ZASTITA BILJA - Izbis
12
I UDK 631.9 I YU ISSN 0372-7866 INSTITUT ZA ZA.STITU BIUA - BEOGRAD INSTITUTE FOR PLANT PROTECTION - BEOGRAD ZASTITA BILJA (PLANT PROTECTION) VOL. 31(1) BROJ 131 1980. GOD. ZaMirta bilja Vol. 31(1) Br. 151 (str. 1-96) Beograd, 1980.
Transcript of ZASTITA BILJA - Izbis
I UDK 6319 I YU ISSN 0372-7866
INSTITUT ZA ZASTITU BIUA - BEOGRAD INSTITUTE FOR PLANT PROTECTION - BEOGRAD
ZASTITA BILJA (PLANT PROTECTION)
VOL 31(1) BROJ 131 1980 GOD
ZaMirta bilja Vol 31(1) Br 151 (str 1-96) Beograd 1980
ZaStita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 1-96 (1980) Beograd
CONTENTS ScieIltdmiddotfic peepers
V Lazarev Bioecologicat features of Lophodermium sppBosnia
on middottwoneedle Pines in 27
P Marinkovic 1 Popovic Phytotoxic effects of Fusarium oxysporum var orthoceras f pini meshytabolities on embryos of Pinus nigra Arn -
U Islam A Marie Coortribution to -the studies on biology epidemiology and resistance of sunflover Ito Alternaria helianthi (Hansf) Taub NJsh - - - -
A Serafimovski Some opservations on the evolution of fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Drury) in the surroundings of Skopje -
M Jovanovic N Dimic Contribution to the knowledge of leaf miners on clover and alfaUa
C Sidor V Grbi6 Diseases of red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) pr ovoked by microorgashynisms in region of Vofvodina (Yugoslavia) -
V Vojinovi6 ~ Perle N Neskovic M Drli6 Content of lindaoe residues in soH and plant parts of stubbleltfield cropsafter ilts appliclltion in wheat as bullthe main crop
33
48
57
67
75
82
Professiomiddotnal papers
M Sestovic I Peric R Kljaji6 Resmance as a factor in the chemical control of harmful orgamsms - 94
Reviews
M Arsenijevi6 Baktenialjnie bolezni lesnfu drevesnih porod 95 Bakterialinie bolezni rasteni shy 95
Zastita bilja Vol 3Ul) hr lSI S--28 middot(1980) ampltgtgrad i7
sa prakticnog stanovista m~tite ~nacajan je samo period mashysovnog rasiavanja aSikospora lkada se ostvaruju i masovne middotipfekcije dok infekcije Uzvan tog perioda imaju sporadican middotkarakter Koncentrishysanom aplikacijom fungkida u tam pe1iodu moguce je obezbjediti goshytovo poflpWlu za~tiJtu iglica od infekcija paoogena middot
(Primljeno 16 01 1980)
LITBRATURA
Gruj o ska M 19 M a rin k o vic P (1967) Lophodermium pinastri (Schard) Chev u rasadnicima
i kultumma bora Swnarstvo 5--Q Beograd M i 11 a r C S Watson A R (1971) Two biotypes of Lophodermium pinastri
in Scotland Eur J For Path 1 87-93 M i 11 a r C S R i chardos G (1975) The inci~e of Lophodermium types in
attached pine needles Mitt Bundesforschungsanst Forst-HoJzwjrtsch Reinmiddot bek 108 57--QS
Minter D (1978) Morphology ecology and biology of Lophodermium forms on Pinus sylvestris in Scotland (izvod iz doktorskc disertacije) Aberdeen
Staas-Ebregt E M Gremmen J (1975) Results of research on the occumence of biotypes in the fungus Lophodermium (ampbrad ex Hook)Chev in the Netherbnds Mitt Bundesforschungsanst Forst-Holzwirtschaft Reinbek 108 87--89
Staley J M (1975) The taxonomy of Lophodermia on pinos with special reshyference to problems in North American Christmas tree plantations Mitt Bundesforschungsanst Forst-Holzwirtsch Reinbek 108 79-85
Us ~ up 1ic M (1976) Epidemiological aspects oi Loplrodermium pinastri in Boshysnia and possible control IUFRO Congres Oslo
BlOECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF LOPHODERMIUM SPP ON TWO-NEEDLE PINES IN BOSNIA
V Lazarev Forestry ~aculty Sarajevo
Summary
Bioeoological feat-ures of Lophodermium spp i-n Bosnia were stushydied an primary and seooodary needles of Pinus sylvestris and P nigra var austriaca We found differences io1 morfology anatomy ecology life cycle and pathogenidty among these fungi On prJmary needle of cme year old seedlings the moot important iJS L seditiosum which colonize a few months old needles However L pinastri as less vilrulert species usualy colanilze first needles which are fiziologicaly weakened and never cause dieing ofseedliJl8S
On secondary needles both Lophodermium species ooutd appear L seditiosum on one year and two yea~rs old needles while L pinastri
28 Wtita bija Vol 31-(l) 1raquo 151 5-28 (1980) Bcograd
only on two years and older needles There were some d ifferences in morphology of these species on primary and secondary needles Howeshyver their isolates are the same -typical of each Lophodermium species
Life cycle of these species is quite different Dissemination of asoospores of L seditiosum and aritical infection pe11iod last poundrom m~ddte august to october while middotdissemination of ascospores of L pinashystri la-st from may to july
Za~tita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 29-34 (1980) Beograd
Pribislav Marlnkovic SUillallski fakultet Beograd
Jelica Popovic lnitilut za sumarstvo i drvnu indwtriju Beograd
PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM VAR ORmOCERAS F PINI METABOLITES ON
EMBRYOS OF PINUS NIGRA ARN
The freed embryos of Austrian pine were exposed to t he action of toxic products of mebaboliltsm of fhe fungus by being immersed -in -the filtrates of cultures The phygttotoxic efifeots were established on bullthe bases of embryos growth Vleight increment pigmentation intensity ellp3111$on of root zone and opening of cotyledons The degree of phytotoXJic action was proportiJonal to bullthe production of rtoxiru and these effects are manifested through the lleduced growth of embryo inoapabilioty to form root cap and cotyledons
Fusarium species can cause considerable damage to the production of forestry nursery stock since their action prevents germination of seed and development of young plants Fusarium oxysporum var orthoceras f pini ~s a distincly middotpathogenic species which causes seed-decay and damping off Austrian pine saplings (Pen o 1968)
In the course of metabolic processes in fungi toxic metabolites are synthetised which affect biochemical processes essential to the life of plant and thereby create conditions for the bulloccurence anmiddotd developmiddot ment of -deseases According to the available data the Fusarium 5pecies also synthe~ise toxic metabolites A large number of these metabolites has been identified so far but their action has been iIlvestigated mainly on ltrQPs The effects of toxic metabolites on plants related to forestry trees has been inadequately studied Hence the reasons for conducting an investigaton into phytotoxic effeCts of Fusarium oxysporum var orthoshyceras f pini fungus on embryos of Pinus nigra
Zahita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 35--49 (1980) Beograd
Ubaldul Islam Adam Marie Facully of Altricuhure Novi Sad
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDIES ON BIOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RESISTANCE OF SUNFLOWER TO ALTERNARIA HELIANTHI
(HANSF) TAUB NISH
In this paper are presenled the results of the studies of the role of a toxmiddotin like metgtabolite of the fungus in pathogenesis of the disease overwintering of the parasitethe influence of different metheorological factors on the development of the disease and different problems of sunshyflower resistance to A helianthi
Production of a toxin by the fungus
In our middotprevious work (I s I a m and M a r i c 1978) we poifnted out that A helianthi along with other symptoms causes premature wilting of infected SIUIlflower plants which ilndicates the possible proshyduction of toxin like metaboliites by the fungus
In order to study this questron A helianthi has beem grown in Richards Czapek Dox and Malt llqu~d media lnocudated media were kept iln an mcubator art 24C for an period of 45 days Only mah Liquid media was used in further experdments because it was the mOISt suishytable for sungus growth The cuture was ~iltered and f1iJtrate obtained was used to assay the toxin produc1lion by assessement of the inhibi tion of seed germination (L u d w i g 1955) and root ekmgamiddottlilon (L u k e and Wheeler 1955)
Sunflower seed was soaked for 24 hours in the cultJUre filtralte and then placed on fiiher paper in Petri dishes Three ml of the filltrafe with various concentrations was added to the fiJter paper Five repHshycatt~Jns were maintaned for each treatment with 10 seeds in each dish Seeds soaked in lllilinoculated media and sterile warter served as canshyrol
Influence of cuLtJural fJltrate on lOOt e1ongation was studied on S~edHngs after germination in sand Ten seeds wampth about 1 em root lt~ngth were placed on filter paper moistened with 3 ml of cultJUral filtrate of various concentratr~ons in Petrv dishes Filter paper moistened
57 ZMtita bilja Vol l1(1) bt- 151 St-57 (1980) Beogcad
LITBRATURA
Bogavac M (1954) Broj guseniauh stadijuma dudovca Zdtita bilja br 25 Beograd
Bohm- Pschorn (1952) Biologie und Bekampfung von H cunea Pflanzenshyschutz-Berichte IX H 710
E h r e hard t i dr (1953) Prilog poznavanju biologije i suzbijanja dudovca Zashysecttita blija br 1617- Beograd
Grim a 1 j ski j V M (1956) Amerikanskaja belaja babOCka (H cuned) tak vreshyditelj lesa Zoologi~eskij furnal Tom XXXV
Mace 1j ski M (1953) Dudovac na podrucju Hrvatske 1952 g Zatita biljabr 16 17 Beograd
Non ve i 11 e r G (1951) Dudovac~nova ~tetOCina u Jugoslaviji Zatita bilja br 3 Beograd
Novakov i c V (1953) Pojava dudovca u Bosni 1952 god Zatita bUja br 1617 Beograd
Petrik C (1953) Bioekolosectka istmivanja dudovca u uslovima Vojvodine Zamiddot secttita bilja br 1717 Beograd
Petrik C (1958) Dosadasectnji rad na ispitivanju i suzbijanju dudovca u APV Zasecttita bilja br 4950 - Beograd
Surany i P (1948) Ein neuer Schiidling in Europa Hyphantria cunea Drury Pflanzenschutzberichte II 3-4 Wien
Tadic M (1961 Novi podaoi o dudovcu ~robemija br 4- Beograd Tad i c M (1967) Sirenje dudovca u svetu ina Balkanu i adaptaeija autohtonih
parazita na ovu secttetocinu ZUtita bilja br 96 n Beograd Zabarie A (1951) Pojava dudovca u NR Hrvatskoj Zasecttita bilja br 8 Beograd
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE EVOLUTION OF FALL WEBWORM (HYPHANTRIA CUNEA DRURY) IN THE SURROUNDINGS OF SKOPJE
A Seraflmovald Fote$try Facuhy - Skopje
After almost 20 years of stanltbtil H cunea Drury starts a new incursion into the southern parts of our country At the end of summer 1975 it was observed for the first time in the surroundings of Skopje and as early as tin 1977 1978 were dilscovered its new focuses m other parts of Macedonia (swroundin3s of Kumanovo Strunxka Prilep)
In the surroundings of Skopje it manages to develop 2-3 geneshyrations a year and to pass into the winter diapause in the pupal stage Caterpillars moulted 5 times ie they develop in 6 stages The total development of caterpillars lasted from 34 to 38 days The female moths lilved 49--68 and the male ones 42-59 days oo an average The fertility of females varied about 350 eggs which were deposited chiefly in 1-2 eggs clusters The caterpillars fed on several fruit forest horticultural and truck farming plant species The II and III generations were marmiddot kedly voracious
Further investigations of Fall Webworm in this Republic are in progress
67 Za~tita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 59---67 (1980) Beograd
Batini ca J et at (1973) StetoCine i uzroonici bolesti ulimlle repice Radovi XLVI Odjeljenje prilrodnih i matemat-i~kth nauka knitiga 13 Akademija nauka i umjetnos1i BiH Sarajevo
Bat inic a J et at (1974) ~ilog proucavarnju faune i uzroeo1ka bolesti suncokreshyta u njegovim uzgojnim Podrucjima SR Bosne i Hercegovine Radovi Poljoshyprivrednog fakulteta XXII-XXIII br 24--25 Sarajevo
Hering E M (1957) Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen von Europa Band II 1 III S Gravenohage
J ovanovJ c M (1968) Prgtilog proucavanju paratzitne mikroflore ~ entomofaune na visectegodMnjdm vlatastim travama i leguminomma u dkolini Kru~evca Zborshynik naucnFh TaJdova Sveska II i III Zavod za krmno middotbilie Krusectevac
K o v a ce v J c t (1952) Primjenjena entomologLja II knjiga PoljopriVredni ~teshytnicl Skolska knjjga Zagreb
Spencer K A (1973) Aampromyzidae (Dijgttera) of economic middotimportance The Hague
S e r vade bullti A Zan g her i S (1962) Lezioni di Entomologia agramiddotria Terza edmiddotlzione Padova
Tana s i ievbullic N I lie B (1969) Posebna entomologiia Beograd Vacl a v V et al (1970) Prilog poznavaalju bolesti i stetooina sofe u proizvodnim
podru~jirna BoSIle ZaWta bilia middotbr 109 Beograd Vas H j e v V et al (1974) Vredirtelji seljskohazja_jstvenih kuljtur 1 lesnih nasaZdeshy
nij Tom II Vrednije clenistonogije (prodoiZenije) pozvonoenije Kijev
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF LEAF MINERS ON CLOVER AND ALFALFA
M Jovanovl~ Agricultural station Kru$evac N Dlmlt Agricultural faculty Sarajevo
Summa ry
In the course of long term studies (1962-1978) performed on the territory of the S R Bosnia and Hercegovina and the SR Serbia high number of species of leaf miners on clover and alfalfa has been recorded Among the species which were found the most numerous were those poundrom the family Agromyzydae (Diptera) Agromyza nana Mg A frontella Rond Liriomyza trifolii Burg L strigata Mg and Phytomyza horticola Gour but the only one species belongs to the family of LepidopterashyLithocolletis insignitella Z
The leaf miners on the clover and alfalfa were widespread and reshycorded on 46 localities (th e some number in both Republics) Some speshycies were found in high numbers and caused harmful effects Among these species Agromyza nana and A frontella on the clover and alfalfa were economically very significant In the locality of Kru~evac the best control of these pests could be achieved by the treatment with Sistemine and Ekatine in 01 - 02 concentrations
15 Za~tita biJja Vol 31(1) middotbr 151 69-76 (198()) Beog-rad
U n~ programu daljeg rada na ispiJtLvanjima oboljenja P ulmi nalaze se zadaci koJi treba da detaljnije obrade svaJro od pomenutih oholjenja
(Primlj~no 11 02 1980)
LITERATURA
Beavers B J Reed K D (1972) Susceptibility of seven Tetranychids to the nonocluded virus of the oitrus red mite and the correlation of the carmine spider mites as a vector J lnv Pathol 20 279-2amp3
Bird F T (1967) A Yirus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Can J Microb 13 1131
Fisher F E (1951) Florida Entomol 34 83-88 Krieg A (1968) Effectivenes of BaciUus thuringiensis exotoXIin on Tetranychus
telarius (Acarina Tetranychidae) J Inv Pathol 12 478 Leatherdale D (1965) Fungi meeting rust and gall mites (Acarina Eriomiddot
phydae) J Inv Pathol 7 325-328 Lipa J J (1971) Microbial control of mites and ticks U knjlzi raquoMicrobial conshy
trol of insects and mitesc pp 357-373 ed Burges-Hu~sey Acad Press Putman L W H erne C H D (1966) The role of predatons and others
biotic agent-s in regulating the population density of Phytophagous mites in Ontario peach erchards Can Bnt 98 808--820
Putman L W (1970) Occurence and transmission of a virus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi Can Ent 102 305-321
Rted K D (1978 The citrus red mite virus A look at 20 years of research Materijali Intern CoHoq on Invert Pathol Prag 11-17 septemhra 1978
St e j n h a us A E (1959) Possible virus disease in European red milte J Inmiddot sect Pathol J 435-437
Toma~ e vi~ B M i j u ~ k o vic M (1974) Uloga predatora i bolesti u regushylaciji prenamnoienih populacija Panonychus citri McGregor (Acarina Temiddot tranychidae) na egrumima jugoslovenskog primorja Arhiv polj nauka 99 75--88
Xeros N (1956) The virogenic stroma in nuclear and cytoplasmic polybedroshyses Nature London 178 412-13
DISEASES OF RED MITE (PANONYCHUS ULMI KOCH) PROVOKED BY MICROORGANISMS IN REGION OF VOJVODINA (YUGOSLAVIA)
C Sidor Institute Pasteur Novi Sad V Grblc Faculty of Aariculture Institute for Plant Protection Novi Sad
Summary
Results obtained by examinations of red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) show that this mite pest suffers and dies of several dliseases caused by microorganisms It has been started that red mite in Vojvoshydina (nord paiIt of Yugoslavia) are affected by rod shaped nonincluslion virus Besides that in deamiddotd mites were also found polyhedral inclusions
76 Zasecttita lraquolja Vol 31(1) br 151 69-76 (1980) Beograd
with spherical bodies (posslible vints) 60 ll1n in diameter as well as microsporiclia (Nosema bullSp) and fungi Entomophthora sp
Dense orchard populations of P ulmi ill Vojvodi11a were most often affected w1th noninc1usion vJrus at the second place by rnyooses and at the thiord by polyhedral mclusi0111S Microsporidtia were found only iln 1-2 of P ulmi
82 Zasecttita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 77-82 (1980) Beograd
V o j in o vic Vera P e r 1i c Z i v k a (1977) Utvrdivanje stepena adsorpcijeneltih jedinjenja iz grope hlorovanih ugljovodonika u zemljistu tipa smonica i ritska ornica i njihova apsorpcija u biJjke Agrohemija 1-2 1-8
Vojinovic Vera Peric 1 Neskovic N Milovanovic Mbull Pamiddot v ili c Si B r k o M (1977) Ostaci msekticida JU 7emljiStu i biljnim deloshyvima pos e njihove middotprimene za swbijanje zemljjnih ~tetoeina u usevu ~ cerne repe Zbomik radova saop~tenih na VIII Savetovanju o primeni pesmiddottioida u zasecttiti bilja higijeni i u veterini Poree 321-327
V roc in ski j K K 1973) Raspredeljenlije i dinamMca ostatkov DDT i -GHCG v pOCve Materijaly I vsesojuznogo sovdtanija 0 povedenije prevra~renije i analiz pesticidov i in metabolitov v pOCIe PUscino na Oke 5943
Yang HSC Wiers rna GB MHchell W G (1976) Organochlocnie pesticide residues in sugalbeet pulps end molasses from 16 states 1971 Pest Monit J 10 41-43
Zogijani A_ Gvozdenov_i_c R Elezovic I Vopnovic Ve~a Sestov1c M Vulev~c D Penava D De-maJ A (1977) Pnlog proubvanju stepena i objma zagaampmosti zemlji~ta postojanim pesticidima u SAP Kosovo amplop~teno na Simpozijumu o stanju zastiti i unaprecenjuzivotne i radne sredine u SAP Kosovo Pri~tina (u Stampi)
CONTENT OF LINDANE RESIDUES IN SOIL PLANT PARTS OF STUBBLE-FIELD CROPS AFTER ITS APPLICATION IN WHEAT
AS THE MAIN CROPS
V Vojlnovic 1 Perle N Ndkovlt INEP Department of Pesticides Zemun
M Druc The Agrioultural Combine Beogradlaquo - Department bull7 julie Surcin
Summary
ln order to examine the possibility of growing middotthe on crops stubshyble-field after the application of lindane in the main crop the residues of this insecticide were determined in soil and plant parts of f-orage beet red beet rape carrot tobacco and potato on Jindane treated areas at the time of wheat sowing Parallel exammations of samples from the areas watered with artificial rain and from non-watered areas were carmiddot ried out
In all samples of soil (taken from the depth of 0-45 em) were found lindane residues in the amounth not exceeding 50 ppb The COIIlmiddot
tent of lindane found iln all analysed plant partJS were far below the allowed amounts acoording to Yugoslav regulations
94 Zastita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 83-94 (1980) Beograd
RESISTANCE AS A FACTOR IN THE CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
HARMFUL ORGANISMS
M Sesto~ I Perle R Kljaj~ Faculty of Agrioulturo-Department for Pesticides Zemun
INEP - Department for pesticides Zernun
S middotummery
Knowing resistance to be a general biological phenomenon 41d A way of adapta~ian of living organisms to changed environmental conditions in respect to genesjs there are outstanding diferences between this occurrence and the so-called natural tolerance
Special attention is being paid to the resistance problem of insects mites and plant pathogenic fungi and tbe possibility of other harmful organslll5 deveshyloping resistance is being considered as well
It is being stressed that high res~stance is due to some genetic factors and that it may be monogenous po1igenous dominant and uessive Special attention is being paid to the occurrence of cross and muLti resistance to the factors which cause them and to their practical implications
Pointing out that the mecllanism of resistance has a dit-ect dependence on the acquaintance with the mechanism of pesticide action the processes of permeability middotreductioo detoxication increase affinity reduction of middotthe site of action to pesticide molecules and so on are being closely observed
There is a special stlCS6 being put on the future development of teSistanoe its implications (economic and other) and a concept with the aim of overcoming these occun-enoes is beini proposed while from the aspect of the entire problemconcerning resistance the possibilities of further promoting pesticide application are belng considered
ZaStita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 1-96 (1980) Beograd
CONTENTS ScieIltdmiddotfic peepers
V Lazarev Bioecologicat features of Lophodermium sppBosnia
on middottwoneedle Pines in 27
P Marinkovic 1 Popovic Phytotoxic effects of Fusarium oxysporum var orthoceras f pini meshytabolities on embryos of Pinus nigra Arn -
U Islam A Marie Coortribution to -the studies on biology epidemiology and resistance of sunflover Ito Alternaria helianthi (Hansf) Taub NJsh - - - -
A Serafimovski Some opservations on the evolution of fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Drury) in the surroundings of Skopje -
M Jovanovic N Dimic Contribution to the knowledge of leaf miners on clover and alfaUa
C Sidor V Grbi6 Diseases of red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) pr ovoked by microorgashynisms in region of Vofvodina (Yugoslavia) -
V Vojinovi6 ~ Perle N Neskovic M Drli6 Content of lindaoe residues in soH and plant parts of stubbleltfield cropsafter ilts appliclltion in wheat as bullthe main crop
33
48
57
67
75
82
Professiomiddotnal papers
M Sestovic I Peric R Kljaji6 Resmance as a factor in the chemical control of harmful orgamsms - 94
Reviews
M Arsenijevi6 Baktenialjnie bolezni lesnfu drevesnih porod 95 Bakterialinie bolezni rasteni shy 95
Zastita bilja Vol 3Ul) hr lSI S--28 middot(1980) ampltgtgrad i7
sa prakticnog stanovista m~tite ~nacajan je samo period mashysovnog rasiavanja aSikospora lkada se ostvaruju i masovne middotipfekcije dok infekcije Uzvan tog perioda imaju sporadican middotkarakter Koncentrishysanom aplikacijom fungkida u tam pe1iodu moguce je obezbjediti goshytovo poflpWlu za~tiJtu iglica od infekcija paoogena middot
(Primljeno 16 01 1980)
LITBRATURA
Gruj o ska M 19 M a rin k o vic P (1967) Lophodermium pinastri (Schard) Chev u rasadnicima
i kultumma bora Swnarstvo 5--Q Beograd M i 11 a r C S Watson A R (1971) Two biotypes of Lophodermium pinastri
in Scotland Eur J For Path 1 87-93 M i 11 a r C S R i chardos G (1975) The inci~e of Lophodermium types in
attached pine needles Mitt Bundesforschungsanst Forst-HoJzwjrtsch Reinmiddot bek 108 57--QS
Minter D (1978) Morphology ecology and biology of Lophodermium forms on Pinus sylvestris in Scotland (izvod iz doktorskc disertacije) Aberdeen
Staas-Ebregt E M Gremmen J (1975) Results of research on the occumence of biotypes in the fungus Lophodermium (ampbrad ex Hook)Chev in the Netherbnds Mitt Bundesforschungsanst Forst-Holzwirtschaft Reinbek 108 87--89
Staley J M (1975) The taxonomy of Lophodermia on pinos with special reshyference to problems in North American Christmas tree plantations Mitt Bundesforschungsanst Forst-Holzwirtsch Reinbek 108 79-85
Us ~ up 1ic M (1976) Epidemiological aspects oi Loplrodermium pinastri in Boshysnia and possible control IUFRO Congres Oslo
BlOECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF LOPHODERMIUM SPP ON TWO-NEEDLE PINES IN BOSNIA
V Lazarev Forestry ~aculty Sarajevo
Summary
Bioeoological feat-ures of Lophodermium spp i-n Bosnia were stushydied an primary and seooodary needles of Pinus sylvestris and P nigra var austriaca We found differences io1 morfology anatomy ecology life cycle and pathogenidty among these fungi On prJmary needle of cme year old seedlings the moot important iJS L seditiosum which colonize a few months old needles However L pinastri as less vilrulert species usualy colanilze first needles which are fiziologicaly weakened and never cause dieing ofseedliJl8S
On secondary needles both Lophodermium species ooutd appear L seditiosum on one year and two yea~rs old needles while L pinastri
28 Wtita bija Vol 31-(l) 1raquo 151 5-28 (1980) Bcograd
only on two years and older needles There were some d ifferences in morphology of these species on primary and secondary needles Howeshyver their isolates are the same -typical of each Lophodermium species
Life cycle of these species is quite different Dissemination of asoospores of L seditiosum and aritical infection pe11iod last poundrom m~ddte august to october while middotdissemination of ascospores of L pinashystri la-st from may to july
Za~tita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 29-34 (1980) Beograd
Pribislav Marlnkovic SUillallski fakultet Beograd
Jelica Popovic lnitilut za sumarstvo i drvnu indwtriju Beograd
PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM VAR ORmOCERAS F PINI METABOLITES ON
EMBRYOS OF PINUS NIGRA ARN
The freed embryos of Austrian pine were exposed to t he action of toxic products of mebaboliltsm of fhe fungus by being immersed -in -the filtrates of cultures The phygttotoxic efifeots were established on bullthe bases of embryos growth Vleight increment pigmentation intensity ellp3111$on of root zone and opening of cotyledons The degree of phytotoXJic action was proportiJonal to bullthe production of rtoxiru and these effects are manifested through the lleduced growth of embryo inoapabilioty to form root cap and cotyledons
Fusarium species can cause considerable damage to the production of forestry nursery stock since their action prevents germination of seed and development of young plants Fusarium oxysporum var orthoceras f pini ~s a distincly middotpathogenic species which causes seed-decay and damping off Austrian pine saplings (Pen o 1968)
In the course of metabolic processes in fungi toxic metabolites are synthetised which affect biochemical processes essential to the life of plant and thereby create conditions for the bulloccurence anmiddotd developmiddot ment of -deseases According to the available data the Fusarium 5pecies also synthe~ise toxic metabolites A large number of these metabolites has been identified so far but their action has been iIlvestigated mainly on ltrQPs The effects of toxic metabolites on plants related to forestry trees has been inadequately studied Hence the reasons for conducting an investigaton into phytotoxic effeCts of Fusarium oxysporum var orthoshyceras f pini fungus on embryos of Pinus nigra
Zahita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 35--49 (1980) Beograd
Ubaldul Islam Adam Marie Facully of Altricuhure Novi Sad
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDIES ON BIOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RESISTANCE OF SUNFLOWER TO ALTERNARIA HELIANTHI
(HANSF) TAUB NISH
In this paper are presenled the results of the studies of the role of a toxmiddotin like metgtabolite of the fungus in pathogenesis of the disease overwintering of the parasitethe influence of different metheorological factors on the development of the disease and different problems of sunshyflower resistance to A helianthi
Production of a toxin by the fungus
In our middotprevious work (I s I a m and M a r i c 1978) we poifnted out that A helianthi along with other symptoms causes premature wilting of infected SIUIlflower plants which ilndicates the possible proshyduction of toxin like metaboliites by the fungus
In order to study this questron A helianthi has beem grown in Richards Czapek Dox and Malt llqu~d media lnocudated media were kept iln an mcubator art 24C for an period of 45 days Only mah Liquid media was used in further experdments because it was the mOISt suishytable for sungus growth The cuture was ~iltered and f1iJtrate obtained was used to assay the toxin produc1lion by assessement of the inhibi tion of seed germination (L u d w i g 1955) and root ekmgamiddottlilon (L u k e and Wheeler 1955)
Sunflower seed was soaked for 24 hours in the cultJUre filtralte and then placed on fiiher paper in Petri dishes Three ml of the filltrafe with various concentrations was added to the fiJter paper Five repHshycatt~Jns were maintaned for each treatment with 10 seeds in each dish Seeds soaked in lllilinoculated media and sterile warter served as canshyrol
Influence of cuLtJural fJltrate on lOOt e1ongation was studied on S~edHngs after germination in sand Ten seeds wampth about 1 em root lt~ngth were placed on filter paper moistened with 3 ml of cultJUral filtrate of various concentratr~ons in Petrv dishes Filter paper moistened
57 ZMtita bilja Vol l1(1) bt- 151 St-57 (1980) Beogcad
LITBRATURA
Bogavac M (1954) Broj guseniauh stadijuma dudovca Zdtita bilja br 25 Beograd
Bohm- Pschorn (1952) Biologie und Bekampfung von H cunea Pflanzenshyschutz-Berichte IX H 710
E h r e hard t i dr (1953) Prilog poznavanju biologije i suzbijanja dudovca Zashysecttita blija br 1617- Beograd
Grim a 1 j ski j V M (1956) Amerikanskaja belaja babOCka (H cuned) tak vreshyditelj lesa Zoologi~eskij furnal Tom XXXV
Mace 1j ski M (1953) Dudovac na podrucju Hrvatske 1952 g Zatita biljabr 16 17 Beograd
Non ve i 11 e r G (1951) Dudovac~nova ~tetOCina u Jugoslaviji Zatita bilja br 3 Beograd
Novakov i c V (1953) Pojava dudovca u Bosni 1952 god Zatita bUja br 1617 Beograd
Petrik C (1953) Bioekolosectka istmivanja dudovca u uslovima Vojvodine Zamiddot secttita bilja br 1717 Beograd
Petrik C (1958) Dosadasectnji rad na ispitivanju i suzbijanju dudovca u APV Zasecttita bilja br 4950 - Beograd
Surany i P (1948) Ein neuer Schiidling in Europa Hyphantria cunea Drury Pflanzenschutzberichte II 3-4 Wien
Tadic M (1961 Novi podaoi o dudovcu ~robemija br 4- Beograd Tad i c M (1967) Sirenje dudovca u svetu ina Balkanu i adaptaeija autohtonih
parazita na ovu secttetocinu ZUtita bilja br 96 n Beograd Zabarie A (1951) Pojava dudovca u NR Hrvatskoj Zasecttita bilja br 8 Beograd
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE EVOLUTION OF FALL WEBWORM (HYPHANTRIA CUNEA DRURY) IN THE SURROUNDINGS OF SKOPJE
A Seraflmovald Fote$try Facuhy - Skopje
After almost 20 years of stanltbtil H cunea Drury starts a new incursion into the southern parts of our country At the end of summer 1975 it was observed for the first time in the surroundings of Skopje and as early as tin 1977 1978 were dilscovered its new focuses m other parts of Macedonia (swroundin3s of Kumanovo Strunxka Prilep)
In the surroundings of Skopje it manages to develop 2-3 geneshyrations a year and to pass into the winter diapause in the pupal stage Caterpillars moulted 5 times ie they develop in 6 stages The total development of caterpillars lasted from 34 to 38 days The female moths lilved 49--68 and the male ones 42-59 days oo an average The fertility of females varied about 350 eggs which were deposited chiefly in 1-2 eggs clusters The caterpillars fed on several fruit forest horticultural and truck farming plant species The II and III generations were marmiddot kedly voracious
Further investigations of Fall Webworm in this Republic are in progress
67 Za~tita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 59---67 (1980) Beograd
Batini ca J et at (1973) StetoCine i uzroonici bolesti ulimlle repice Radovi XLVI Odjeljenje prilrodnih i matemat-i~kth nauka knitiga 13 Akademija nauka i umjetnos1i BiH Sarajevo
Bat inic a J et at (1974) ~ilog proucavarnju faune i uzroeo1ka bolesti suncokreshyta u njegovim uzgojnim Podrucjima SR Bosne i Hercegovine Radovi Poljoshyprivrednog fakulteta XXII-XXIII br 24--25 Sarajevo
Hering E M (1957) Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen von Europa Band II 1 III S Gravenohage
J ovanovJ c M (1968) Prgtilog proucavanju paratzitne mikroflore ~ entomofaune na visectegodMnjdm vlatastim travama i leguminomma u dkolini Kru~evca Zborshynik naucnFh TaJdova Sveska II i III Zavod za krmno middotbilie Krusectevac
K o v a ce v J c t (1952) Primjenjena entomologLja II knjiga PoljopriVredni ~teshytnicl Skolska knjjga Zagreb
Spencer K A (1973) Aampromyzidae (Dijgttera) of economic middotimportance The Hague
S e r vade bullti A Zan g her i S (1962) Lezioni di Entomologia agramiddotria Terza edmiddotlzione Padova
Tana s i ievbullic N I lie B (1969) Posebna entomologiia Beograd Vacl a v V et al (1970) Prilog poznavaalju bolesti i stetooina sofe u proizvodnim
podru~jirna BoSIle ZaWta bilia middotbr 109 Beograd Vas H j e v V et al (1974) Vredirtelji seljskohazja_jstvenih kuljtur 1 lesnih nasaZdeshy
nij Tom II Vrednije clenistonogije (prodoiZenije) pozvonoenije Kijev
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF LEAF MINERS ON CLOVER AND ALFALFA
M Jovanovl~ Agricultural station Kru$evac N Dlmlt Agricultural faculty Sarajevo
Summa ry
In the course of long term studies (1962-1978) performed on the territory of the S R Bosnia and Hercegovina and the SR Serbia high number of species of leaf miners on clover and alfalfa has been recorded Among the species which were found the most numerous were those poundrom the family Agromyzydae (Diptera) Agromyza nana Mg A frontella Rond Liriomyza trifolii Burg L strigata Mg and Phytomyza horticola Gour but the only one species belongs to the family of LepidopterashyLithocolletis insignitella Z
The leaf miners on the clover and alfalfa were widespread and reshycorded on 46 localities (th e some number in both Republics) Some speshycies were found in high numbers and caused harmful effects Among these species Agromyza nana and A frontella on the clover and alfalfa were economically very significant In the locality of Kru~evac the best control of these pests could be achieved by the treatment with Sistemine and Ekatine in 01 - 02 concentrations
15 Za~tita biJja Vol 31(1) middotbr 151 69-76 (198()) Beog-rad
U n~ programu daljeg rada na ispiJtLvanjima oboljenja P ulmi nalaze se zadaci koJi treba da detaljnije obrade svaJro od pomenutih oholjenja
(Primlj~no 11 02 1980)
LITERATURA
Beavers B J Reed K D (1972) Susceptibility of seven Tetranychids to the nonocluded virus of the oitrus red mite and the correlation of the carmine spider mites as a vector J lnv Pathol 20 279-2amp3
Bird F T (1967) A Yirus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Can J Microb 13 1131
Fisher F E (1951) Florida Entomol 34 83-88 Krieg A (1968) Effectivenes of BaciUus thuringiensis exotoXIin on Tetranychus
telarius (Acarina Tetranychidae) J Inv Pathol 12 478 Leatherdale D (1965) Fungi meeting rust and gall mites (Acarina Eriomiddot
phydae) J Inv Pathol 7 325-328 Lipa J J (1971) Microbial control of mites and ticks U knjlzi raquoMicrobial conshy
trol of insects and mitesc pp 357-373 ed Burges-Hu~sey Acad Press Putman L W H erne C H D (1966) The role of predatons and others
biotic agent-s in regulating the population density of Phytophagous mites in Ontario peach erchards Can Bnt 98 808--820
Putman L W (1970) Occurence and transmission of a virus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi Can Ent 102 305-321
Rted K D (1978 The citrus red mite virus A look at 20 years of research Materijali Intern CoHoq on Invert Pathol Prag 11-17 septemhra 1978
St e j n h a us A E (1959) Possible virus disease in European red milte J Inmiddot sect Pathol J 435-437
Toma~ e vi~ B M i j u ~ k o vic M (1974) Uloga predatora i bolesti u regushylaciji prenamnoienih populacija Panonychus citri McGregor (Acarina Temiddot tranychidae) na egrumima jugoslovenskog primorja Arhiv polj nauka 99 75--88
Xeros N (1956) The virogenic stroma in nuclear and cytoplasmic polybedroshyses Nature London 178 412-13
DISEASES OF RED MITE (PANONYCHUS ULMI KOCH) PROVOKED BY MICROORGANISMS IN REGION OF VOJVODINA (YUGOSLAVIA)
C Sidor Institute Pasteur Novi Sad V Grblc Faculty of Aariculture Institute for Plant Protection Novi Sad
Summary
Results obtained by examinations of red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) show that this mite pest suffers and dies of several dliseases caused by microorganisms It has been started that red mite in Vojvoshydina (nord paiIt of Yugoslavia) are affected by rod shaped nonincluslion virus Besides that in deamiddotd mites were also found polyhedral inclusions
76 Zasecttita lraquolja Vol 31(1) br 151 69-76 (1980) Beograd
with spherical bodies (posslible vints) 60 ll1n in diameter as well as microsporiclia (Nosema bullSp) and fungi Entomophthora sp
Dense orchard populations of P ulmi ill Vojvodi11a were most often affected w1th noninc1usion vJrus at the second place by rnyooses and at the thiord by polyhedral mclusi0111S Microsporidtia were found only iln 1-2 of P ulmi
82 Zasecttita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 77-82 (1980) Beograd
V o j in o vic Vera P e r 1i c Z i v k a (1977) Utvrdivanje stepena adsorpcijeneltih jedinjenja iz grope hlorovanih ugljovodonika u zemljistu tipa smonica i ritska ornica i njihova apsorpcija u biJjke Agrohemija 1-2 1-8
Vojinovic Vera Peric 1 Neskovic N Milovanovic Mbull Pamiddot v ili c Si B r k o M (1977) Ostaci msekticida JU 7emljiStu i biljnim deloshyvima pos e njihove middotprimene za swbijanje zemljjnih ~tetoeina u usevu ~ cerne repe Zbomik radova saop~tenih na VIII Savetovanju o primeni pesmiddottioida u zasecttiti bilja higijeni i u veterini Poree 321-327
V roc in ski j K K 1973) Raspredeljenlije i dinamMca ostatkov DDT i -GHCG v pOCve Materijaly I vsesojuznogo sovdtanija 0 povedenije prevra~renije i analiz pesticidov i in metabolitov v pOCIe PUscino na Oke 5943
Yang HSC Wiers rna GB MHchell W G (1976) Organochlocnie pesticide residues in sugalbeet pulps end molasses from 16 states 1971 Pest Monit J 10 41-43
Zogijani A_ Gvozdenov_i_c R Elezovic I Vopnovic Ve~a Sestov1c M Vulev~c D Penava D De-maJ A (1977) Pnlog proubvanju stepena i objma zagaampmosti zemlji~ta postojanim pesticidima u SAP Kosovo amplop~teno na Simpozijumu o stanju zastiti i unaprecenjuzivotne i radne sredine u SAP Kosovo Pri~tina (u Stampi)
CONTENT OF LINDANE RESIDUES IN SOIL PLANT PARTS OF STUBBLE-FIELD CROPS AFTER ITS APPLICATION IN WHEAT
AS THE MAIN CROPS
V Vojlnovic 1 Perle N Ndkovlt INEP Department of Pesticides Zemun
M Druc The Agrioultural Combine Beogradlaquo - Department bull7 julie Surcin
Summary
ln order to examine the possibility of growing middotthe on crops stubshyble-field after the application of lindane in the main crop the residues of this insecticide were determined in soil and plant parts of f-orage beet red beet rape carrot tobacco and potato on Jindane treated areas at the time of wheat sowing Parallel exammations of samples from the areas watered with artificial rain and from non-watered areas were carmiddot ried out
In all samples of soil (taken from the depth of 0-45 em) were found lindane residues in the amounth not exceeding 50 ppb The COIIlmiddot
tent of lindane found iln all analysed plant partJS were far below the allowed amounts acoording to Yugoslav regulations
94 Zastita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 83-94 (1980) Beograd
RESISTANCE AS A FACTOR IN THE CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
HARMFUL ORGANISMS
M Sesto~ I Perle R Kljaj~ Faculty of Agrioulturo-Department for Pesticides Zemun
INEP - Department for pesticides Zernun
S middotummery
Knowing resistance to be a general biological phenomenon 41d A way of adapta~ian of living organisms to changed environmental conditions in respect to genesjs there are outstanding diferences between this occurrence and the so-called natural tolerance
Special attention is being paid to the resistance problem of insects mites and plant pathogenic fungi and tbe possibility of other harmful organslll5 deveshyloping resistance is being considered as well
It is being stressed that high res~stance is due to some genetic factors and that it may be monogenous po1igenous dominant and uessive Special attention is being paid to the occurrence of cross and muLti resistance to the factors which cause them and to their practical implications
Pointing out that the mecllanism of resistance has a dit-ect dependence on the acquaintance with the mechanism of pesticide action the processes of permeability middotreductioo detoxication increase affinity reduction of middotthe site of action to pesticide molecules and so on are being closely observed
There is a special stlCS6 being put on the future development of teSistanoe its implications (economic and other) and a concept with the aim of overcoming these occun-enoes is beini proposed while from the aspect of the entire problemconcerning resistance the possibilities of further promoting pesticide application are belng considered
Zastita bilja Vol 3Ul) hr lSI S--28 middot(1980) ampltgtgrad i7
sa prakticnog stanovista m~tite ~nacajan je samo period mashysovnog rasiavanja aSikospora lkada se ostvaruju i masovne middotipfekcije dok infekcije Uzvan tog perioda imaju sporadican middotkarakter Koncentrishysanom aplikacijom fungkida u tam pe1iodu moguce je obezbjediti goshytovo poflpWlu za~tiJtu iglica od infekcija paoogena middot
(Primljeno 16 01 1980)
LITBRATURA
Gruj o ska M 19 M a rin k o vic P (1967) Lophodermium pinastri (Schard) Chev u rasadnicima
i kultumma bora Swnarstvo 5--Q Beograd M i 11 a r C S Watson A R (1971) Two biotypes of Lophodermium pinastri
in Scotland Eur J For Path 1 87-93 M i 11 a r C S R i chardos G (1975) The inci~e of Lophodermium types in
attached pine needles Mitt Bundesforschungsanst Forst-HoJzwjrtsch Reinmiddot bek 108 57--QS
Minter D (1978) Morphology ecology and biology of Lophodermium forms on Pinus sylvestris in Scotland (izvod iz doktorskc disertacije) Aberdeen
Staas-Ebregt E M Gremmen J (1975) Results of research on the occumence of biotypes in the fungus Lophodermium (ampbrad ex Hook)Chev in the Netherbnds Mitt Bundesforschungsanst Forst-Holzwirtschaft Reinbek 108 87--89
Staley J M (1975) The taxonomy of Lophodermia on pinos with special reshyference to problems in North American Christmas tree plantations Mitt Bundesforschungsanst Forst-Holzwirtsch Reinbek 108 79-85
Us ~ up 1ic M (1976) Epidemiological aspects oi Loplrodermium pinastri in Boshysnia and possible control IUFRO Congres Oslo
BlOECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF LOPHODERMIUM SPP ON TWO-NEEDLE PINES IN BOSNIA
V Lazarev Forestry ~aculty Sarajevo
Summary
Bioeoological feat-ures of Lophodermium spp i-n Bosnia were stushydied an primary and seooodary needles of Pinus sylvestris and P nigra var austriaca We found differences io1 morfology anatomy ecology life cycle and pathogenidty among these fungi On prJmary needle of cme year old seedlings the moot important iJS L seditiosum which colonize a few months old needles However L pinastri as less vilrulert species usualy colanilze first needles which are fiziologicaly weakened and never cause dieing ofseedliJl8S
On secondary needles both Lophodermium species ooutd appear L seditiosum on one year and two yea~rs old needles while L pinastri
28 Wtita bija Vol 31-(l) 1raquo 151 5-28 (1980) Bcograd
only on two years and older needles There were some d ifferences in morphology of these species on primary and secondary needles Howeshyver their isolates are the same -typical of each Lophodermium species
Life cycle of these species is quite different Dissemination of asoospores of L seditiosum and aritical infection pe11iod last poundrom m~ddte august to october while middotdissemination of ascospores of L pinashystri la-st from may to july
Za~tita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 29-34 (1980) Beograd
Pribislav Marlnkovic SUillallski fakultet Beograd
Jelica Popovic lnitilut za sumarstvo i drvnu indwtriju Beograd
PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM VAR ORmOCERAS F PINI METABOLITES ON
EMBRYOS OF PINUS NIGRA ARN
The freed embryos of Austrian pine were exposed to t he action of toxic products of mebaboliltsm of fhe fungus by being immersed -in -the filtrates of cultures The phygttotoxic efifeots were established on bullthe bases of embryos growth Vleight increment pigmentation intensity ellp3111$on of root zone and opening of cotyledons The degree of phytotoXJic action was proportiJonal to bullthe production of rtoxiru and these effects are manifested through the lleduced growth of embryo inoapabilioty to form root cap and cotyledons
Fusarium species can cause considerable damage to the production of forestry nursery stock since their action prevents germination of seed and development of young plants Fusarium oxysporum var orthoceras f pini ~s a distincly middotpathogenic species which causes seed-decay and damping off Austrian pine saplings (Pen o 1968)
In the course of metabolic processes in fungi toxic metabolites are synthetised which affect biochemical processes essential to the life of plant and thereby create conditions for the bulloccurence anmiddotd developmiddot ment of -deseases According to the available data the Fusarium 5pecies also synthe~ise toxic metabolites A large number of these metabolites has been identified so far but their action has been iIlvestigated mainly on ltrQPs The effects of toxic metabolites on plants related to forestry trees has been inadequately studied Hence the reasons for conducting an investigaton into phytotoxic effeCts of Fusarium oxysporum var orthoshyceras f pini fungus on embryos of Pinus nigra
Zahita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 35--49 (1980) Beograd
Ubaldul Islam Adam Marie Facully of Altricuhure Novi Sad
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDIES ON BIOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RESISTANCE OF SUNFLOWER TO ALTERNARIA HELIANTHI
(HANSF) TAUB NISH
In this paper are presenled the results of the studies of the role of a toxmiddotin like metgtabolite of the fungus in pathogenesis of the disease overwintering of the parasitethe influence of different metheorological factors on the development of the disease and different problems of sunshyflower resistance to A helianthi
Production of a toxin by the fungus
In our middotprevious work (I s I a m and M a r i c 1978) we poifnted out that A helianthi along with other symptoms causes premature wilting of infected SIUIlflower plants which ilndicates the possible proshyduction of toxin like metaboliites by the fungus
In order to study this questron A helianthi has beem grown in Richards Czapek Dox and Malt llqu~d media lnocudated media were kept iln an mcubator art 24C for an period of 45 days Only mah Liquid media was used in further experdments because it was the mOISt suishytable for sungus growth The cuture was ~iltered and f1iJtrate obtained was used to assay the toxin produc1lion by assessement of the inhibi tion of seed germination (L u d w i g 1955) and root ekmgamiddottlilon (L u k e and Wheeler 1955)
Sunflower seed was soaked for 24 hours in the cultJUre filtralte and then placed on fiiher paper in Petri dishes Three ml of the filltrafe with various concentrations was added to the fiJter paper Five repHshycatt~Jns were maintaned for each treatment with 10 seeds in each dish Seeds soaked in lllilinoculated media and sterile warter served as canshyrol
Influence of cuLtJural fJltrate on lOOt e1ongation was studied on S~edHngs after germination in sand Ten seeds wampth about 1 em root lt~ngth were placed on filter paper moistened with 3 ml of cultJUral filtrate of various concentratr~ons in Petrv dishes Filter paper moistened
57 ZMtita bilja Vol l1(1) bt- 151 St-57 (1980) Beogcad
LITBRATURA
Bogavac M (1954) Broj guseniauh stadijuma dudovca Zdtita bilja br 25 Beograd
Bohm- Pschorn (1952) Biologie und Bekampfung von H cunea Pflanzenshyschutz-Berichte IX H 710
E h r e hard t i dr (1953) Prilog poznavanju biologije i suzbijanja dudovca Zashysecttita blija br 1617- Beograd
Grim a 1 j ski j V M (1956) Amerikanskaja belaja babOCka (H cuned) tak vreshyditelj lesa Zoologi~eskij furnal Tom XXXV
Mace 1j ski M (1953) Dudovac na podrucju Hrvatske 1952 g Zatita biljabr 16 17 Beograd
Non ve i 11 e r G (1951) Dudovac~nova ~tetOCina u Jugoslaviji Zatita bilja br 3 Beograd
Novakov i c V (1953) Pojava dudovca u Bosni 1952 god Zatita bUja br 1617 Beograd
Petrik C (1953) Bioekolosectka istmivanja dudovca u uslovima Vojvodine Zamiddot secttita bilja br 1717 Beograd
Petrik C (1958) Dosadasectnji rad na ispitivanju i suzbijanju dudovca u APV Zasecttita bilja br 4950 - Beograd
Surany i P (1948) Ein neuer Schiidling in Europa Hyphantria cunea Drury Pflanzenschutzberichte II 3-4 Wien
Tadic M (1961 Novi podaoi o dudovcu ~robemija br 4- Beograd Tad i c M (1967) Sirenje dudovca u svetu ina Balkanu i adaptaeija autohtonih
parazita na ovu secttetocinu ZUtita bilja br 96 n Beograd Zabarie A (1951) Pojava dudovca u NR Hrvatskoj Zasecttita bilja br 8 Beograd
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE EVOLUTION OF FALL WEBWORM (HYPHANTRIA CUNEA DRURY) IN THE SURROUNDINGS OF SKOPJE
A Seraflmovald Fote$try Facuhy - Skopje
After almost 20 years of stanltbtil H cunea Drury starts a new incursion into the southern parts of our country At the end of summer 1975 it was observed for the first time in the surroundings of Skopje and as early as tin 1977 1978 were dilscovered its new focuses m other parts of Macedonia (swroundin3s of Kumanovo Strunxka Prilep)
In the surroundings of Skopje it manages to develop 2-3 geneshyrations a year and to pass into the winter diapause in the pupal stage Caterpillars moulted 5 times ie they develop in 6 stages The total development of caterpillars lasted from 34 to 38 days The female moths lilved 49--68 and the male ones 42-59 days oo an average The fertility of females varied about 350 eggs which were deposited chiefly in 1-2 eggs clusters The caterpillars fed on several fruit forest horticultural and truck farming plant species The II and III generations were marmiddot kedly voracious
Further investigations of Fall Webworm in this Republic are in progress
67 Za~tita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 59---67 (1980) Beograd
Batini ca J et at (1973) StetoCine i uzroonici bolesti ulimlle repice Radovi XLVI Odjeljenje prilrodnih i matemat-i~kth nauka knitiga 13 Akademija nauka i umjetnos1i BiH Sarajevo
Bat inic a J et at (1974) ~ilog proucavarnju faune i uzroeo1ka bolesti suncokreshyta u njegovim uzgojnim Podrucjima SR Bosne i Hercegovine Radovi Poljoshyprivrednog fakulteta XXII-XXIII br 24--25 Sarajevo
Hering E M (1957) Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen von Europa Band II 1 III S Gravenohage
J ovanovJ c M (1968) Prgtilog proucavanju paratzitne mikroflore ~ entomofaune na visectegodMnjdm vlatastim travama i leguminomma u dkolini Kru~evca Zborshynik naucnFh TaJdova Sveska II i III Zavod za krmno middotbilie Krusectevac
K o v a ce v J c t (1952) Primjenjena entomologLja II knjiga PoljopriVredni ~teshytnicl Skolska knjjga Zagreb
Spencer K A (1973) Aampromyzidae (Dijgttera) of economic middotimportance The Hague
S e r vade bullti A Zan g her i S (1962) Lezioni di Entomologia agramiddotria Terza edmiddotlzione Padova
Tana s i ievbullic N I lie B (1969) Posebna entomologiia Beograd Vacl a v V et al (1970) Prilog poznavaalju bolesti i stetooina sofe u proizvodnim
podru~jirna BoSIle ZaWta bilia middotbr 109 Beograd Vas H j e v V et al (1974) Vredirtelji seljskohazja_jstvenih kuljtur 1 lesnih nasaZdeshy
nij Tom II Vrednije clenistonogije (prodoiZenije) pozvonoenije Kijev
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF LEAF MINERS ON CLOVER AND ALFALFA
M Jovanovl~ Agricultural station Kru$evac N Dlmlt Agricultural faculty Sarajevo
Summa ry
In the course of long term studies (1962-1978) performed on the territory of the S R Bosnia and Hercegovina and the SR Serbia high number of species of leaf miners on clover and alfalfa has been recorded Among the species which were found the most numerous were those poundrom the family Agromyzydae (Diptera) Agromyza nana Mg A frontella Rond Liriomyza trifolii Burg L strigata Mg and Phytomyza horticola Gour but the only one species belongs to the family of LepidopterashyLithocolletis insignitella Z
The leaf miners on the clover and alfalfa were widespread and reshycorded on 46 localities (th e some number in both Republics) Some speshycies were found in high numbers and caused harmful effects Among these species Agromyza nana and A frontella on the clover and alfalfa were economically very significant In the locality of Kru~evac the best control of these pests could be achieved by the treatment with Sistemine and Ekatine in 01 - 02 concentrations
15 Za~tita biJja Vol 31(1) middotbr 151 69-76 (198()) Beog-rad
U n~ programu daljeg rada na ispiJtLvanjima oboljenja P ulmi nalaze se zadaci koJi treba da detaljnije obrade svaJro od pomenutih oholjenja
(Primlj~no 11 02 1980)
LITERATURA
Beavers B J Reed K D (1972) Susceptibility of seven Tetranychids to the nonocluded virus of the oitrus red mite and the correlation of the carmine spider mites as a vector J lnv Pathol 20 279-2amp3
Bird F T (1967) A Yirus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Can J Microb 13 1131
Fisher F E (1951) Florida Entomol 34 83-88 Krieg A (1968) Effectivenes of BaciUus thuringiensis exotoXIin on Tetranychus
telarius (Acarina Tetranychidae) J Inv Pathol 12 478 Leatherdale D (1965) Fungi meeting rust and gall mites (Acarina Eriomiddot
phydae) J Inv Pathol 7 325-328 Lipa J J (1971) Microbial control of mites and ticks U knjlzi raquoMicrobial conshy
trol of insects and mitesc pp 357-373 ed Burges-Hu~sey Acad Press Putman L W H erne C H D (1966) The role of predatons and others
biotic agent-s in regulating the population density of Phytophagous mites in Ontario peach erchards Can Bnt 98 808--820
Putman L W (1970) Occurence and transmission of a virus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi Can Ent 102 305-321
Rted K D (1978 The citrus red mite virus A look at 20 years of research Materijali Intern CoHoq on Invert Pathol Prag 11-17 septemhra 1978
St e j n h a us A E (1959) Possible virus disease in European red milte J Inmiddot sect Pathol J 435-437
Toma~ e vi~ B M i j u ~ k o vic M (1974) Uloga predatora i bolesti u regushylaciji prenamnoienih populacija Panonychus citri McGregor (Acarina Temiddot tranychidae) na egrumima jugoslovenskog primorja Arhiv polj nauka 99 75--88
Xeros N (1956) The virogenic stroma in nuclear and cytoplasmic polybedroshyses Nature London 178 412-13
DISEASES OF RED MITE (PANONYCHUS ULMI KOCH) PROVOKED BY MICROORGANISMS IN REGION OF VOJVODINA (YUGOSLAVIA)
C Sidor Institute Pasteur Novi Sad V Grblc Faculty of Aariculture Institute for Plant Protection Novi Sad
Summary
Results obtained by examinations of red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) show that this mite pest suffers and dies of several dliseases caused by microorganisms It has been started that red mite in Vojvoshydina (nord paiIt of Yugoslavia) are affected by rod shaped nonincluslion virus Besides that in deamiddotd mites were also found polyhedral inclusions
76 Zasecttita lraquolja Vol 31(1) br 151 69-76 (1980) Beograd
with spherical bodies (posslible vints) 60 ll1n in diameter as well as microsporiclia (Nosema bullSp) and fungi Entomophthora sp
Dense orchard populations of P ulmi ill Vojvodi11a were most often affected w1th noninc1usion vJrus at the second place by rnyooses and at the thiord by polyhedral mclusi0111S Microsporidtia were found only iln 1-2 of P ulmi
82 Zasecttita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 77-82 (1980) Beograd
V o j in o vic Vera P e r 1i c Z i v k a (1977) Utvrdivanje stepena adsorpcijeneltih jedinjenja iz grope hlorovanih ugljovodonika u zemljistu tipa smonica i ritska ornica i njihova apsorpcija u biJjke Agrohemija 1-2 1-8
Vojinovic Vera Peric 1 Neskovic N Milovanovic Mbull Pamiddot v ili c Si B r k o M (1977) Ostaci msekticida JU 7emljiStu i biljnim deloshyvima pos e njihove middotprimene za swbijanje zemljjnih ~tetoeina u usevu ~ cerne repe Zbomik radova saop~tenih na VIII Savetovanju o primeni pesmiddottioida u zasecttiti bilja higijeni i u veterini Poree 321-327
V roc in ski j K K 1973) Raspredeljenlije i dinamMca ostatkov DDT i -GHCG v pOCve Materijaly I vsesojuznogo sovdtanija 0 povedenije prevra~renije i analiz pesticidov i in metabolitov v pOCIe PUscino na Oke 5943
Yang HSC Wiers rna GB MHchell W G (1976) Organochlocnie pesticide residues in sugalbeet pulps end molasses from 16 states 1971 Pest Monit J 10 41-43
Zogijani A_ Gvozdenov_i_c R Elezovic I Vopnovic Ve~a Sestov1c M Vulev~c D Penava D De-maJ A (1977) Pnlog proubvanju stepena i objma zagaampmosti zemlji~ta postojanim pesticidima u SAP Kosovo amplop~teno na Simpozijumu o stanju zastiti i unaprecenjuzivotne i radne sredine u SAP Kosovo Pri~tina (u Stampi)
CONTENT OF LINDANE RESIDUES IN SOIL PLANT PARTS OF STUBBLE-FIELD CROPS AFTER ITS APPLICATION IN WHEAT
AS THE MAIN CROPS
V Vojlnovic 1 Perle N Ndkovlt INEP Department of Pesticides Zemun
M Druc The Agrioultural Combine Beogradlaquo - Department bull7 julie Surcin
Summary
ln order to examine the possibility of growing middotthe on crops stubshyble-field after the application of lindane in the main crop the residues of this insecticide were determined in soil and plant parts of f-orage beet red beet rape carrot tobacco and potato on Jindane treated areas at the time of wheat sowing Parallel exammations of samples from the areas watered with artificial rain and from non-watered areas were carmiddot ried out
In all samples of soil (taken from the depth of 0-45 em) were found lindane residues in the amounth not exceeding 50 ppb The COIIlmiddot
tent of lindane found iln all analysed plant partJS were far below the allowed amounts acoording to Yugoslav regulations
94 Zastita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 83-94 (1980) Beograd
RESISTANCE AS A FACTOR IN THE CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
HARMFUL ORGANISMS
M Sesto~ I Perle R Kljaj~ Faculty of Agrioulturo-Department for Pesticides Zemun
INEP - Department for pesticides Zernun
S middotummery
Knowing resistance to be a general biological phenomenon 41d A way of adapta~ian of living organisms to changed environmental conditions in respect to genesjs there are outstanding diferences between this occurrence and the so-called natural tolerance
Special attention is being paid to the resistance problem of insects mites and plant pathogenic fungi and tbe possibility of other harmful organslll5 deveshyloping resistance is being considered as well
It is being stressed that high res~stance is due to some genetic factors and that it may be monogenous po1igenous dominant and uessive Special attention is being paid to the occurrence of cross and muLti resistance to the factors which cause them and to their practical implications
Pointing out that the mecllanism of resistance has a dit-ect dependence on the acquaintance with the mechanism of pesticide action the processes of permeability middotreductioo detoxication increase affinity reduction of middotthe site of action to pesticide molecules and so on are being closely observed
There is a special stlCS6 being put on the future development of teSistanoe its implications (economic and other) and a concept with the aim of overcoming these occun-enoes is beini proposed while from the aspect of the entire problemconcerning resistance the possibilities of further promoting pesticide application are belng considered
28 Wtita bija Vol 31-(l) 1raquo 151 5-28 (1980) Bcograd
only on two years and older needles There were some d ifferences in morphology of these species on primary and secondary needles Howeshyver their isolates are the same -typical of each Lophodermium species
Life cycle of these species is quite different Dissemination of asoospores of L seditiosum and aritical infection pe11iod last poundrom m~ddte august to october while middotdissemination of ascospores of L pinashystri la-st from may to july
Za~tita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 29-34 (1980) Beograd
Pribislav Marlnkovic SUillallski fakultet Beograd
Jelica Popovic lnitilut za sumarstvo i drvnu indwtriju Beograd
PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM VAR ORmOCERAS F PINI METABOLITES ON
EMBRYOS OF PINUS NIGRA ARN
The freed embryos of Austrian pine were exposed to t he action of toxic products of mebaboliltsm of fhe fungus by being immersed -in -the filtrates of cultures The phygttotoxic efifeots were established on bullthe bases of embryos growth Vleight increment pigmentation intensity ellp3111$on of root zone and opening of cotyledons The degree of phytotoXJic action was proportiJonal to bullthe production of rtoxiru and these effects are manifested through the lleduced growth of embryo inoapabilioty to form root cap and cotyledons
Fusarium species can cause considerable damage to the production of forestry nursery stock since their action prevents germination of seed and development of young plants Fusarium oxysporum var orthoceras f pini ~s a distincly middotpathogenic species which causes seed-decay and damping off Austrian pine saplings (Pen o 1968)
In the course of metabolic processes in fungi toxic metabolites are synthetised which affect biochemical processes essential to the life of plant and thereby create conditions for the bulloccurence anmiddotd developmiddot ment of -deseases According to the available data the Fusarium 5pecies also synthe~ise toxic metabolites A large number of these metabolites has been identified so far but their action has been iIlvestigated mainly on ltrQPs The effects of toxic metabolites on plants related to forestry trees has been inadequately studied Hence the reasons for conducting an investigaton into phytotoxic effeCts of Fusarium oxysporum var orthoshyceras f pini fungus on embryos of Pinus nigra
Zahita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 35--49 (1980) Beograd
Ubaldul Islam Adam Marie Facully of Altricuhure Novi Sad
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDIES ON BIOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RESISTANCE OF SUNFLOWER TO ALTERNARIA HELIANTHI
(HANSF) TAUB NISH
In this paper are presenled the results of the studies of the role of a toxmiddotin like metgtabolite of the fungus in pathogenesis of the disease overwintering of the parasitethe influence of different metheorological factors on the development of the disease and different problems of sunshyflower resistance to A helianthi
Production of a toxin by the fungus
In our middotprevious work (I s I a m and M a r i c 1978) we poifnted out that A helianthi along with other symptoms causes premature wilting of infected SIUIlflower plants which ilndicates the possible proshyduction of toxin like metaboliites by the fungus
In order to study this questron A helianthi has beem grown in Richards Czapek Dox and Malt llqu~d media lnocudated media were kept iln an mcubator art 24C for an period of 45 days Only mah Liquid media was used in further experdments because it was the mOISt suishytable for sungus growth The cuture was ~iltered and f1iJtrate obtained was used to assay the toxin produc1lion by assessement of the inhibi tion of seed germination (L u d w i g 1955) and root ekmgamiddottlilon (L u k e and Wheeler 1955)
Sunflower seed was soaked for 24 hours in the cultJUre filtralte and then placed on fiiher paper in Petri dishes Three ml of the filltrafe with various concentrations was added to the fiJter paper Five repHshycatt~Jns were maintaned for each treatment with 10 seeds in each dish Seeds soaked in lllilinoculated media and sterile warter served as canshyrol
Influence of cuLtJural fJltrate on lOOt e1ongation was studied on S~edHngs after germination in sand Ten seeds wampth about 1 em root lt~ngth were placed on filter paper moistened with 3 ml of cultJUral filtrate of various concentratr~ons in Petrv dishes Filter paper moistened
57 ZMtita bilja Vol l1(1) bt- 151 St-57 (1980) Beogcad
LITBRATURA
Bogavac M (1954) Broj guseniauh stadijuma dudovca Zdtita bilja br 25 Beograd
Bohm- Pschorn (1952) Biologie und Bekampfung von H cunea Pflanzenshyschutz-Berichte IX H 710
E h r e hard t i dr (1953) Prilog poznavanju biologije i suzbijanja dudovca Zashysecttita blija br 1617- Beograd
Grim a 1 j ski j V M (1956) Amerikanskaja belaja babOCka (H cuned) tak vreshyditelj lesa Zoologi~eskij furnal Tom XXXV
Mace 1j ski M (1953) Dudovac na podrucju Hrvatske 1952 g Zatita biljabr 16 17 Beograd
Non ve i 11 e r G (1951) Dudovac~nova ~tetOCina u Jugoslaviji Zatita bilja br 3 Beograd
Novakov i c V (1953) Pojava dudovca u Bosni 1952 god Zatita bUja br 1617 Beograd
Petrik C (1953) Bioekolosectka istmivanja dudovca u uslovima Vojvodine Zamiddot secttita bilja br 1717 Beograd
Petrik C (1958) Dosadasectnji rad na ispitivanju i suzbijanju dudovca u APV Zasecttita bilja br 4950 - Beograd
Surany i P (1948) Ein neuer Schiidling in Europa Hyphantria cunea Drury Pflanzenschutzberichte II 3-4 Wien
Tadic M (1961 Novi podaoi o dudovcu ~robemija br 4- Beograd Tad i c M (1967) Sirenje dudovca u svetu ina Balkanu i adaptaeija autohtonih
parazita na ovu secttetocinu ZUtita bilja br 96 n Beograd Zabarie A (1951) Pojava dudovca u NR Hrvatskoj Zasecttita bilja br 8 Beograd
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE EVOLUTION OF FALL WEBWORM (HYPHANTRIA CUNEA DRURY) IN THE SURROUNDINGS OF SKOPJE
A Seraflmovald Fote$try Facuhy - Skopje
After almost 20 years of stanltbtil H cunea Drury starts a new incursion into the southern parts of our country At the end of summer 1975 it was observed for the first time in the surroundings of Skopje and as early as tin 1977 1978 were dilscovered its new focuses m other parts of Macedonia (swroundin3s of Kumanovo Strunxka Prilep)
In the surroundings of Skopje it manages to develop 2-3 geneshyrations a year and to pass into the winter diapause in the pupal stage Caterpillars moulted 5 times ie they develop in 6 stages The total development of caterpillars lasted from 34 to 38 days The female moths lilved 49--68 and the male ones 42-59 days oo an average The fertility of females varied about 350 eggs which were deposited chiefly in 1-2 eggs clusters The caterpillars fed on several fruit forest horticultural and truck farming plant species The II and III generations were marmiddot kedly voracious
Further investigations of Fall Webworm in this Republic are in progress
67 Za~tita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 59---67 (1980) Beograd
Batini ca J et at (1973) StetoCine i uzroonici bolesti ulimlle repice Radovi XLVI Odjeljenje prilrodnih i matemat-i~kth nauka knitiga 13 Akademija nauka i umjetnos1i BiH Sarajevo
Bat inic a J et at (1974) ~ilog proucavarnju faune i uzroeo1ka bolesti suncokreshyta u njegovim uzgojnim Podrucjima SR Bosne i Hercegovine Radovi Poljoshyprivrednog fakulteta XXII-XXIII br 24--25 Sarajevo
Hering E M (1957) Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen von Europa Band II 1 III S Gravenohage
J ovanovJ c M (1968) Prgtilog proucavanju paratzitne mikroflore ~ entomofaune na visectegodMnjdm vlatastim travama i leguminomma u dkolini Kru~evca Zborshynik naucnFh TaJdova Sveska II i III Zavod za krmno middotbilie Krusectevac
K o v a ce v J c t (1952) Primjenjena entomologLja II knjiga PoljopriVredni ~teshytnicl Skolska knjjga Zagreb
Spencer K A (1973) Aampromyzidae (Dijgttera) of economic middotimportance The Hague
S e r vade bullti A Zan g her i S (1962) Lezioni di Entomologia agramiddotria Terza edmiddotlzione Padova
Tana s i ievbullic N I lie B (1969) Posebna entomologiia Beograd Vacl a v V et al (1970) Prilog poznavaalju bolesti i stetooina sofe u proizvodnim
podru~jirna BoSIle ZaWta bilia middotbr 109 Beograd Vas H j e v V et al (1974) Vredirtelji seljskohazja_jstvenih kuljtur 1 lesnih nasaZdeshy
nij Tom II Vrednije clenistonogije (prodoiZenije) pozvonoenije Kijev
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF LEAF MINERS ON CLOVER AND ALFALFA
M Jovanovl~ Agricultural station Kru$evac N Dlmlt Agricultural faculty Sarajevo
Summa ry
In the course of long term studies (1962-1978) performed on the territory of the S R Bosnia and Hercegovina and the SR Serbia high number of species of leaf miners on clover and alfalfa has been recorded Among the species which were found the most numerous were those poundrom the family Agromyzydae (Diptera) Agromyza nana Mg A frontella Rond Liriomyza trifolii Burg L strigata Mg and Phytomyza horticola Gour but the only one species belongs to the family of LepidopterashyLithocolletis insignitella Z
The leaf miners on the clover and alfalfa were widespread and reshycorded on 46 localities (th e some number in both Republics) Some speshycies were found in high numbers and caused harmful effects Among these species Agromyza nana and A frontella on the clover and alfalfa were economically very significant In the locality of Kru~evac the best control of these pests could be achieved by the treatment with Sistemine and Ekatine in 01 - 02 concentrations
15 Za~tita biJja Vol 31(1) middotbr 151 69-76 (198()) Beog-rad
U n~ programu daljeg rada na ispiJtLvanjima oboljenja P ulmi nalaze se zadaci koJi treba da detaljnije obrade svaJro od pomenutih oholjenja
(Primlj~no 11 02 1980)
LITERATURA
Beavers B J Reed K D (1972) Susceptibility of seven Tetranychids to the nonocluded virus of the oitrus red mite and the correlation of the carmine spider mites as a vector J lnv Pathol 20 279-2amp3
Bird F T (1967) A Yirus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Can J Microb 13 1131
Fisher F E (1951) Florida Entomol 34 83-88 Krieg A (1968) Effectivenes of BaciUus thuringiensis exotoXIin on Tetranychus
telarius (Acarina Tetranychidae) J Inv Pathol 12 478 Leatherdale D (1965) Fungi meeting rust and gall mites (Acarina Eriomiddot
phydae) J Inv Pathol 7 325-328 Lipa J J (1971) Microbial control of mites and ticks U knjlzi raquoMicrobial conshy
trol of insects and mitesc pp 357-373 ed Burges-Hu~sey Acad Press Putman L W H erne C H D (1966) The role of predatons and others
biotic agent-s in regulating the population density of Phytophagous mites in Ontario peach erchards Can Bnt 98 808--820
Putman L W (1970) Occurence and transmission of a virus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi Can Ent 102 305-321
Rted K D (1978 The citrus red mite virus A look at 20 years of research Materijali Intern CoHoq on Invert Pathol Prag 11-17 septemhra 1978
St e j n h a us A E (1959) Possible virus disease in European red milte J Inmiddot sect Pathol J 435-437
Toma~ e vi~ B M i j u ~ k o vic M (1974) Uloga predatora i bolesti u regushylaciji prenamnoienih populacija Panonychus citri McGregor (Acarina Temiddot tranychidae) na egrumima jugoslovenskog primorja Arhiv polj nauka 99 75--88
Xeros N (1956) The virogenic stroma in nuclear and cytoplasmic polybedroshyses Nature London 178 412-13
DISEASES OF RED MITE (PANONYCHUS ULMI KOCH) PROVOKED BY MICROORGANISMS IN REGION OF VOJVODINA (YUGOSLAVIA)
C Sidor Institute Pasteur Novi Sad V Grblc Faculty of Aariculture Institute for Plant Protection Novi Sad
Summary
Results obtained by examinations of red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) show that this mite pest suffers and dies of several dliseases caused by microorganisms It has been started that red mite in Vojvoshydina (nord paiIt of Yugoslavia) are affected by rod shaped nonincluslion virus Besides that in deamiddotd mites were also found polyhedral inclusions
76 Zasecttita lraquolja Vol 31(1) br 151 69-76 (1980) Beograd
with spherical bodies (posslible vints) 60 ll1n in diameter as well as microsporiclia (Nosema bullSp) and fungi Entomophthora sp
Dense orchard populations of P ulmi ill Vojvodi11a were most often affected w1th noninc1usion vJrus at the second place by rnyooses and at the thiord by polyhedral mclusi0111S Microsporidtia were found only iln 1-2 of P ulmi
82 Zasecttita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 77-82 (1980) Beograd
V o j in o vic Vera P e r 1i c Z i v k a (1977) Utvrdivanje stepena adsorpcijeneltih jedinjenja iz grope hlorovanih ugljovodonika u zemljistu tipa smonica i ritska ornica i njihova apsorpcija u biJjke Agrohemija 1-2 1-8
Vojinovic Vera Peric 1 Neskovic N Milovanovic Mbull Pamiddot v ili c Si B r k o M (1977) Ostaci msekticida JU 7emljiStu i biljnim deloshyvima pos e njihove middotprimene za swbijanje zemljjnih ~tetoeina u usevu ~ cerne repe Zbomik radova saop~tenih na VIII Savetovanju o primeni pesmiddottioida u zasecttiti bilja higijeni i u veterini Poree 321-327
V roc in ski j K K 1973) Raspredeljenlije i dinamMca ostatkov DDT i -GHCG v pOCve Materijaly I vsesojuznogo sovdtanija 0 povedenije prevra~renije i analiz pesticidov i in metabolitov v pOCIe PUscino na Oke 5943
Yang HSC Wiers rna GB MHchell W G (1976) Organochlocnie pesticide residues in sugalbeet pulps end molasses from 16 states 1971 Pest Monit J 10 41-43
Zogijani A_ Gvozdenov_i_c R Elezovic I Vopnovic Ve~a Sestov1c M Vulev~c D Penava D De-maJ A (1977) Pnlog proubvanju stepena i objma zagaampmosti zemlji~ta postojanim pesticidima u SAP Kosovo amplop~teno na Simpozijumu o stanju zastiti i unaprecenjuzivotne i radne sredine u SAP Kosovo Pri~tina (u Stampi)
CONTENT OF LINDANE RESIDUES IN SOIL PLANT PARTS OF STUBBLE-FIELD CROPS AFTER ITS APPLICATION IN WHEAT
AS THE MAIN CROPS
V Vojlnovic 1 Perle N Ndkovlt INEP Department of Pesticides Zemun
M Druc The Agrioultural Combine Beogradlaquo - Department bull7 julie Surcin
Summary
ln order to examine the possibility of growing middotthe on crops stubshyble-field after the application of lindane in the main crop the residues of this insecticide were determined in soil and plant parts of f-orage beet red beet rape carrot tobacco and potato on Jindane treated areas at the time of wheat sowing Parallel exammations of samples from the areas watered with artificial rain and from non-watered areas were carmiddot ried out
In all samples of soil (taken from the depth of 0-45 em) were found lindane residues in the amounth not exceeding 50 ppb The COIIlmiddot
tent of lindane found iln all analysed plant partJS were far below the allowed amounts acoording to Yugoslav regulations
94 Zastita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 83-94 (1980) Beograd
RESISTANCE AS A FACTOR IN THE CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
HARMFUL ORGANISMS
M Sesto~ I Perle R Kljaj~ Faculty of Agrioulturo-Department for Pesticides Zemun
INEP - Department for pesticides Zernun
S middotummery
Knowing resistance to be a general biological phenomenon 41d A way of adapta~ian of living organisms to changed environmental conditions in respect to genesjs there are outstanding diferences between this occurrence and the so-called natural tolerance
Special attention is being paid to the resistance problem of insects mites and plant pathogenic fungi and tbe possibility of other harmful organslll5 deveshyloping resistance is being considered as well
It is being stressed that high res~stance is due to some genetic factors and that it may be monogenous po1igenous dominant and uessive Special attention is being paid to the occurrence of cross and muLti resistance to the factors which cause them and to their practical implications
Pointing out that the mecllanism of resistance has a dit-ect dependence on the acquaintance with the mechanism of pesticide action the processes of permeability middotreductioo detoxication increase affinity reduction of middotthe site of action to pesticide molecules and so on are being closely observed
There is a special stlCS6 being put on the future development of teSistanoe its implications (economic and other) and a concept with the aim of overcoming these occun-enoes is beini proposed while from the aspect of the entire problemconcerning resistance the possibilities of further promoting pesticide application are belng considered
Za~tita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 29-34 (1980) Beograd
Pribislav Marlnkovic SUillallski fakultet Beograd
Jelica Popovic lnitilut za sumarstvo i drvnu indwtriju Beograd
PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM VAR ORmOCERAS F PINI METABOLITES ON
EMBRYOS OF PINUS NIGRA ARN
The freed embryos of Austrian pine were exposed to t he action of toxic products of mebaboliltsm of fhe fungus by being immersed -in -the filtrates of cultures The phygttotoxic efifeots were established on bullthe bases of embryos growth Vleight increment pigmentation intensity ellp3111$on of root zone and opening of cotyledons The degree of phytotoXJic action was proportiJonal to bullthe production of rtoxiru and these effects are manifested through the lleduced growth of embryo inoapabilioty to form root cap and cotyledons
Fusarium species can cause considerable damage to the production of forestry nursery stock since their action prevents germination of seed and development of young plants Fusarium oxysporum var orthoceras f pini ~s a distincly middotpathogenic species which causes seed-decay and damping off Austrian pine saplings (Pen o 1968)
In the course of metabolic processes in fungi toxic metabolites are synthetised which affect biochemical processes essential to the life of plant and thereby create conditions for the bulloccurence anmiddotd developmiddot ment of -deseases According to the available data the Fusarium 5pecies also synthe~ise toxic metabolites A large number of these metabolites has been identified so far but their action has been iIlvestigated mainly on ltrQPs The effects of toxic metabolites on plants related to forestry trees has been inadequately studied Hence the reasons for conducting an investigaton into phytotoxic effeCts of Fusarium oxysporum var orthoshyceras f pini fungus on embryos of Pinus nigra
Zahita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 35--49 (1980) Beograd
Ubaldul Islam Adam Marie Facully of Altricuhure Novi Sad
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDIES ON BIOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RESISTANCE OF SUNFLOWER TO ALTERNARIA HELIANTHI
(HANSF) TAUB NISH
In this paper are presenled the results of the studies of the role of a toxmiddotin like metgtabolite of the fungus in pathogenesis of the disease overwintering of the parasitethe influence of different metheorological factors on the development of the disease and different problems of sunshyflower resistance to A helianthi
Production of a toxin by the fungus
In our middotprevious work (I s I a m and M a r i c 1978) we poifnted out that A helianthi along with other symptoms causes premature wilting of infected SIUIlflower plants which ilndicates the possible proshyduction of toxin like metaboliites by the fungus
In order to study this questron A helianthi has beem grown in Richards Czapek Dox and Malt llqu~d media lnocudated media were kept iln an mcubator art 24C for an period of 45 days Only mah Liquid media was used in further experdments because it was the mOISt suishytable for sungus growth The cuture was ~iltered and f1iJtrate obtained was used to assay the toxin produc1lion by assessement of the inhibi tion of seed germination (L u d w i g 1955) and root ekmgamiddottlilon (L u k e and Wheeler 1955)
Sunflower seed was soaked for 24 hours in the cultJUre filtralte and then placed on fiiher paper in Petri dishes Three ml of the filltrafe with various concentrations was added to the fiJter paper Five repHshycatt~Jns were maintaned for each treatment with 10 seeds in each dish Seeds soaked in lllilinoculated media and sterile warter served as canshyrol
Influence of cuLtJural fJltrate on lOOt e1ongation was studied on S~edHngs after germination in sand Ten seeds wampth about 1 em root lt~ngth were placed on filter paper moistened with 3 ml of cultJUral filtrate of various concentratr~ons in Petrv dishes Filter paper moistened
57 ZMtita bilja Vol l1(1) bt- 151 St-57 (1980) Beogcad
LITBRATURA
Bogavac M (1954) Broj guseniauh stadijuma dudovca Zdtita bilja br 25 Beograd
Bohm- Pschorn (1952) Biologie und Bekampfung von H cunea Pflanzenshyschutz-Berichte IX H 710
E h r e hard t i dr (1953) Prilog poznavanju biologije i suzbijanja dudovca Zashysecttita blija br 1617- Beograd
Grim a 1 j ski j V M (1956) Amerikanskaja belaja babOCka (H cuned) tak vreshyditelj lesa Zoologi~eskij furnal Tom XXXV
Mace 1j ski M (1953) Dudovac na podrucju Hrvatske 1952 g Zatita biljabr 16 17 Beograd
Non ve i 11 e r G (1951) Dudovac~nova ~tetOCina u Jugoslaviji Zatita bilja br 3 Beograd
Novakov i c V (1953) Pojava dudovca u Bosni 1952 god Zatita bUja br 1617 Beograd
Petrik C (1953) Bioekolosectka istmivanja dudovca u uslovima Vojvodine Zamiddot secttita bilja br 1717 Beograd
Petrik C (1958) Dosadasectnji rad na ispitivanju i suzbijanju dudovca u APV Zasecttita bilja br 4950 - Beograd
Surany i P (1948) Ein neuer Schiidling in Europa Hyphantria cunea Drury Pflanzenschutzberichte II 3-4 Wien
Tadic M (1961 Novi podaoi o dudovcu ~robemija br 4- Beograd Tad i c M (1967) Sirenje dudovca u svetu ina Balkanu i adaptaeija autohtonih
parazita na ovu secttetocinu ZUtita bilja br 96 n Beograd Zabarie A (1951) Pojava dudovca u NR Hrvatskoj Zasecttita bilja br 8 Beograd
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE EVOLUTION OF FALL WEBWORM (HYPHANTRIA CUNEA DRURY) IN THE SURROUNDINGS OF SKOPJE
A Seraflmovald Fote$try Facuhy - Skopje
After almost 20 years of stanltbtil H cunea Drury starts a new incursion into the southern parts of our country At the end of summer 1975 it was observed for the first time in the surroundings of Skopje and as early as tin 1977 1978 were dilscovered its new focuses m other parts of Macedonia (swroundin3s of Kumanovo Strunxka Prilep)
In the surroundings of Skopje it manages to develop 2-3 geneshyrations a year and to pass into the winter diapause in the pupal stage Caterpillars moulted 5 times ie they develop in 6 stages The total development of caterpillars lasted from 34 to 38 days The female moths lilved 49--68 and the male ones 42-59 days oo an average The fertility of females varied about 350 eggs which were deposited chiefly in 1-2 eggs clusters The caterpillars fed on several fruit forest horticultural and truck farming plant species The II and III generations were marmiddot kedly voracious
Further investigations of Fall Webworm in this Republic are in progress
67 Za~tita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 59---67 (1980) Beograd
Batini ca J et at (1973) StetoCine i uzroonici bolesti ulimlle repice Radovi XLVI Odjeljenje prilrodnih i matemat-i~kth nauka knitiga 13 Akademija nauka i umjetnos1i BiH Sarajevo
Bat inic a J et at (1974) ~ilog proucavarnju faune i uzroeo1ka bolesti suncokreshyta u njegovim uzgojnim Podrucjima SR Bosne i Hercegovine Radovi Poljoshyprivrednog fakulteta XXII-XXIII br 24--25 Sarajevo
Hering E M (1957) Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen von Europa Band II 1 III S Gravenohage
J ovanovJ c M (1968) Prgtilog proucavanju paratzitne mikroflore ~ entomofaune na visectegodMnjdm vlatastim travama i leguminomma u dkolini Kru~evca Zborshynik naucnFh TaJdova Sveska II i III Zavod za krmno middotbilie Krusectevac
K o v a ce v J c t (1952) Primjenjena entomologLja II knjiga PoljopriVredni ~teshytnicl Skolska knjjga Zagreb
Spencer K A (1973) Aampromyzidae (Dijgttera) of economic middotimportance The Hague
S e r vade bullti A Zan g her i S (1962) Lezioni di Entomologia agramiddotria Terza edmiddotlzione Padova
Tana s i ievbullic N I lie B (1969) Posebna entomologiia Beograd Vacl a v V et al (1970) Prilog poznavaalju bolesti i stetooina sofe u proizvodnim
podru~jirna BoSIle ZaWta bilia middotbr 109 Beograd Vas H j e v V et al (1974) Vredirtelji seljskohazja_jstvenih kuljtur 1 lesnih nasaZdeshy
nij Tom II Vrednije clenistonogije (prodoiZenije) pozvonoenije Kijev
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF LEAF MINERS ON CLOVER AND ALFALFA
M Jovanovl~ Agricultural station Kru$evac N Dlmlt Agricultural faculty Sarajevo
Summa ry
In the course of long term studies (1962-1978) performed on the territory of the S R Bosnia and Hercegovina and the SR Serbia high number of species of leaf miners on clover and alfalfa has been recorded Among the species which were found the most numerous were those poundrom the family Agromyzydae (Diptera) Agromyza nana Mg A frontella Rond Liriomyza trifolii Burg L strigata Mg and Phytomyza horticola Gour but the only one species belongs to the family of LepidopterashyLithocolletis insignitella Z
The leaf miners on the clover and alfalfa were widespread and reshycorded on 46 localities (th e some number in both Republics) Some speshycies were found in high numbers and caused harmful effects Among these species Agromyza nana and A frontella on the clover and alfalfa were economically very significant In the locality of Kru~evac the best control of these pests could be achieved by the treatment with Sistemine and Ekatine in 01 - 02 concentrations
15 Za~tita biJja Vol 31(1) middotbr 151 69-76 (198()) Beog-rad
U n~ programu daljeg rada na ispiJtLvanjima oboljenja P ulmi nalaze se zadaci koJi treba da detaljnije obrade svaJro od pomenutih oholjenja
(Primlj~no 11 02 1980)
LITERATURA
Beavers B J Reed K D (1972) Susceptibility of seven Tetranychids to the nonocluded virus of the oitrus red mite and the correlation of the carmine spider mites as a vector J lnv Pathol 20 279-2amp3
Bird F T (1967) A Yirus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Can J Microb 13 1131
Fisher F E (1951) Florida Entomol 34 83-88 Krieg A (1968) Effectivenes of BaciUus thuringiensis exotoXIin on Tetranychus
telarius (Acarina Tetranychidae) J Inv Pathol 12 478 Leatherdale D (1965) Fungi meeting rust and gall mites (Acarina Eriomiddot
phydae) J Inv Pathol 7 325-328 Lipa J J (1971) Microbial control of mites and ticks U knjlzi raquoMicrobial conshy
trol of insects and mitesc pp 357-373 ed Burges-Hu~sey Acad Press Putman L W H erne C H D (1966) The role of predatons and others
biotic agent-s in regulating the population density of Phytophagous mites in Ontario peach erchards Can Bnt 98 808--820
Putman L W (1970) Occurence and transmission of a virus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi Can Ent 102 305-321
Rted K D (1978 The citrus red mite virus A look at 20 years of research Materijali Intern CoHoq on Invert Pathol Prag 11-17 septemhra 1978
St e j n h a us A E (1959) Possible virus disease in European red milte J Inmiddot sect Pathol J 435-437
Toma~ e vi~ B M i j u ~ k o vic M (1974) Uloga predatora i bolesti u regushylaciji prenamnoienih populacija Panonychus citri McGregor (Acarina Temiddot tranychidae) na egrumima jugoslovenskog primorja Arhiv polj nauka 99 75--88
Xeros N (1956) The virogenic stroma in nuclear and cytoplasmic polybedroshyses Nature London 178 412-13
DISEASES OF RED MITE (PANONYCHUS ULMI KOCH) PROVOKED BY MICROORGANISMS IN REGION OF VOJVODINA (YUGOSLAVIA)
C Sidor Institute Pasteur Novi Sad V Grblc Faculty of Aariculture Institute for Plant Protection Novi Sad
Summary
Results obtained by examinations of red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) show that this mite pest suffers and dies of several dliseases caused by microorganisms It has been started that red mite in Vojvoshydina (nord paiIt of Yugoslavia) are affected by rod shaped nonincluslion virus Besides that in deamiddotd mites were also found polyhedral inclusions
76 Zasecttita lraquolja Vol 31(1) br 151 69-76 (1980) Beograd
with spherical bodies (posslible vints) 60 ll1n in diameter as well as microsporiclia (Nosema bullSp) and fungi Entomophthora sp
Dense orchard populations of P ulmi ill Vojvodi11a were most often affected w1th noninc1usion vJrus at the second place by rnyooses and at the thiord by polyhedral mclusi0111S Microsporidtia were found only iln 1-2 of P ulmi
82 Zasecttita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 77-82 (1980) Beograd
V o j in o vic Vera P e r 1i c Z i v k a (1977) Utvrdivanje stepena adsorpcijeneltih jedinjenja iz grope hlorovanih ugljovodonika u zemljistu tipa smonica i ritska ornica i njihova apsorpcija u biJjke Agrohemija 1-2 1-8
Vojinovic Vera Peric 1 Neskovic N Milovanovic Mbull Pamiddot v ili c Si B r k o M (1977) Ostaci msekticida JU 7emljiStu i biljnim deloshyvima pos e njihove middotprimene za swbijanje zemljjnih ~tetoeina u usevu ~ cerne repe Zbomik radova saop~tenih na VIII Savetovanju o primeni pesmiddottioida u zasecttiti bilja higijeni i u veterini Poree 321-327
V roc in ski j K K 1973) Raspredeljenlije i dinamMca ostatkov DDT i -GHCG v pOCve Materijaly I vsesojuznogo sovdtanija 0 povedenije prevra~renije i analiz pesticidov i in metabolitov v pOCIe PUscino na Oke 5943
Yang HSC Wiers rna GB MHchell W G (1976) Organochlocnie pesticide residues in sugalbeet pulps end molasses from 16 states 1971 Pest Monit J 10 41-43
Zogijani A_ Gvozdenov_i_c R Elezovic I Vopnovic Ve~a Sestov1c M Vulev~c D Penava D De-maJ A (1977) Pnlog proubvanju stepena i objma zagaampmosti zemlji~ta postojanim pesticidima u SAP Kosovo amplop~teno na Simpozijumu o stanju zastiti i unaprecenjuzivotne i radne sredine u SAP Kosovo Pri~tina (u Stampi)
CONTENT OF LINDANE RESIDUES IN SOIL PLANT PARTS OF STUBBLE-FIELD CROPS AFTER ITS APPLICATION IN WHEAT
AS THE MAIN CROPS
V Vojlnovic 1 Perle N Ndkovlt INEP Department of Pesticides Zemun
M Druc The Agrioultural Combine Beogradlaquo - Department bull7 julie Surcin
Summary
ln order to examine the possibility of growing middotthe on crops stubshyble-field after the application of lindane in the main crop the residues of this insecticide were determined in soil and plant parts of f-orage beet red beet rape carrot tobacco and potato on Jindane treated areas at the time of wheat sowing Parallel exammations of samples from the areas watered with artificial rain and from non-watered areas were carmiddot ried out
In all samples of soil (taken from the depth of 0-45 em) were found lindane residues in the amounth not exceeding 50 ppb The COIIlmiddot
tent of lindane found iln all analysed plant partJS were far below the allowed amounts acoording to Yugoslav regulations
94 Zastita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 83-94 (1980) Beograd
RESISTANCE AS A FACTOR IN THE CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
HARMFUL ORGANISMS
M Sesto~ I Perle R Kljaj~ Faculty of Agrioulturo-Department for Pesticides Zemun
INEP - Department for pesticides Zernun
S middotummery
Knowing resistance to be a general biological phenomenon 41d A way of adapta~ian of living organisms to changed environmental conditions in respect to genesjs there are outstanding diferences between this occurrence and the so-called natural tolerance
Special attention is being paid to the resistance problem of insects mites and plant pathogenic fungi and tbe possibility of other harmful organslll5 deveshyloping resistance is being considered as well
It is being stressed that high res~stance is due to some genetic factors and that it may be monogenous po1igenous dominant and uessive Special attention is being paid to the occurrence of cross and muLti resistance to the factors which cause them and to their practical implications
Pointing out that the mecllanism of resistance has a dit-ect dependence on the acquaintance with the mechanism of pesticide action the processes of permeability middotreductioo detoxication increase affinity reduction of middotthe site of action to pesticide molecules and so on are being closely observed
There is a special stlCS6 being put on the future development of teSistanoe its implications (economic and other) and a concept with the aim of overcoming these occun-enoes is beini proposed while from the aspect of the entire problemconcerning resistance the possibilities of further promoting pesticide application are belng considered
Zahita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 35--49 (1980) Beograd
Ubaldul Islam Adam Marie Facully of Altricuhure Novi Sad
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDIES ON BIOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RESISTANCE OF SUNFLOWER TO ALTERNARIA HELIANTHI
(HANSF) TAUB NISH
In this paper are presenled the results of the studies of the role of a toxmiddotin like metgtabolite of the fungus in pathogenesis of the disease overwintering of the parasitethe influence of different metheorological factors on the development of the disease and different problems of sunshyflower resistance to A helianthi
Production of a toxin by the fungus
In our middotprevious work (I s I a m and M a r i c 1978) we poifnted out that A helianthi along with other symptoms causes premature wilting of infected SIUIlflower plants which ilndicates the possible proshyduction of toxin like metaboliites by the fungus
In order to study this questron A helianthi has beem grown in Richards Czapek Dox and Malt llqu~d media lnocudated media were kept iln an mcubator art 24C for an period of 45 days Only mah Liquid media was used in further experdments because it was the mOISt suishytable for sungus growth The cuture was ~iltered and f1iJtrate obtained was used to assay the toxin produc1lion by assessement of the inhibi tion of seed germination (L u d w i g 1955) and root ekmgamiddottlilon (L u k e and Wheeler 1955)
Sunflower seed was soaked for 24 hours in the cultJUre filtralte and then placed on fiiher paper in Petri dishes Three ml of the filltrafe with various concentrations was added to the fiJter paper Five repHshycatt~Jns were maintaned for each treatment with 10 seeds in each dish Seeds soaked in lllilinoculated media and sterile warter served as canshyrol
Influence of cuLtJural fJltrate on lOOt e1ongation was studied on S~edHngs after germination in sand Ten seeds wampth about 1 em root lt~ngth were placed on filter paper moistened with 3 ml of cultJUral filtrate of various concentratr~ons in Petrv dishes Filter paper moistened
57 ZMtita bilja Vol l1(1) bt- 151 St-57 (1980) Beogcad
LITBRATURA
Bogavac M (1954) Broj guseniauh stadijuma dudovca Zdtita bilja br 25 Beograd
Bohm- Pschorn (1952) Biologie und Bekampfung von H cunea Pflanzenshyschutz-Berichte IX H 710
E h r e hard t i dr (1953) Prilog poznavanju biologije i suzbijanja dudovca Zashysecttita blija br 1617- Beograd
Grim a 1 j ski j V M (1956) Amerikanskaja belaja babOCka (H cuned) tak vreshyditelj lesa Zoologi~eskij furnal Tom XXXV
Mace 1j ski M (1953) Dudovac na podrucju Hrvatske 1952 g Zatita biljabr 16 17 Beograd
Non ve i 11 e r G (1951) Dudovac~nova ~tetOCina u Jugoslaviji Zatita bilja br 3 Beograd
Novakov i c V (1953) Pojava dudovca u Bosni 1952 god Zatita bUja br 1617 Beograd
Petrik C (1953) Bioekolosectka istmivanja dudovca u uslovima Vojvodine Zamiddot secttita bilja br 1717 Beograd
Petrik C (1958) Dosadasectnji rad na ispitivanju i suzbijanju dudovca u APV Zasecttita bilja br 4950 - Beograd
Surany i P (1948) Ein neuer Schiidling in Europa Hyphantria cunea Drury Pflanzenschutzberichte II 3-4 Wien
Tadic M (1961 Novi podaoi o dudovcu ~robemija br 4- Beograd Tad i c M (1967) Sirenje dudovca u svetu ina Balkanu i adaptaeija autohtonih
parazita na ovu secttetocinu ZUtita bilja br 96 n Beograd Zabarie A (1951) Pojava dudovca u NR Hrvatskoj Zasecttita bilja br 8 Beograd
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE EVOLUTION OF FALL WEBWORM (HYPHANTRIA CUNEA DRURY) IN THE SURROUNDINGS OF SKOPJE
A Seraflmovald Fote$try Facuhy - Skopje
After almost 20 years of stanltbtil H cunea Drury starts a new incursion into the southern parts of our country At the end of summer 1975 it was observed for the first time in the surroundings of Skopje and as early as tin 1977 1978 were dilscovered its new focuses m other parts of Macedonia (swroundin3s of Kumanovo Strunxka Prilep)
In the surroundings of Skopje it manages to develop 2-3 geneshyrations a year and to pass into the winter diapause in the pupal stage Caterpillars moulted 5 times ie they develop in 6 stages The total development of caterpillars lasted from 34 to 38 days The female moths lilved 49--68 and the male ones 42-59 days oo an average The fertility of females varied about 350 eggs which were deposited chiefly in 1-2 eggs clusters The caterpillars fed on several fruit forest horticultural and truck farming plant species The II and III generations were marmiddot kedly voracious
Further investigations of Fall Webworm in this Republic are in progress
67 Za~tita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 59---67 (1980) Beograd
Batini ca J et at (1973) StetoCine i uzroonici bolesti ulimlle repice Radovi XLVI Odjeljenje prilrodnih i matemat-i~kth nauka knitiga 13 Akademija nauka i umjetnos1i BiH Sarajevo
Bat inic a J et at (1974) ~ilog proucavarnju faune i uzroeo1ka bolesti suncokreshyta u njegovim uzgojnim Podrucjima SR Bosne i Hercegovine Radovi Poljoshyprivrednog fakulteta XXII-XXIII br 24--25 Sarajevo
Hering E M (1957) Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen von Europa Band II 1 III S Gravenohage
J ovanovJ c M (1968) Prgtilog proucavanju paratzitne mikroflore ~ entomofaune na visectegodMnjdm vlatastim travama i leguminomma u dkolini Kru~evca Zborshynik naucnFh TaJdova Sveska II i III Zavod za krmno middotbilie Krusectevac
K o v a ce v J c t (1952) Primjenjena entomologLja II knjiga PoljopriVredni ~teshytnicl Skolska knjjga Zagreb
Spencer K A (1973) Aampromyzidae (Dijgttera) of economic middotimportance The Hague
S e r vade bullti A Zan g her i S (1962) Lezioni di Entomologia agramiddotria Terza edmiddotlzione Padova
Tana s i ievbullic N I lie B (1969) Posebna entomologiia Beograd Vacl a v V et al (1970) Prilog poznavaalju bolesti i stetooina sofe u proizvodnim
podru~jirna BoSIle ZaWta bilia middotbr 109 Beograd Vas H j e v V et al (1974) Vredirtelji seljskohazja_jstvenih kuljtur 1 lesnih nasaZdeshy
nij Tom II Vrednije clenistonogije (prodoiZenije) pozvonoenije Kijev
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF LEAF MINERS ON CLOVER AND ALFALFA
M Jovanovl~ Agricultural station Kru$evac N Dlmlt Agricultural faculty Sarajevo
Summa ry
In the course of long term studies (1962-1978) performed on the territory of the S R Bosnia and Hercegovina and the SR Serbia high number of species of leaf miners on clover and alfalfa has been recorded Among the species which were found the most numerous were those poundrom the family Agromyzydae (Diptera) Agromyza nana Mg A frontella Rond Liriomyza trifolii Burg L strigata Mg and Phytomyza horticola Gour but the only one species belongs to the family of LepidopterashyLithocolletis insignitella Z
The leaf miners on the clover and alfalfa were widespread and reshycorded on 46 localities (th e some number in both Republics) Some speshycies were found in high numbers and caused harmful effects Among these species Agromyza nana and A frontella on the clover and alfalfa were economically very significant In the locality of Kru~evac the best control of these pests could be achieved by the treatment with Sistemine and Ekatine in 01 - 02 concentrations
15 Za~tita biJja Vol 31(1) middotbr 151 69-76 (198()) Beog-rad
U n~ programu daljeg rada na ispiJtLvanjima oboljenja P ulmi nalaze se zadaci koJi treba da detaljnije obrade svaJro od pomenutih oholjenja
(Primlj~no 11 02 1980)
LITERATURA
Beavers B J Reed K D (1972) Susceptibility of seven Tetranychids to the nonocluded virus of the oitrus red mite and the correlation of the carmine spider mites as a vector J lnv Pathol 20 279-2amp3
Bird F T (1967) A Yirus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Can J Microb 13 1131
Fisher F E (1951) Florida Entomol 34 83-88 Krieg A (1968) Effectivenes of BaciUus thuringiensis exotoXIin on Tetranychus
telarius (Acarina Tetranychidae) J Inv Pathol 12 478 Leatherdale D (1965) Fungi meeting rust and gall mites (Acarina Eriomiddot
phydae) J Inv Pathol 7 325-328 Lipa J J (1971) Microbial control of mites and ticks U knjlzi raquoMicrobial conshy
trol of insects and mitesc pp 357-373 ed Burges-Hu~sey Acad Press Putman L W H erne C H D (1966) The role of predatons and others
biotic agent-s in regulating the population density of Phytophagous mites in Ontario peach erchards Can Bnt 98 808--820
Putman L W (1970) Occurence and transmission of a virus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi Can Ent 102 305-321
Rted K D (1978 The citrus red mite virus A look at 20 years of research Materijali Intern CoHoq on Invert Pathol Prag 11-17 septemhra 1978
St e j n h a us A E (1959) Possible virus disease in European red milte J Inmiddot sect Pathol J 435-437
Toma~ e vi~ B M i j u ~ k o vic M (1974) Uloga predatora i bolesti u regushylaciji prenamnoienih populacija Panonychus citri McGregor (Acarina Temiddot tranychidae) na egrumima jugoslovenskog primorja Arhiv polj nauka 99 75--88
Xeros N (1956) The virogenic stroma in nuclear and cytoplasmic polybedroshyses Nature London 178 412-13
DISEASES OF RED MITE (PANONYCHUS ULMI KOCH) PROVOKED BY MICROORGANISMS IN REGION OF VOJVODINA (YUGOSLAVIA)
C Sidor Institute Pasteur Novi Sad V Grblc Faculty of Aariculture Institute for Plant Protection Novi Sad
Summary
Results obtained by examinations of red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) show that this mite pest suffers and dies of several dliseases caused by microorganisms It has been started that red mite in Vojvoshydina (nord paiIt of Yugoslavia) are affected by rod shaped nonincluslion virus Besides that in deamiddotd mites were also found polyhedral inclusions
76 Zasecttita lraquolja Vol 31(1) br 151 69-76 (1980) Beograd
with spherical bodies (posslible vints) 60 ll1n in diameter as well as microsporiclia (Nosema bullSp) and fungi Entomophthora sp
Dense orchard populations of P ulmi ill Vojvodi11a were most often affected w1th noninc1usion vJrus at the second place by rnyooses and at the thiord by polyhedral mclusi0111S Microsporidtia were found only iln 1-2 of P ulmi
82 Zasecttita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 77-82 (1980) Beograd
V o j in o vic Vera P e r 1i c Z i v k a (1977) Utvrdivanje stepena adsorpcijeneltih jedinjenja iz grope hlorovanih ugljovodonika u zemljistu tipa smonica i ritska ornica i njihova apsorpcija u biJjke Agrohemija 1-2 1-8
Vojinovic Vera Peric 1 Neskovic N Milovanovic Mbull Pamiddot v ili c Si B r k o M (1977) Ostaci msekticida JU 7emljiStu i biljnim deloshyvima pos e njihove middotprimene za swbijanje zemljjnih ~tetoeina u usevu ~ cerne repe Zbomik radova saop~tenih na VIII Savetovanju o primeni pesmiddottioida u zasecttiti bilja higijeni i u veterini Poree 321-327
V roc in ski j K K 1973) Raspredeljenlije i dinamMca ostatkov DDT i -GHCG v pOCve Materijaly I vsesojuznogo sovdtanija 0 povedenije prevra~renije i analiz pesticidov i in metabolitov v pOCIe PUscino na Oke 5943
Yang HSC Wiers rna GB MHchell W G (1976) Organochlocnie pesticide residues in sugalbeet pulps end molasses from 16 states 1971 Pest Monit J 10 41-43
Zogijani A_ Gvozdenov_i_c R Elezovic I Vopnovic Ve~a Sestov1c M Vulev~c D Penava D De-maJ A (1977) Pnlog proubvanju stepena i objma zagaampmosti zemlji~ta postojanim pesticidima u SAP Kosovo amplop~teno na Simpozijumu o stanju zastiti i unaprecenjuzivotne i radne sredine u SAP Kosovo Pri~tina (u Stampi)
CONTENT OF LINDANE RESIDUES IN SOIL PLANT PARTS OF STUBBLE-FIELD CROPS AFTER ITS APPLICATION IN WHEAT
AS THE MAIN CROPS
V Vojlnovic 1 Perle N Ndkovlt INEP Department of Pesticides Zemun
M Druc The Agrioultural Combine Beogradlaquo - Department bull7 julie Surcin
Summary
ln order to examine the possibility of growing middotthe on crops stubshyble-field after the application of lindane in the main crop the residues of this insecticide were determined in soil and plant parts of f-orage beet red beet rape carrot tobacco and potato on Jindane treated areas at the time of wheat sowing Parallel exammations of samples from the areas watered with artificial rain and from non-watered areas were carmiddot ried out
In all samples of soil (taken from the depth of 0-45 em) were found lindane residues in the amounth not exceeding 50 ppb The COIIlmiddot
tent of lindane found iln all analysed plant partJS were far below the allowed amounts acoording to Yugoslav regulations
94 Zastita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 83-94 (1980) Beograd
RESISTANCE AS A FACTOR IN THE CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
HARMFUL ORGANISMS
M Sesto~ I Perle R Kljaj~ Faculty of Agrioulturo-Department for Pesticides Zemun
INEP - Department for pesticides Zernun
S middotummery
Knowing resistance to be a general biological phenomenon 41d A way of adapta~ian of living organisms to changed environmental conditions in respect to genesjs there are outstanding diferences between this occurrence and the so-called natural tolerance
Special attention is being paid to the resistance problem of insects mites and plant pathogenic fungi and tbe possibility of other harmful organslll5 deveshyloping resistance is being considered as well
It is being stressed that high res~stance is due to some genetic factors and that it may be monogenous po1igenous dominant and uessive Special attention is being paid to the occurrence of cross and muLti resistance to the factors which cause them and to their practical implications
Pointing out that the mecllanism of resistance has a dit-ect dependence on the acquaintance with the mechanism of pesticide action the processes of permeability middotreductioo detoxication increase affinity reduction of middotthe site of action to pesticide molecules and so on are being closely observed
There is a special stlCS6 being put on the future development of teSistanoe its implications (economic and other) and a concept with the aim of overcoming these occun-enoes is beini proposed while from the aspect of the entire problemconcerning resistance the possibilities of further promoting pesticide application are belng considered
57 ZMtita bilja Vol l1(1) bt- 151 St-57 (1980) Beogcad
LITBRATURA
Bogavac M (1954) Broj guseniauh stadijuma dudovca Zdtita bilja br 25 Beograd
Bohm- Pschorn (1952) Biologie und Bekampfung von H cunea Pflanzenshyschutz-Berichte IX H 710
E h r e hard t i dr (1953) Prilog poznavanju biologije i suzbijanja dudovca Zashysecttita blija br 1617- Beograd
Grim a 1 j ski j V M (1956) Amerikanskaja belaja babOCka (H cuned) tak vreshyditelj lesa Zoologi~eskij furnal Tom XXXV
Mace 1j ski M (1953) Dudovac na podrucju Hrvatske 1952 g Zatita biljabr 16 17 Beograd
Non ve i 11 e r G (1951) Dudovac~nova ~tetOCina u Jugoslaviji Zatita bilja br 3 Beograd
Novakov i c V (1953) Pojava dudovca u Bosni 1952 god Zatita bUja br 1617 Beograd
Petrik C (1953) Bioekolosectka istmivanja dudovca u uslovima Vojvodine Zamiddot secttita bilja br 1717 Beograd
Petrik C (1958) Dosadasectnji rad na ispitivanju i suzbijanju dudovca u APV Zasecttita bilja br 4950 - Beograd
Surany i P (1948) Ein neuer Schiidling in Europa Hyphantria cunea Drury Pflanzenschutzberichte II 3-4 Wien
Tadic M (1961 Novi podaoi o dudovcu ~robemija br 4- Beograd Tad i c M (1967) Sirenje dudovca u svetu ina Balkanu i adaptaeija autohtonih
parazita na ovu secttetocinu ZUtita bilja br 96 n Beograd Zabarie A (1951) Pojava dudovca u NR Hrvatskoj Zasecttita bilja br 8 Beograd
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE EVOLUTION OF FALL WEBWORM (HYPHANTRIA CUNEA DRURY) IN THE SURROUNDINGS OF SKOPJE
A Seraflmovald Fote$try Facuhy - Skopje
After almost 20 years of stanltbtil H cunea Drury starts a new incursion into the southern parts of our country At the end of summer 1975 it was observed for the first time in the surroundings of Skopje and as early as tin 1977 1978 were dilscovered its new focuses m other parts of Macedonia (swroundin3s of Kumanovo Strunxka Prilep)
In the surroundings of Skopje it manages to develop 2-3 geneshyrations a year and to pass into the winter diapause in the pupal stage Caterpillars moulted 5 times ie they develop in 6 stages The total development of caterpillars lasted from 34 to 38 days The female moths lilved 49--68 and the male ones 42-59 days oo an average The fertility of females varied about 350 eggs which were deposited chiefly in 1-2 eggs clusters The caterpillars fed on several fruit forest horticultural and truck farming plant species The II and III generations were marmiddot kedly voracious
Further investigations of Fall Webworm in this Republic are in progress
67 Za~tita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 59---67 (1980) Beograd
Batini ca J et at (1973) StetoCine i uzroonici bolesti ulimlle repice Radovi XLVI Odjeljenje prilrodnih i matemat-i~kth nauka knitiga 13 Akademija nauka i umjetnos1i BiH Sarajevo
Bat inic a J et at (1974) ~ilog proucavarnju faune i uzroeo1ka bolesti suncokreshyta u njegovim uzgojnim Podrucjima SR Bosne i Hercegovine Radovi Poljoshyprivrednog fakulteta XXII-XXIII br 24--25 Sarajevo
Hering E M (1957) Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen von Europa Band II 1 III S Gravenohage
J ovanovJ c M (1968) Prgtilog proucavanju paratzitne mikroflore ~ entomofaune na visectegodMnjdm vlatastim travama i leguminomma u dkolini Kru~evca Zborshynik naucnFh TaJdova Sveska II i III Zavod za krmno middotbilie Krusectevac
K o v a ce v J c t (1952) Primjenjena entomologLja II knjiga PoljopriVredni ~teshytnicl Skolska knjjga Zagreb
Spencer K A (1973) Aampromyzidae (Dijgttera) of economic middotimportance The Hague
S e r vade bullti A Zan g her i S (1962) Lezioni di Entomologia agramiddotria Terza edmiddotlzione Padova
Tana s i ievbullic N I lie B (1969) Posebna entomologiia Beograd Vacl a v V et al (1970) Prilog poznavaalju bolesti i stetooina sofe u proizvodnim
podru~jirna BoSIle ZaWta bilia middotbr 109 Beograd Vas H j e v V et al (1974) Vredirtelji seljskohazja_jstvenih kuljtur 1 lesnih nasaZdeshy
nij Tom II Vrednije clenistonogije (prodoiZenije) pozvonoenije Kijev
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF LEAF MINERS ON CLOVER AND ALFALFA
M Jovanovl~ Agricultural station Kru$evac N Dlmlt Agricultural faculty Sarajevo
Summa ry
In the course of long term studies (1962-1978) performed on the territory of the S R Bosnia and Hercegovina and the SR Serbia high number of species of leaf miners on clover and alfalfa has been recorded Among the species which were found the most numerous were those poundrom the family Agromyzydae (Diptera) Agromyza nana Mg A frontella Rond Liriomyza trifolii Burg L strigata Mg and Phytomyza horticola Gour but the only one species belongs to the family of LepidopterashyLithocolletis insignitella Z
The leaf miners on the clover and alfalfa were widespread and reshycorded on 46 localities (th e some number in both Republics) Some speshycies were found in high numbers and caused harmful effects Among these species Agromyza nana and A frontella on the clover and alfalfa were economically very significant In the locality of Kru~evac the best control of these pests could be achieved by the treatment with Sistemine and Ekatine in 01 - 02 concentrations
15 Za~tita biJja Vol 31(1) middotbr 151 69-76 (198()) Beog-rad
U n~ programu daljeg rada na ispiJtLvanjima oboljenja P ulmi nalaze se zadaci koJi treba da detaljnije obrade svaJro od pomenutih oholjenja
(Primlj~no 11 02 1980)
LITERATURA
Beavers B J Reed K D (1972) Susceptibility of seven Tetranychids to the nonocluded virus of the oitrus red mite and the correlation of the carmine spider mites as a vector J lnv Pathol 20 279-2amp3
Bird F T (1967) A Yirus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Can J Microb 13 1131
Fisher F E (1951) Florida Entomol 34 83-88 Krieg A (1968) Effectivenes of BaciUus thuringiensis exotoXIin on Tetranychus
telarius (Acarina Tetranychidae) J Inv Pathol 12 478 Leatherdale D (1965) Fungi meeting rust and gall mites (Acarina Eriomiddot
phydae) J Inv Pathol 7 325-328 Lipa J J (1971) Microbial control of mites and ticks U knjlzi raquoMicrobial conshy
trol of insects and mitesc pp 357-373 ed Burges-Hu~sey Acad Press Putman L W H erne C H D (1966) The role of predatons and others
biotic agent-s in regulating the population density of Phytophagous mites in Ontario peach erchards Can Bnt 98 808--820
Putman L W (1970) Occurence and transmission of a virus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi Can Ent 102 305-321
Rted K D (1978 The citrus red mite virus A look at 20 years of research Materijali Intern CoHoq on Invert Pathol Prag 11-17 septemhra 1978
St e j n h a us A E (1959) Possible virus disease in European red milte J Inmiddot sect Pathol J 435-437
Toma~ e vi~ B M i j u ~ k o vic M (1974) Uloga predatora i bolesti u regushylaciji prenamnoienih populacija Panonychus citri McGregor (Acarina Temiddot tranychidae) na egrumima jugoslovenskog primorja Arhiv polj nauka 99 75--88
Xeros N (1956) The virogenic stroma in nuclear and cytoplasmic polybedroshyses Nature London 178 412-13
DISEASES OF RED MITE (PANONYCHUS ULMI KOCH) PROVOKED BY MICROORGANISMS IN REGION OF VOJVODINA (YUGOSLAVIA)
C Sidor Institute Pasteur Novi Sad V Grblc Faculty of Aariculture Institute for Plant Protection Novi Sad
Summary
Results obtained by examinations of red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) show that this mite pest suffers and dies of several dliseases caused by microorganisms It has been started that red mite in Vojvoshydina (nord paiIt of Yugoslavia) are affected by rod shaped nonincluslion virus Besides that in deamiddotd mites were also found polyhedral inclusions
76 Zasecttita lraquolja Vol 31(1) br 151 69-76 (1980) Beograd
with spherical bodies (posslible vints) 60 ll1n in diameter as well as microsporiclia (Nosema bullSp) and fungi Entomophthora sp
Dense orchard populations of P ulmi ill Vojvodi11a were most often affected w1th noninc1usion vJrus at the second place by rnyooses and at the thiord by polyhedral mclusi0111S Microsporidtia were found only iln 1-2 of P ulmi
82 Zasecttita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 77-82 (1980) Beograd
V o j in o vic Vera P e r 1i c Z i v k a (1977) Utvrdivanje stepena adsorpcijeneltih jedinjenja iz grope hlorovanih ugljovodonika u zemljistu tipa smonica i ritska ornica i njihova apsorpcija u biJjke Agrohemija 1-2 1-8
Vojinovic Vera Peric 1 Neskovic N Milovanovic Mbull Pamiddot v ili c Si B r k o M (1977) Ostaci msekticida JU 7emljiStu i biljnim deloshyvima pos e njihove middotprimene za swbijanje zemljjnih ~tetoeina u usevu ~ cerne repe Zbomik radova saop~tenih na VIII Savetovanju o primeni pesmiddottioida u zasecttiti bilja higijeni i u veterini Poree 321-327
V roc in ski j K K 1973) Raspredeljenlije i dinamMca ostatkov DDT i -GHCG v pOCve Materijaly I vsesojuznogo sovdtanija 0 povedenije prevra~renije i analiz pesticidov i in metabolitov v pOCIe PUscino na Oke 5943
Yang HSC Wiers rna GB MHchell W G (1976) Organochlocnie pesticide residues in sugalbeet pulps end molasses from 16 states 1971 Pest Monit J 10 41-43
Zogijani A_ Gvozdenov_i_c R Elezovic I Vopnovic Ve~a Sestov1c M Vulev~c D Penava D De-maJ A (1977) Pnlog proubvanju stepena i objma zagaampmosti zemlji~ta postojanim pesticidima u SAP Kosovo amplop~teno na Simpozijumu o stanju zastiti i unaprecenjuzivotne i radne sredine u SAP Kosovo Pri~tina (u Stampi)
CONTENT OF LINDANE RESIDUES IN SOIL PLANT PARTS OF STUBBLE-FIELD CROPS AFTER ITS APPLICATION IN WHEAT
AS THE MAIN CROPS
V Vojlnovic 1 Perle N Ndkovlt INEP Department of Pesticides Zemun
M Druc The Agrioultural Combine Beogradlaquo - Department bull7 julie Surcin
Summary
ln order to examine the possibility of growing middotthe on crops stubshyble-field after the application of lindane in the main crop the residues of this insecticide were determined in soil and plant parts of f-orage beet red beet rape carrot tobacco and potato on Jindane treated areas at the time of wheat sowing Parallel exammations of samples from the areas watered with artificial rain and from non-watered areas were carmiddot ried out
In all samples of soil (taken from the depth of 0-45 em) were found lindane residues in the amounth not exceeding 50 ppb The COIIlmiddot
tent of lindane found iln all analysed plant partJS were far below the allowed amounts acoording to Yugoslav regulations
94 Zastita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 83-94 (1980) Beograd
RESISTANCE AS A FACTOR IN THE CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
HARMFUL ORGANISMS
M Sesto~ I Perle R Kljaj~ Faculty of Agrioulturo-Department for Pesticides Zemun
INEP - Department for pesticides Zernun
S middotummery
Knowing resistance to be a general biological phenomenon 41d A way of adapta~ian of living organisms to changed environmental conditions in respect to genesjs there are outstanding diferences between this occurrence and the so-called natural tolerance
Special attention is being paid to the resistance problem of insects mites and plant pathogenic fungi and tbe possibility of other harmful organslll5 deveshyloping resistance is being considered as well
It is being stressed that high res~stance is due to some genetic factors and that it may be monogenous po1igenous dominant and uessive Special attention is being paid to the occurrence of cross and muLti resistance to the factors which cause them and to their practical implications
Pointing out that the mecllanism of resistance has a dit-ect dependence on the acquaintance with the mechanism of pesticide action the processes of permeability middotreductioo detoxication increase affinity reduction of middotthe site of action to pesticide molecules and so on are being closely observed
There is a special stlCS6 being put on the future development of teSistanoe its implications (economic and other) and a concept with the aim of overcoming these occun-enoes is beini proposed while from the aspect of the entire problemconcerning resistance the possibilities of further promoting pesticide application are belng considered
67 Za~tita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 59---67 (1980) Beograd
Batini ca J et at (1973) StetoCine i uzroonici bolesti ulimlle repice Radovi XLVI Odjeljenje prilrodnih i matemat-i~kth nauka knitiga 13 Akademija nauka i umjetnos1i BiH Sarajevo
Bat inic a J et at (1974) ~ilog proucavarnju faune i uzroeo1ka bolesti suncokreshyta u njegovim uzgojnim Podrucjima SR Bosne i Hercegovine Radovi Poljoshyprivrednog fakulteta XXII-XXIII br 24--25 Sarajevo
Hering E M (1957) Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen von Europa Band II 1 III S Gravenohage
J ovanovJ c M (1968) Prgtilog proucavanju paratzitne mikroflore ~ entomofaune na visectegodMnjdm vlatastim travama i leguminomma u dkolini Kru~evca Zborshynik naucnFh TaJdova Sveska II i III Zavod za krmno middotbilie Krusectevac
K o v a ce v J c t (1952) Primjenjena entomologLja II knjiga PoljopriVredni ~teshytnicl Skolska knjjga Zagreb
Spencer K A (1973) Aampromyzidae (Dijgttera) of economic middotimportance The Hague
S e r vade bullti A Zan g her i S (1962) Lezioni di Entomologia agramiddotria Terza edmiddotlzione Padova
Tana s i ievbullic N I lie B (1969) Posebna entomologiia Beograd Vacl a v V et al (1970) Prilog poznavaalju bolesti i stetooina sofe u proizvodnim
podru~jirna BoSIle ZaWta bilia middotbr 109 Beograd Vas H j e v V et al (1974) Vredirtelji seljskohazja_jstvenih kuljtur 1 lesnih nasaZdeshy
nij Tom II Vrednije clenistonogije (prodoiZenije) pozvonoenije Kijev
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF LEAF MINERS ON CLOVER AND ALFALFA
M Jovanovl~ Agricultural station Kru$evac N Dlmlt Agricultural faculty Sarajevo
Summa ry
In the course of long term studies (1962-1978) performed on the territory of the S R Bosnia and Hercegovina and the SR Serbia high number of species of leaf miners on clover and alfalfa has been recorded Among the species which were found the most numerous were those poundrom the family Agromyzydae (Diptera) Agromyza nana Mg A frontella Rond Liriomyza trifolii Burg L strigata Mg and Phytomyza horticola Gour but the only one species belongs to the family of LepidopterashyLithocolletis insignitella Z
The leaf miners on the clover and alfalfa were widespread and reshycorded on 46 localities (th e some number in both Republics) Some speshycies were found in high numbers and caused harmful effects Among these species Agromyza nana and A frontella on the clover and alfalfa were economically very significant In the locality of Kru~evac the best control of these pests could be achieved by the treatment with Sistemine and Ekatine in 01 - 02 concentrations
15 Za~tita biJja Vol 31(1) middotbr 151 69-76 (198()) Beog-rad
U n~ programu daljeg rada na ispiJtLvanjima oboljenja P ulmi nalaze se zadaci koJi treba da detaljnije obrade svaJro od pomenutih oholjenja
(Primlj~no 11 02 1980)
LITERATURA
Beavers B J Reed K D (1972) Susceptibility of seven Tetranychids to the nonocluded virus of the oitrus red mite and the correlation of the carmine spider mites as a vector J lnv Pathol 20 279-2amp3
Bird F T (1967) A Yirus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Can J Microb 13 1131
Fisher F E (1951) Florida Entomol 34 83-88 Krieg A (1968) Effectivenes of BaciUus thuringiensis exotoXIin on Tetranychus
telarius (Acarina Tetranychidae) J Inv Pathol 12 478 Leatherdale D (1965) Fungi meeting rust and gall mites (Acarina Eriomiddot
phydae) J Inv Pathol 7 325-328 Lipa J J (1971) Microbial control of mites and ticks U knjlzi raquoMicrobial conshy
trol of insects and mitesc pp 357-373 ed Burges-Hu~sey Acad Press Putman L W H erne C H D (1966) The role of predatons and others
biotic agent-s in regulating the population density of Phytophagous mites in Ontario peach erchards Can Bnt 98 808--820
Putman L W (1970) Occurence and transmission of a virus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi Can Ent 102 305-321
Rted K D (1978 The citrus red mite virus A look at 20 years of research Materijali Intern CoHoq on Invert Pathol Prag 11-17 septemhra 1978
St e j n h a us A E (1959) Possible virus disease in European red milte J Inmiddot sect Pathol J 435-437
Toma~ e vi~ B M i j u ~ k o vic M (1974) Uloga predatora i bolesti u regushylaciji prenamnoienih populacija Panonychus citri McGregor (Acarina Temiddot tranychidae) na egrumima jugoslovenskog primorja Arhiv polj nauka 99 75--88
Xeros N (1956) The virogenic stroma in nuclear and cytoplasmic polybedroshyses Nature London 178 412-13
DISEASES OF RED MITE (PANONYCHUS ULMI KOCH) PROVOKED BY MICROORGANISMS IN REGION OF VOJVODINA (YUGOSLAVIA)
C Sidor Institute Pasteur Novi Sad V Grblc Faculty of Aariculture Institute for Plant Protection Novi Sad
Summary
Results obtained by examinations of red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) show that this mite pest suffers and dies of several dliseases caused by microorganisms It has been started that red mite in Vojvoshydina (nord paiIt of Yugoslavia) are affected by rod shaped nonincluslion virus Besides that in deamiddotd mites were also found polyhedral inclusions
76 Zasecttita lraquolja Vol 31(1) br 151 69-76 (1980) Beograd
with spherical bodies (posslible vints) 60 ll1n in diameter as well as microsporiclia (Nosema bullSp) and fungi Entomophthora sp
Dense orchard populations of P ulmi ill Vojvodi11a were most often affected w1th noninc1usion vJrus at the second place by rnyooses and at the thiord by polyhedral mclusi0111S Microsporidtia were found only iln 1-2 of P ulmi
82 Zasecttita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 77-82 (1980) Beograd
V o j in o vic Vera P e r 1i c Z i v k a (1977) Utvrdivanje stepena adsorpcijeneltih jedinjenja iz grope hlorovanih ugljovodonika u zemljistu tipa smonica i ritska ornica i njihova apsorpcija u biJjke Agrohemija 1-2 1-8
Vojinovic Vera Peric 1 Neskovic N Milovanovic Mbull Pamiddot v ili c Si B r k o M (1977) Ostaci msekticida JU 7emljiStu i biljnim deloshyvima pos e njihove middotprimene za swbijanje zemljjnih ~tetoeina u usevu ~ cerne repe Zbomik radova saop~tenih na VIII Savetovanju o primeni pesmiddottioida u zasecttiti bilja higijeni i u veterini Poree 321-327
V roc in ski j K K 1973) Raspredeljenlije i dinamMca ostatkov DDT i -GHCG v pOCve Materijaly I vsesojuznogo sovdtanija 0 povedenije prevra~renije i analiz pesticidov i in metabolitov v pOCIe PUscino na Oke 5943
Yang HSC Wiers rna GB MHchell W G (1976) Organochlocnie pesticide residues in sugalbeet pulps end molasses from 16 states 1971 Pest Monit J 10 41-43
Zogijani A_ Gvozdenov_i_c R Elezovic I Vopnovic Ve~a Sestov1c M Vulev~c D Penava D De-maJ A (1977) Pnlog proubvanju stepena i objma zagaampmosti zemlji~ta postojanim pesticidima u SAP Kosovo amplop~teno na Simpozijumu o stanju zastiti i unaprecenjuzivotne i radne sredine u SAP Kosovo Pri~tina (u Stampi)
CONTENT OF LINDANE RESIDUES IN SOIL PLANT PARTS OF STUBBLE-FIELD CROPS AFTER ITS APPLICATION IN WHEAT
AS THE MAIN CROPS
V Vojlnovic 1 Perle N Ndkovlt INEP Department of Pesticides Zemun
M Druc The Agrioultural Combine Beogradlaquo - Department bull7 julie Surcin
Summary
ln order to examine the possibility of growing middotthe on crops stubshyble-field after the application of lindane in the main crop the residues of this insecticide were determined in soil and plant parts of f-orage beet red beet rape carrot tobacco and potato on Jindane treated areas at the time of wheat sowing Parallel exammations of samples from the areas watered with artificial rain and from non-watered areas were carmiddot ried out
In all samples of soil (taken from the depth of 0-45 em) were found lindane residues in the amounth not exceeding 50 ppb The COIIlmiddot
tent of lindane found iln all analysed plant partJS were far below the allowed amounts acoording to Yugoslav regulations
94 Zastita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 83-94 (1980) Beograd
RESISTANCE AS A FACTOR IN THE CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
HARMFUL ORGANISMS
M Sesto~ I Perle R Kljaj~ Faculty of Agrioulturo-Department for Pesticides Zemun
INEP - Department for pesticides Zernun
S middotummery
Knowing resistance to be a general biological phenomenon 41d A way of adapta~ian of living organisms to changed environmental conditions in respect to genesjs there are outstanding diferences between this occurrence and the so-called natural tolerance
Special attention is being paid to the resistance problem of insects mites and plant pathogenic fungi and tbe possibility of other harmful organslll5 deveshyloping resistance is being considered as well
It is being stressed that high res~stance is due to some genetic factors and that it may be monogenous po1igenous dominant and uessive Special attention is being paid to the occurrence of cross and muLti resistance to the factors which cause them and to their practical implications
Pointing out that the mecllanism of resistance has a dit-ect dependence on the acquaintance with the mechanism of pesticide action the processes of permeability middotreductioo detoxication increase affinity reduction of middotthe site of action to pesticide molecules and so on are being closely observed
There is a special stlCS6 being put on the future development of teSistanoe its implications (economic and other) and a concept with the aim of overcoming these occun-enoes is beini proposed while from the aspect of the entire problemconcerning resistance the possibilities of further promoting pesticide application are belng considered
15 Za~tita biJja Vol 31(1) middotbr 151 69-76 (198()) Beog-rad
U n~ programu daljeg rada na ispiJtLvanjima oboljenja P ulmi nalaze se zadaci koJi treba da detaljnije obrade svaJro od pomenutih oholjenja
(Primlj~no 11 02 1980)
LITERATURA
Beavers B J Reed K D (1972) Susceptibility of seven Tetranychids to the nonocluded virus of the oitrus red mite and the correlation of the carmine spider mites as a vector J lnv Pathol 20 279-2amp3
Bird F T (1967) A Yirus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Can J Microb 13 1131
Fisher F E (1951) Florida Entomol 34 83-88 Krieg A (1968) Effectivenes of BaciUus thuringiensis exotoXIin on Tetranychus
telarius (Acarina Tetranychidae) J Inv Pathol 12 478 Leatherdale D (1965) Fungi meeting rust and gall mites (Acarina Eriomiddot
phydae) J Inv Pathol 7 325-328 Lipa J J (1971) Microbial control of mites and ticks U knjlzi raquoMicrobial conshy
trol of insects and mitesc pp 357-373 ed Burges-Hu~sey Acad Press Putman L W H erne C H D (1966) The role of predatons and others
biotic agent-s in regulating the population density of Phytophagous mites in Ontario peach erchards Can Bnt 98 808--820
Putman L W (1970) Occurence and transmission of a virus disease of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi Can Ent 102 305-321
Rted K D (1978 The citrus red mite virus A look at 20 years of research Materijali Intern CoHoq on Invert Pathol Prag 11-17 septemhra 1978
St e j n h a us A E (1959) Possible virus disease in European red milte J Inmiddot sect Pathol J 435-437
Toma~ e vi~ B M i j u ~ k o vic M (1974) Uloga predatora i bolesti u regushylaciji prenamnoienih populacija Panonychus citri McGregor (Acarina Temiddot tranychidae) na egrumima jugoslovenskog primorja Arhiv polj nauka 99 75--88
Xeros N (1956) The virogenic stroma in nuclear and cytoplasmic polybedroshyses Nature London 178 412-13
DISEASES OF RED MITE (PANONYCHUS ULMI KOCH) PROVOKED BY MICROORGANISMS IN REGION OF VOJVODINA (YUGOSLAVIA)
C Sidor Institute Pasteur Novi Sad V Grblc Faculty of Aariculture Institute for Plant Protection Novi Sad
Summary
Results obtained by examinations of red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) show that this mite pest suffers and dies of several dliseases caused by microorganisms It has been started that red mite in Vojvoshydina (nord paiIt of Yugoslavia) are affected by rod shaped nonincluslion virus Besides that in deamiddotd mites were also found polyhedral inclusions
76 Zasecttita lraquolja Vol 31(1) br 151 69-76 (1980) Beograd
with spherical bodies (posslible vints) 60 ll1n in diameter as well as microsporiclia (Nosema bullSp) and fungi Entomophthora sp
Dense orchard populations of P ulmi ill Vojvodi11a were most often affected w1th noninc1usion vJrus at the second place by rnyooses and at the thiord by polyhedral mclusi0111S Microsporidtia were found only iln 1-2 of P ulmi
82 Zasecttita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 77-82 (1980) Beograd
V o j in o vic Vera P e r 1i c Z i v k a (1977) Utvrdivanje stepena adsorpcijeneltih jedinjenja iz grope hlorovanih ugljovodonika u zemljistu tipa smonica i ritska ornica i njihova apsorpcija u biJjke Agrohemija 1-2 1-8
Vojinovic Vera Peric 1 Neskovic N Milovanovic Mbull Pamiddot v ili c Si B r k o M (1977) Ostaci msekticida JU 7emljiStu i biljnim deloshyvima pos e njihove middotprimene za swbijanje zemljjnih ~tetoeina u usevu ~ cerne repe Zbomik radova saop~tenih na VIII Savetovanju o primeni pesmiddottioida u zasecttiti bilja higijeni i u veterini Poree 321-327
V roc in ski j K K 1973) Raspredeljenlije i dinamMca ostatkov DDT i -GHCG v pOCve Materijaly I vsesojuznogo sovdtanija 0 povedenije prevra~renije i analiz pesticidov i in metabolitov v pOCIe PUscino na Oke 5943
Yang HSC Wiers rna GB MHchell W G (1976) Organochlocnie pesticide residues in sugalbeet pulps end molasses from 16 states 1971 Pest Monit J 10 41-43
Zogijani A_ Gvozdenov_i_c R Elezovic I Vopnovic Ve~a Sestov1c M Vulev~c D Penava D De-maJ A (1977) Pnlog proubvanju stepena i objma zagaampmosti zemlji~ta postojanim pesticidima u SAP Kosovo amplop~teno na Simpozijumu o stanju zastiti i unaprecenjuzivotne i radne sredine u SAP Kosovo Pri~tina (u Stampi)
CONTENT OF LINDANE RESIDUES IN SOIL PLANT PARTS OF STUBBLE-FIELD CROPS AFTER ITS APPLICATION IN WHEAT
AS THE MAIN CROPS
V Vojlnovic 1 Perle N Ndkovlt INEP Department of Pesticides Zemun
M Druc The Agrioultural Combine Beogradlaquo - Department bull7 julie Surcin
Summary
ln order to examine the possibility of growing middotthe on crops stubshyble-field after the application of lindane in the main crop the residues of this insecticide were determined in soil and plant parts of f-orage beet red beet rape carrot tobacco and potato on Jindane treated areas at the time of wheat sowing Parallel exammations of samples from the areas watered with artificial rain and from non-watered areas were carmiddot ried out
In all samples of soil (taken from the depth of 0-45 em) were found lindane residues in the amounth not exceeding 50 ppb The COIIlmiddot
tent of lindane found iln all analysed plant partJS were far below the allowed amounts acoording to Yugoslav regulations
94 Zastita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 83-94 (1980) Beograd
RESISTANCE AS A FACTOR IN THE CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
HARMFUL ORGANISMS
M Sesto~ I Perle R Kljaj~ Faculty of Agrioulturo-Department for Pesticides Zemun
INEP - Department for pesticides Zernun
S middotummery
Knowing resistance to be a general biological phenomenon 41d A way of adapta~ian of living organisms to changed environmental conditions in respect to genesjs there are outstanding diferences between this occurrence and the so-called natural tolerance
Special attention is being paid to the resistance problem of insects mites and plant pathogenic fungi and tbe possibility of other harmful organslll5 deveshyloping resistance is being considered as well
It is being stressed that high res~stance is due to some genetic factors and that it may be monogenous po1igenous dominant and uessive Special attention is being paid to the occurrence of cross and muLti resistance to the factors which cause them and to their practical implications
Pointing out that the mecllanism of resistance has a dit-ect dependence on the acquaintance with the mechanism of pesticide action the processes of permeability middotreductioo detoxication increase affinity reduction of middotthe site of action to pesticide molecules and so on are being closely observed
There is a special stlCS6 being put on the future development of teSistanoe its implications (economic and other) and a concept with the aim of overcoming these occun-enoes is beini proposed while from the aspect of the entire problemconcerning resistance the possibilities of further promoting pesticide application are belng considered
76 Zasecttita lraquolja Vol 31(1) br 151 69-76 (1980) Beograd
with spherical bodies (posslible vints) 60 ll1n in diameter as well as microsporiclia (Nosema bullSp) and fungi Entomophthora sp
Dense orchard populations of P ulmi ill Vojvodi11a were most often affected w1th noninc1usion vJrus at the second place by rnyooses and at the thiord by polyhedral mclusi0111S Microsporidtia were found only iln 1-2 of P ulmi
82 Zasecttita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 77-82 (1980) Beograd
V o j in o vic Vera P e r 1i c Z i v k a (1977) Utvrdivanje stepena adsorpcijeneltih jedinjenja iz grope hlorovanih ugljovodonika u zemljistu tipa smonica i ritska ornica i njihova apsorpcija u biJjke Agrohemija 1-2 1-8
Vojinovic Vera Peric 1 Neskovic N Milovanovic Mbull Pamiddot v ili c Si B r k o M (1977) Ostaci msekticida JU 7emljiStu i biljnim deloshyvima pos e njihove middotprimene za swbijanje zemljjnih ~tetoeina u usevu ~ cerne repe Zbomik radova saop~tenih na VIII Savetovanju o primeni pesmiddottioida u zasecttiti bilja higijeni i u veterini Poree 321-327
V roc in ski j K K 1973) Raspredeljenlije i dinamMca ostatkov DDT i -GHCG v pOCve Materijaly I vsesojuznogo sovdtanija 0 povedenije prevra~renije i analiz pesticidov i in metabolitov v pOCIe PUscino na Oke 5943
Yang HSC Wiers rna GB MHchell W G (1976) Organochlocnie pesticide residues in sugalbeet pulps end molasses from 16 states 1971 Pest Monit J 10 41-43
Zogijani A_ Gvozdenov_i_c R Elezovic I Vopnovic Ve~a Sestov1c M Vulev~c D Penava D De-maJ A (1977) Pnlog proubvanju stepena i objma zagaampmosti zemlji~ta postojanim pesticidima u SAP Kosovo amplop~teno na Simpozijumu o stanju zastiti i unaprecenjuzivotne i radne sredine u SAP Kosovo Pri~tina (u Stampi)
CONTENT OF LINDANE RESIDUES IN SOIL PLANT PARTS OF STUBBLE-FIELD CROPS AFTER ITS APPLICATION IN WHEAT
AS THE MAIN CROPS
V Vojlnovic 1 Perle N Ndkovlt INEP Department of Pesticides Zemun
M Druc The Agrioultural Combine Beogradlaquo - Department bull7 julie Surcin
Summary
ln order to examine the possibility of growing middotthe on crops stubshyble-field after the application of lindane in the main crop the residues of this insecticide were determined in soil and plant parts of f-orage beet red beet rape carrot tobacco and potato on Jindane treated areas at the time of wheat sowing Parallel exammations of samples from the areas watered with artificial rain and from non-watered areas were carmiddot ried out
In all samples of soil (taken from the depth of 0-45 em) were found lindane residues in the amounth not exceeding 50 ppb The COIIlmiddot
tent of lindane found iln all analysed plant partJS were far below the allowed amounts acoording to Yugoslav regulations
94 Zastita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 83-94 (1980) Beograd
RESISTANCE AS A FACTOR IN THE CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
HARMFUL ORGANISMS
M Sesto~ I Perle R Kljaj~ Faculty of Agrioulturo-Department for Pesticides Zemun
INEP - Department for pesticides Zernun
S middotummery
Knowing resistance to be a general biological phenomenon 41d A way of adapta~ian of living organisms to changed environmental conditions in respect to genesjs there are outstanding diferences between this occurrence and the so-called natural tolerance
Special attention is being paid to the resistance problem of insects mites and plant pathogenic fungi and tbe possibility of other harmful organslll5 deveshyloping resistance is being considered as well
It is being stressed that high res~stance is due to some genetic factors and that it may be monogenous po1igenous dominant and uessive Special attention is being paid to the occurrence of cross and muLti resistance to the factors which cause them and to their practical implications
Pointing out that the mecllanism of resistance has a dit-ect dependence on the acquaintance with the mechanism of pesticide action the processes of permeability middotreductioo detoxication increase affinity reduction of middotthe site of action to pesticide molecules and so on are being closely observed
There is a special stlCS6 being put on the future development of teSistanoe its implications (economic and other) and a concept with the aim of overcoming these occun-enoes is beini proposed while from the aspect of the entire problemconcerning resistance the possibilities of further promoting pesticide application are belng considered
82 Zasecttita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 77-82 (1980) Beograd
V o j in o vic Vera P e r 1i c Z i v k a (1977) Utvrdivanje stepena adsorpcijeneltih jedinjenja iz grope hlorovanih ugljovodonika u zemljistu tipa smonica i ritska ornica i njihova apsorpcija u biJjke Agrohemija 1-2 1-8
Vojinovic Vera Peric 1 Neskovic N Milovanovic Mbull Pamiddot v ili c Si B r k o M (1977) Ostaci msekticida JU 7emljiStu i biljnim deloshyvima pos e njihove middotprimene za swbijanje zemljjnih ~tetoeina u usevu ~ cerne repe Zbomik radova saop~tenih na VIII Savetovanju o primeni pesmiddottioida u zasecttiti bilja higijeni i u veterini Poree 321-327
V roc in ski j K K 1973) Raspredeljenlije i dinamMca ostatkov DDT i -GHCG v pOCve Materijaly I vsesojuznogo sovdtanija 0 povedenije prevra~renije i analiz pesticidov i in metabolitov v pOCIe PUscino na Oke 5943
Yang HSC Wiers rna GB MHchell W G (1976) Organochlocnie pesticide residues in sugalbeet pulps end molasses from 16 states 1971 Pest Monit J 10 41-43
Zogijani A_ Gvozdenov_i_c R Elezovic I Vopnovic Ve~a Sestov1c M Vulev~c D Penava D De-maJ A (1977) Pnlog proubvanju stepena i objma zagaampmosti zemlji~ta postojanim pesticidima u SAP Kosovo amplop~teno na Simpozijumu o stanju zastiti i unaprecenjuzivotne i radne sredine u SAP Kosovo Pri~tina (u Stampi)
CONTENT OF LINDANE RESIDUES IN SOIL PLANT PARTS OF STUBBLE-FIELD CROPS AFTER ITS APPLICATION IN WHEAT
AS THE MAIN CROPS
V Vojlnovic 1 Perle N Ndkovlt INEP Department of Pesticides Zemun
M Druc The Agrioultural Combine Beogradlaquo - Department bull7 julie Surcin
Summary
ln order to examine the possibility of growing middotthe on crops stubshyble-field after the application of lindane in the main crop the residues of this insecticide were determined in soil and plant parts of f-orage beet red beet rape carrot tobacco and potato on Jindane treated areas at the time of wheat sowing Parallel exammations of samples from the areas watered with artificial rain and from non-watered areas were carmiddot ried out
In all samples of soil (taken from the depth of 0-45 em) were found lindane residues in the amounth not exceeding 50 ppb The COIIlmiddot
tent of lindane found iln all analysed plant partJS were far below the allowed amounts acoording to Yugoslav regulations
94 Zastita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 83-94 (1980) Beograd
RESISTANCE AS A FACTOR IN THE CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
HARMFUL ORGANISMS
M Sesto~ I Perle R Kljaj~ Faculty of Agrioulturo-Department for Pesticides Zemun
INEP - Department for pesticides Zernun
S middotummery
Knowing resistance to be a general biological phenomenon 41d A way of adapta~ian of living organisms to changed environmental conditions in respect to genesjs there are outstanding diferences between this occurrence and the so-called natural tolerance
Special attention is being paid to the resistance problem of insects mites and plant pathogenic fungi and tbe possibility of other harmful organslll5 deveshyloping resistance is being considered as well
It is being stressed that high res~stance is due to some genetic factors and that it may be monogenous po1igenous dominant and uessive Special attention is being paid to the occurrence of cross and muLti resistance to the factors which cause them and to their practical implications
Pointing out that the mecllanism of resistance has a dit-ect dependence on the acquaintance with the mechanism of pesticide action the processes of permeability middotreductioo detoxication increase affinity reduction of middotthe site of action to pesticide molecules and so on are being closely observed
There is a special stlCS6 being put on the future development of teSistanoe its implications (economic and other) and a concept with the aim of overcoming these occun-enoes is beini proposed while from the aspect of the entire problemconcerning resistance the possibilities of further promoting pesticide application are belng considered
94 Zastita bilja Vol 31(1) br 151 83-94 (1980) Beograd
RESISTANCE AS A FACTOR IN THE CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
HARMFUL ORGANISMS
M Sesto~ I Perle R Kljaj~ Faculty of Agrioulturo-Department for Pesticides Zemun
INEP - Department for pesticides Zernun
S middotummery
Knowing resistance to be a general biological phenomenon 41d A way of adapta~ian of living organisms to changed environmental conditions in respect to genesjs there are outstanding diferences between this occurrence and the so-called natural tolerance
Special attention is being paid to the resistance problem of insects mites and plant pathogenic fungi and tbe possibility of other harmful organslll5 deveshyloping resistance is being considered as well
It is being stressed that high res~stance is due to some genetic factors and that it may be monogenous po1igenous dominant and uessive Special attention is being paid to the occurrence of cross and muLti resistance to the factors which cause them and to their practical implications
Pointing out that the mecllanism of resistance has a dit-ect dependence on the acquaintance with the mechanism of pesticide action the processes of permeability middotreductioo detoxication increase affinity reduction of middotthe site of action to pesticide molecules and so on are being closely observed
There is a special stlCS6 being put on the future development of teSistanoe its implications (economic and other) and a concept with the aim of overcoming these occun-enoes is beini proposed while from the aspect of the entire problemconcerning resistance the possibilities of further promoting pesticide application are belng considered
