ZhejiangTechonology Institute of Economy

Running System Unit 2

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Running System

Vocabulary

Section IV Comprehensive practice

Section III Grammar

Section II Reading

Section I Listening and speaking

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Section I Listen and Speaking

Task 1: Picture recognition

Task 2: Read and Match

Task 3: Speak Out

Task 4: Listen and practice

Task 5: Act out

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Look at the following five pictures. For each picture you will hear four statements. Choose the statement that best describes what you see in the picture.

A B

D

EF

3 2 1 4 6 5

A B

C

D

E F

Running System

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Read and match. Read the picture and make a match.

B-shock absorber

C-lower control arm

D-trailing arm

( 3 ) A. driving axle ( 2 ) E. rear suspension

( 4 ) B. rear-wheel drive ( 5 ) F. front-wheel drive

( 7 ) C. front suspension ( 6 ) G. driven spindle

( 1 ) D. frame

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Speak out. Look at the pictures in Task1 and Task2, ask your partner

the following questions, and organize the sentences.

1. What are the main components of a running system?

2. What are the main functions of a running system ?

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Listen and practice. Listen to the dialogues, fill in the missing information, and practice them with your partner.

Dialogue 1

Jack: Good morning. Is my car__________?Technician: Oh, bad news, I’m afraid.Jack: What is it?Technician: There is something wrong with the __________, which means the running device of your car is not in good __________.Jack: When can you finish?Technician: Perhaps in one hour or even __________.Jack: Please be quick.Technician: OK, I will try my best.Jack: I’ll come back __________ hours later.Technician: See you.

done

suspension

condition

longer

four

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Listen and practice. Listen to the dialogues, fill in the missing information, and practice them with your partner.

Dialogue 2

Technician: Can I help you, sir?Mike: My car always makes squeaky __________ when I am driving.Technician: Are you sure that noises are not sent from the __________ or __________?Mike: No, they’re not.Technician: Maybe you need to check the __________.Mike: What’s wrong with it?Technician: I cannot explain it exactly now. I’ll take some time to __________ it.Mike: How long will it take?Technician: I’m not sure. Maybe one hour, maybe one day.

noisesengine

wheels

suspension

check

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Take Task 4 as example, practice dialogues according to the situations provided

with your partner.

Situation 1: Rock is a technician of an auto maintenance company; he is explaining the functions of the running system to visitors.

Situation 2: Jack and John are talking about the reasons why a car runs quickly on the poor road surface, Jack believes it due to the running device while John thinks it is because of the engine.

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Section II Reading

Reading A Reading B

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Reading A

Task 1

Task 2

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Reading A

power

move

classified

common

main

Automobile EngineThe engine is used to supply ______ for an automobile. Without the engine, the automobile will not ______, so the engine is often called the “heart” of the automobile. It turns fuel into the energy of auto-power.According to the different types of fuel used, the engine can be ______ as being a gasoline engine, a kerosene engine or a diesel engine. The most ______ automobile engine is the gasoline engine.An engine has many working parts. The ______ parts are known as the connecting, crankshaft, valve, gear, fuel system and cooling system. Gasoline engines also have an ignition system.

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These working parts of an engine can easily ______ the problems because they are working in high ________, high ________ and _______ conditions. If something unusual happens, check the engine driving belts, oil level, coolant level and replace spark plugs etc. So the engine should be often maintained and ______.

Reading A

cause

pressure temperaturechangeable

checked

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Reading A

1. Generally, an automobile is operated by ______. A. pressure B. engine C. temperature

2. Engines can be divided into gasoline engines, kerosene engines or diesel engines according to________. A. type of coolingB. type of fuel used C. type of ignition

B

B

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Reading A

3. The most common automobile engine is ________. A. the gasoline engine B. the kerosene engineC. the diesel engine

4. Why is the engine called the “heart” of the automobile?A. Because it turns fuel into the energy of auto-power.B. Because it has many working parts.C. Because it can easily cause problems.

A

A

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Reading BReading B

Task 3

Task 2

Task 1

Text

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Reading B Four-stage-engine Operation

The internal combustion engine, as its name indicates, burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. The actions taking place in the engine cylinder can be classified into four stages, or strokes. “Stroke” refers to piston movement; a stroke occurs when the piston moves from one limiting position to the other. The upper limit of piston movement is called TDC (top dead center). The lower limit of piston movement is called BDC (bottom dead center). A stroke is piston movement from TDC to BDC or from BDC to TDC. In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes its direction of motion.

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Where the entire cycle of events in the cylinder requires four

strokes (or two crankshaft revolutions), the engine is called a four-stroke-cycle. The four-stroke-cycle engine is also called the Otto cycle engine, in honor of the German engineer, Dr. Nikolaus Otto, who first applied the principle in 1876. The four piston strokes are intake, compression, power and exhaust.

Intake stroke. On the intake stroke, the intake valve has

opened, the piston is moving downward, and a mixture of air and vaporized gasoline is entering the cylinder through the valve port. The mixture of air and vaporized gasoline is delivered to the cylinder by the fuel system and carburetor.

Reading B Four-stage-engine Operation

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Compression stroke. After the piston reaches BDC, or the

lower limit of its travel, it begins to move upward. As this happens, the intake valve closes. The exhaust valve is also closed, so that the cylinder is sealed. As the piston moves upward (pushed now by the revolving crankshaft and connecting rod), the air-fuel mixture is compressed. By the time the piston reaches TDC, the mixture has been compressed to as little as one-tenth of its original volume, or even less. When the air-fuel mixture is compressed, not only does the pressure in the cylinder go up, but the temperature of the mixture also increases.

Reading B

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Power stroke. As the piston reaches TDC on the

compression stroke, an electric spark is produced at the spark plug. The ignition system delivers a high-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug to produce the spark. The spark ignites the air-fuel mixture. It now begins to burn very rapidly, and the cylinder pressure increases to as much as 3-5MPa or even more. This terrific push against the piston forces it downward, and a power impulse is transmitted through the connecting rod to the crankpin on the crankshaft. The crankshaft is rotated as the piston is pushed down by the pressure above it.

Reading B

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Exhaust stroke. As the piston reaches BDC again, the

exhaust valve opens. Now, as the piston moves up on the exhaust stroke, it forces the burned gases out of the cylinder through the exhaust-valve port. Then, when the piston reaches TDC, the exhaust valve closes and the intake valve opens. Now, a fresh charge of air-fuel mixture will be drawn in to the cylinder as the piston moves down again toward BDC.

This four stroke cycle of piston within the cylinder is repeated time and again to put the vehicle forward.

Reading B

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convert into 把 ... 转变成

Sugar is converted into alcohol through the process of fermentation.

糖经过发酵变成酒精。

We plan to convert the old barn into flats.

我们计划把旧谷仓改建成住房。

Important Words & Phrases

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Important Words & Phrases

propel v. 推进，驱使

We are propelled to go forward.我们被推着向前走。

His addiction to drugs propelled him towards a life of crime .他吸毒成瘾使他走上了犯罪的道路。

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Important Words & Phrases

in honor of 为纪念，为向 ... 表示敬意，为 ... 庆祝

The monument is in honor of a scientist.

那座纪念碑是为纪念一位科学家而建的。

A reception was held in honor of the new director.

举行酒会来欢迎新主任。

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Important Words & Phrases

apply vt. 应用

This rule cannot be applied to every case.

这项规则不是所有情况都使用。

In this way they can better apply theory to practice.

这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。

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Important Words & Phrases

seal v. 盖印，密封 n. 印章，封条

The envelope was firmly sealed.

这个信封封得很严实。

The seal on this bottle is broken.

这个瓶上的密封纸破开了。

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Important Words & Phrases

transmit vt. 传输，传送

This infection is transmitted by mosquitoes.

这种传染病是由蚊子传染的。

The World Cup final is being transmitted live to over fifty countries.

世界杯决赛现在正向五十多个国家现场转播。

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Important Words & Phrases

time and again 屡次，一再

Children are forgetful and must be told time and again how to behave.

孩子们没记性，必须反复告诉他们怎样表现自己的举止。I read the poem time and again.

我一遍又一遍地读这首诗。

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Task 1: Read and judge. Read the passage and judge whether the statement is true or false.

1.The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs in a combustion chamber.

2.The four piston strokes are intake, compression, power and exhaust.

3.The air-fuel mixture is compressed on the intake stroke.

4.The cylinder is sealed on the compression stroke.

5.On the exhaust stroke, the intake valve closes, the exhaust valve is also closed.

T

T

T

F

F

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Task 2: Read, complete and retell. Read the passage again and fill in the blanks with the information in the passage, and then try to retell the passage.

The internal combustion engine burns fuel ________ the cylinders. The actions taking place in the engine cylinder can be classified into four ________, or ________. They are ________, ________, ________ and ________. On the intake stroke, a ________ of air and vaporized ________ enters the cylinder. Then the air-fuel mixture is __________. On power stroke, it burns very rapidly, and the cylinder pressure increases. On exhaust stroke the burned gases are forced out. The four stroke cycle of piston within the cylinder is repeated time and again to put the vehicle forward.

within

stages strokes intake compression power

exhaust mixture

gasoline compressed

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Task 3: Revise and Translate. Translate the following sentences into

Chinese.

1. The actions taking place in the engine cylinder can be classified into four stages, or strokes .

2. The mixture of air and vaporized gasoline is delivered to the cylinder by the fuel system and carburetor .

3. When the air-fuel mixture is compressed, not only does the pressure in the cylinder go up, but the temperature of the mixture also increases.

发动机汽缸内的工作过程可以分为四个过程或行程。

可燃混合气由燃料系统和化油器运送到汽缸 。

当油气混合燃料被压缩时，不仅汽缸里的压力上升，可燃混合气的温度也随之增加了

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Task 3: Revise and Translate. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

4. As the piston reaches TDC on the compression stroke, an electric spark is produced at the spark plug.

5. This four stroke cycle of piston within the cylinder is repeated time and again to put the vehicle forward.

当活塞到达压缩行程的上止点时，火花塞产生电火花。

汽缸活塞的四个冲程不断重复，推动着汽车前进 。

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Grammar

Grammar

Task 1

Task 2

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Compound Sentences

用法 例句表示并列关系 and , or , either…or , neither / nor , not only…but (also), both…and , as well as .

She came to my house yesterday evening, and I went to hers. Do it this way or you'll be in trouble.

Either you tell him the truth, or I do it.

表示转折意思 but , yet , however , nevertheless， whereas .

Everything in the world is outside you but health belongs to yourself. He has learned English for only one year, yet he can communicate with people in English.

John has his shortcomings; however, that doesn't mean he is not qualified for the job.

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用法 例句表示因果关系for , so , therefore , hence 　　

I've got a meeting to attend, so I have to go now. You are in the right, therefore we should support you. The town was built on the side of a hill, hence it's named Hillside.

* 并列句中，如果后面分句有词与前面分句的词相同，有时可以省略，以避免重复。

My office is on the ground floor and hers on the 5th.

The scenery was beautiful, and the acting superb.

Compound Sentences

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Task 1: Read the following sentences and judge whether they are

simple sentences, compound sentences or complex sentences.

1.The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.

2. I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English.

3. Jane and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying.

4. Alex played football, so Maria went shopping.

5. Alicia goes to the library and studies every day.

complex sentence

complex sentence

complex sentence

complex sentence

simple sentence

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Task 2: Translate the following into English.

1. 他不知道你的地址，我也不知道。

2. 别骂人，因为我讨厌骂人。

3. 他们中有些人受伤了，但大部分人没受伤。

4. 孩子们可以和我们一起去，或呆在家里。

5. 他们想住在城里而我们宁可住在乡下。

He doesn't know your address, neither / nor do I.

Don’t swear, for I dislike swearing.

Some of them were injured, but most of them weren’t.

The children can go with us, or they can stay at home.

They want to live in town, whereas we would rather live in the country.

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Section IV Comprehensive Practice

(II) Presentation(I) Applied Writing

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(I) Applied Writing

InquiryInquiry

A letter of inquiry is a request for information that the writer believes A letter of inquiry is a request for information that the writer believes the reader can provide. Regardless of its subject, the objective is to get the reader can provide. Regardless of its subject, the objective is to get the reader to respond with an action that satisfies the inquiry. An the reader to respond with an action that satisfies the inquiry. An inquiry letter should be brief, concise and informative. inquiry letter should be brief, concise and informative. Be courteous. Remember, by making this request you are imposing on Be courteous. Remember, by making this request you are imposing on the reader’s time and/or resources.the reader’s time and/or resources.Briefly explain the purpose of your letter or what you hope to Briefly explain the purpose of your letter or what you hope to accomplish. Such an explanation may prompt the recipient of your accomplish. Such an explanation may prompt the recipient of your letter to act more quickly.letter to act more quickly.Clearly state what it is that you are inquiring about and what you would Clearly state what it is that you are inquiring about and what you would like the recipient of your letter to do. Make your inquiry as specific as like the recipient of your letter to do. Make your inquiry as specific as possible.possible.Include the date by which you need the information, services, etc. that Include the date by which you need the information, services, etc. that you are requesting, and indicate that you await the reader’s response.you are requesting, and indicate that you await the reader’s response.Thank the person for his/her time.Thank the person for his/her time.

Sample 1 Sample 2

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Sample 1

Dear Sir,     We are interested in buying large quantities of steel screws in all sizes.     We would be obliged if you would give us a quotation per kilogram C&F Liverpool, England. It would also be appreciated if you could forward samples and your price-list to us.     We used to purchase these products from other sources. We may now prefer to buy from your company because we understand that you are able to supply larger quantities at more attractive prices. In addition, we have confidence in the quality of your products.     We look forward to hearing from you by return E-mail.

Sincerely,

Tony Smith

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Sample 2

Dear Sir/Madam,      I am a Chinese teacher and I am teaching English in the English Department of Zhejiang University.  In the coming October, I will go to your university to further my studies in the English Department.

I have learnt from the magazine of Birmingham University published by the Guild of Students that I must apply for my accommodation in advance. Since I am coming alone, I prefer a room in a flat on the campus. I'd like to share the flat with five students from different countries so that I can gain more cultural background knowledge.     I am just writing to ask a favor of you. If not possible, what kind of accommodation could you offer me?     Your kind help would be greatly appreciated.

     Looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely,                                                       Ming Li

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Task:

Write a letter to Mr. Tomas Wells, the sales manager of Breakstone Trading Company. You want to get the pricelist and the catalogue of GPS navigator. Write an inquiry letter to him.

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Task

Dear Sir,

   We are interested in buying large quantities of GPS navigators from your company. Would you please send us a copy of your catalogue and the latest pricelist for the GPS navigator? If the quality of your products proves satisfactory and the prices are competitive, we prefer to place regular orders for large numbers.    We look forward to your early reply.

Yours sincerely, XXX

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(II) Presentation

Search the library or the Internet for more detailed information about automobile running system and give a presentation about it.

Students can choose one of the two tasks, work in groups, and prepare for an in-class presentation.