmacht and handed over to the Russian Red Army on 22 September 1939. German-fascist troops surrounded Lwów, however, according to the Molotov –

Ribbentrop pact, they had to withdraw beyond the river Syan. Together with the German Army, retreating from the Bolsheviks, the German colonists of Zimna Woda were leaving as well.

A two-story “villa” – ostensibly the house where the Rozylowicz family lived, circa 1938-1941. Father was the RR telegrapher. Located on

Pilsudsky Street, now Stepan Bandera Street. ►

During the period 1939-41 part of the Polish population was deported (destinations varied). Their houses became state owned. In this time period the Soviet authority completely established a new order and rule.

In June 1941, Germany invaded Russia (Operation Barbarossa) and Zymna Voda was again occupied by the German Wehrmacht within a month. The Russian counteroffensive (late 1942 – mid 1944) recaptured Zymna Voda.

On July of 1944 the German Army left the village. At the time of its retreat from the Russian troops the railway station was destroyed. The pedestrian railway crossing bridge was destroyed as well, leftovers of which have been moved to Levandivka in L’viv in 1948.

The view on the station from the pedestrian crossing bridge in Zymna Voda, ~1942 ►

◄ (Father) Marian Rozylowicz (c), Zymna Voda station, ~1942

▲ Wrecked Soviet tank KV-1, 1941:

… lying there till 1950. ►

From known documents the Village of Zymna Voda (Cold Water) together with territory of “Kaltwasser” belonged to the municipality of L’viv … from 1942 and for 43 years. During the war there was minimal military action at the territory of the village. Additionally, during the war, the Germans established a Jewish ghetto in the village, where the Jews were settled away from their home villages. There is evidence that the Germans shot Jews on Sirko Street (the former Mitskevich Street).The Germans protected the railway, as it was critical to them. The Germans relocated many people away, to work in Germany, and the one who remained were given a “quota" - a difficult tax. In August 1944, the German occupation ended. During the Great War, 98 inhabitants of the village took part in military action; 34 are awarded awards and medals. With the ending of the war, the village’s destiny also sadly affected its inhabitants. At that time the lands passed from Poland to western Ukraine. Virtually all Polish inhabitants of the village left their houses for Poland. Those who tried to remain were deported by force.

This area then began to be occupied by settlers from nearby communities of Holodnovidka, Pidlyashshya, Nadsennya, Lemkivschyna. Buildings which were left by the former owners were transferred to state ownership: including clinics, a hospital, post office and a school. The largest manor, owned by Mr. Miller, was transferred to the military. Likewise, in this village appeared new Russian inhabitants, those coming back from war resettled in this suburban village.

In 1946, for the villages of Zymna Voda and nearby Rudno an elementary school was opened for the children Ukrainian and Russian families that came back from the war. Lectures were in Russian. In 1951, the school was transferred to a system of seven-year training, in which there were 260 students and 18 teachers.

On the basis of a new economy, St. Catherine's became a collective farm managed by one called Ilyich (?). All lands of the village were transferred to this collective. This farm was in operation for 40 years. In 1973 it was transformed into an industrial brigade of state farm "L’viv". In 1963 an enterprise that produced rubber galoshes was formed into a research-experimental factory. In post-war years the number of inhabitants of village grew rapidly.

New construction grew quickly, number of inhabitants grew sharply, but the quality of life deteriorated. For 50 post-war years only the “public” house for the council and two high schools were constructed. One school (for 850 students) was constructed in 1984 on the location of a former Russian school, and in 1987, another one for 1000 students.

On January 21, 1990, over 300,000 Ukrainians organized a human chain for Ukrainian independence in memory of the 1919 unification of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian National Republic. Citizens came out to the streets and highways, forming live chains by holding hands in support of unity.

Ukraine declared itself an independent state on August 24, 1991. On December 1, Ukrainian voters overwhelmingly approved a referendum formalizing independence from the Soviet Union. The Union formally ceased to exist on December 26, and with this Ukraine's independence was officially recognized by the international community.

Recent development …

On 17 October 2003 the Village of Zymna Voda adopted an herb (city crest, coat of arms). The heraldry incorporated four charges (elements) in the crest field: a stork, a bear, a fir-tree, and three fishes … totally combined to represent a unique recent chapter of Galician/Polish/Ukrainian history.

Herb of Village of Zimna Woda (Zymna Voda - Зимна Вода) (Adopted 17 October 2003)

Because Zimna Woda (Zymna Voda) was one of many regions in the epicenter of the deportation of 482,800 ethnic Ukrainians from their ancestral lands in Holmshchyna, Pidlishia, Nadsiannia, and Lemkivshchyna (see Endnote 8), hereinafter - so-called ‘Zakerzonnia’ (see Endnote 9, 10, 11) - to the Soviet Ukraine in 1944-1946, this crest is a poignant reminder to the many people that trace their ancestral roots to another place. Each of these charges represents a region that impacted the makeup of this village:

In the Zymna Voda herb …

The stork is symbolic of region Nadsiannia, The bear is symbolic of region Holmshchyna, The fir-tree is symbolic of region Lemkivshchyna, The three fishes are symbolic of region Yavorivshchyna

No explanation was given as to why each charge was associated with each region.

Without any further rationale on the herb motif and design, this author has taken the liberty to further explain what he has learned from studying heraldry symbology and offers an insight into the Zymna Voda crest (see Endnote 12).

Endnotes:

1. Pin depicts chapel on main arterial road into Zymna Voda (Зимна Вода). Pin design, funding, manufacture, and contribution by Ed Rozylowicz. Pin dimensions … H: 1.25 in. (3.15 cm), W: 0.875 in. (2.21 cm).

2. The principles of freedom of religious practices were accepted at the Diet of Warsaw in 1573, and agreed to by every elected king thereafter. Dissidents were non-uniat Greek Orthodox and Protestants. Source: The First Partition of Poland, Herbert H. Kaplan, Columbia University Press, 1962

3. 167 years after 1607 is the year 1774. In 1773, Maria Theresia and Josef II expelled the Jesuit order. Source: Internet

4. Source: Encyclopedia Britannica, 1938 edition, volume 18, page 141

5. Kaltwasser was founded in 1783. Source: Alfred Konrad (GGD Member K22, Stuttgart, Germany)

6. This “17 familes …” quotation is from an article authored by Karl Messner in journal “Zeitweiser”, published in 1988 titled “Die deutsche Siedlung Kaltwasser bei Lemberg” (translated as “The german settlement Kaltwasser by Lemberg”). Karl Messner wrote … “In den Schriften mit den Titeln "Das Deutschtum in Galizien 1914" kann man lesen: "Dreizehn Kilometer westlich von Lemberg, knapp an der Reichsstraße, die Lemberg mit Grodek und Przemysl verbindet, liegt die deutsche Siedlung Kaltwasser. Sie wurde zur Zeit Kaiser Joseph II. im Jahre 1781 von 17 Familien, die aus Mannheim und Frankfurt a. M. stammten, gegründet. Später entstanden durch Teilung einiger Grundwirtschaften noch fünf Häuser, so daß Kaltwasser 22 Nummern zählte." ... here translated as ... „In the writings with the title "The Germans in Galicia 1914" you can read: "Thirteen miles west of Lemberg, close to the national highway, where Lemberg connects with Grodek and Przemysl, is the German settlement of Kaltwasser. it was the time of Emperor Joseph II. It was established in 1781; 17 families that came from Mannheim and Frankfurt. Later, by sharing some basic economies of five houses, Kaltwasser numbered 22." Source: Alfred Konrad (GGD Member K22, Stuttgart, Germany)

7. Karl Messner, journal “Zeitweiser”, 1988, “Die deutsche Siedlung Kaltwasser bei Lemberg” (translated as “The german settlement Kaltwasser by Lemberg”). Full German article extract available; contact Ed Rozylowicz (GGD Member R4, New Mexico, USA) or Betty Wray (GGD Administrator W5, Walnut Creek, Califonia, USA).

8. Geographic locations of regions (most historically Galician) … sources: Internet

A. Lemkivshchyna … sometimes called Lemkovyna, Lemkivshchyna, Lemkovshchina or Łemkowszczyzna, is the region traditionally inhabited by the Lemkos. It forms an ethnographic peninsula 140 km long and 25–50 km wide from the Ukrainian border within Polish and Slovak territory. The Lemko region occupies the lowest part of the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains.

B. Yavorivshchyna … Yavoriv (Ukrainian: Яворів; Polish: Jaworów) is the administrative center of the Yavoriv Raion and rests approximately 50 km west of the oblast capital, L’viv. Yavoriv was infamous during World War II for its ghetto. Around 5,000 Jews remained in the ghetto during the course of the war.

C. Nadsiannia ... The Nadsiannia region of Poland largely consists of the Podkarpackie province (Subcarpathian Voivodeship situated in the far south-east of Poland). The region's name literally means "above the Sian," referring to the river that flows through the province and its central city, Peremyshl (Przemysl in Polish). Before World War II, the region had a large population of Ukrainians who were either forcibly resettled in Poland and the Soviet Union, or voluntarily immigrated to nations throughout the world.

D. Holmshchyna … Volyn Oblast (Ukrainian: Волинська область; also referred to as Volyn) is an oblast (province) in north-western Ukraine. Historically Volyn covers land in Ukraine, Poland (Holm and Podlasie) and Belarus (Beresteyschynu).

9. Named after George Curzon, British Foreign Secretary in 1919-1924, Curzon gave his name to his line that became the British government's proposed Soviet-Polish boundary, the Curzon Line of December 1919. Although during the subsequent Russo-Polish War, Poland conquered ground in the east, Poland was shifted westwards after the Second World War, leaving the Curzon Line approximately the border between Poland and its eastern neighbors today. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston

10. For over half a century these lands have been known as Zakerzonnia — the territory that was severed from Ukraine proper when Stalin was redrawing the state borders. The years 2004-2006 marked the unhappy 60th anniversary of the ethnic cleansing of the indigenous Ukrainian population from the Lemko, Nadsiannia, Kholm, and Southern Pidliashshia regions, which was done under the pretence of “repatriation” with the use of brutal administrative pressure and subsequently with bayonets. As a result, nearly half a million Ukrainians were evicted from this land. This black deed was completed in 1947 by means of “Operation Vistula,” during which 150,000 Ukrainians who had managed to hold on to their homes were evicted and scattered across northern and western Poland, and which was done under the guise of the struggle against the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). Source: “The Day” Weekly Digest, a Ukrainian Press Group Joint Stock Company, http://www.day.kiev.ua

11. This forced expatriation was backed by the illegal Agreement signed on September 9, 1944 by the government of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Polish Committee for National Liberation, both having no right to act as international entities at that time. Source: Stepan Romaniuk, Head of Kyiv Society of deported Ukrainians Holmshchyna, http://www.holm.kiev.ua/

12. The heraldy (coat of arms, city crest) for Zimna Woda (Zymna Voda - Зимна Вода) has a recent and modern genesis. Its four symbolic charges (any emblem, person, animal, plant, object or other device occupying a heraldic field) have been established and their provenance documented. Relying on heraldry meanings of charges, we can safely extract the “probable” significance and meaning of the city crest. To wit, each element of the Zymna Voda city crest is interpreted as follows:

a. Shield: In general, the shape of the shield employed in a coat of arms is irrelevant, because the fashion for the shield-shapes employed in heraldic art has changed through the centuries.

b. Shield Top, Garb, Wheat: This heraldic term is derived from the French “gerbe”, meaning a sheaf of any kind of grain (usually wheat). It represented that the harvest of one's hopes had been secured. Also a symbol of hospitality and prosperity. Wheat is the quintessential nutritional plant. In ancient cultures it was believed to contain the mystery of life and death and thus it became a sacred plant. In Christianity, the heads of wheat symbolized the Eucharistic Bread of Life.

c. Field Left: Stork - it stands for vigilance. Majority of storks in heraldry are shown with one leg raised; no obvious significance to that pose. Often the stork’s claws hold a rock, a branch, a snake, etc., which has a particular meaning; this stork is devoid of any extraneous item.

d. Field Right: Bear - The bear is a common charge in heraldry, perhaps inherited from its totemic use among Germanic peoples and by some interpreted as symbolizing strength, cunning and ferocity in the protection of one's kindred. The "bear salient" is leaping, with both hind legs together on the ground and both forelegs together in the air. This is a very rare position for a bear, but is also used on other heraldic beasts; perhaps here shown leaping to match vertical stork on left.

e. Field Center, Pine Tree: Life and the mystical connection of the earth with heaven. The roots of this tree are not showing, therefore the tree is termed eradicated couped. Pine is a tree of life and humanity, symbolizing long-suffering, steadfast friendships, and enduring fame. It is believed that the pine tree symbolizes immortality, resiliency, longevity, and rebirth.

f. Field Bottom, Fishes: A true, generous mind; virtuous for itself, not because of its heritage; also unity with Christ, spiritual nourishment

The interpretation of each city crest charge is based on research over many heraldry sources and its conclusions are the sole responsibility of Ed Rozylowicz. The reader is free to draw their own conclusions.

Display of Zymna Voda city crest (Polish): http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimna_Woda_%28Ukraina%29

Military Institute of Geography, Warsaw, 1931

Village plat of Zimna Woda (Zymna Voda, Зимна Вода) and Kaltwasser, 1931

Village plat of Zimna Woda (Zymna Voda, Зимна Вода), 1939