wtmif; (yavmif) vkyfief;tzJGŒ - Burma Librarybu)-red.pdf · wtmif; (yavmif) vkyfief;tzJGŒ wtmif;...

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wtmif; (yavmif) vkyfief;tzJGŒ

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wtmif; (yavmif) vkyfief;tzGJ@wtmif; (yavmif) vkyfief;tzGJ@wtmif; (yavmif) vkyfief;tzGJ@wtmif; (yavmif) vkyfief;tzGJ@wtmif; (yavmif) vkyfief;tzGJ@

wtmif;ausmif;om;ESifh vli,frsm;tpnf;t±kH; wtmif;ausmif;om;ESifh vli,frsm;tpnf;t±kH; wtmif;ausmif;om;ESifh vli,frsm;tpnf;t±kH; wtmif;ausmif;om;ESifh vli,frsm;tpnf;t±kH; wtmif;ausmif;om;ESifh vli,frsm;tpnf;t±kH; (TSYO)

yavmiftrsKd;orD;tpnf;t±kH; yavmiftrsKd;orD;tpnf;t±kH; yavmiftrsKd;orD;tpnf;t±kH; yavmiftrsKd;orD;tpnf;t±kH; yavmiftrsKd;orD;tpnf;t±kH; (PWO)

yavmifjynfe,f vGwfajrmufa&;wyfOD; yavmifjynfe,f vGwfajrmufa&;wyfOD; yavmifjynfe,f vGwfajrmufa&;wyfOD; yavmifjynfe,f vGwfajrmufa&;wyfOD; yavmifjynfe,f vGwfajrmufa&;wyfOD; (PSLF)

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4? jy\emajz&Sif;Edkifrnfh t}uHjyKcsufrsm; 11(u) a'ocHvufzufawmifol wtmif;jynfolrsm;(c) wtmif; (yavmif) trsKd;om;ygwD(*) ppfwyfvufatmufcH jrefrmtpdk;&(C) EdkifiHwumrdom;pkrsm;

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vufzufawmifol wtmif;jynfolvlxkwdk@onf 2011 ckESpf vufzuf&moDwGif vufzufaps;uGuf qdk;0g;pGm ysufpD;jcif;a=umifh }uD;rm;onfhpD;yGm;a&; t=uyftwnf;ESifh &ifqdkifae=u&ygonf? a&$zDOD;umvwGif vufzufaps;toifhwifh&Sd+yD; 0,f,lolrsm;&Sdaomfjim;vnf; wywfcef@t=umwGif vufzufaps;E_ef;rsm; w[kefxdk; usqif;vm+yD;/ 0,fvufrsm;vnf; enf;yg;vmygonf? aemufydkif;wGif vufzufaps;uGufysufcJh&+yD; vufzufvkyfief;rsm; &yfqdkif;&rnfh tajctaeESifh &ifqdkif}uHKawG@ae&ygonf?

a&$zDvufzuf&moDrSm waygif;vjynfhausmfrSpwifI uqkefvqef;xd wpfvausmf=umjrifh+yD; yavmifvlrsKd;wdk@. toufarG;0rf;a=umif;udk t"duaxmufyhHay;onfhvufzuf&moD jzpfayonf? vufzufvkyfief; vkyfudkif=uonfh wtmif;vlrsKd;wdk@onf&Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif; erfhqef/ refwkH/ erRwl/ ausmufrJtaemufzufjcrf;/ oDaygtaemufzufjcrf;/ erfhcrf;/ uGwfcdkif tp&Sdonfh+rdK@e,fwdk@wGif t"duaexdkif=uonf?vufzufvkyfief;jzifh t"dutoufarG;0rf;a=umif;jyK=uaom wtmif;vlOD;a&rSmpkpkaygif; ajcmufodef;ausmfcef@ &Sdygonf?

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vufzufjy\emESifh &ifqdkifae&aom yavmifvlrsdK;[email protected];udkppfwyfvufatmufcHtpdk;&ESifh a'owGif;&Sd EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;/ tjcm;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taejzifh rnfonfhulnDaxmufyhHr_r# jyKvkyfonfudk rawG@&Sd&ao;ay? xdk@a=umifhvufzufawmifol wtmif;vlrsdK;wdk@ &ifqdkif}uKHawG@ae&aom tcuftcJjy\emrsm;udk tm;vkH;od&Sdap+yD; 0dkif;0ef;ulnDajz&Sif;ay;&mwGif wpkHw&m tusdK;jyKEdkif&ef&nf&G,fcsufjzifh ,ckpmwrf;udk rdrdwdk@wtmif;(yavmif)tvkyftzGJ@rS a&;om;jyKpkwifjy&jcif; jzpfygonf?

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wtmif; (yavmif) vkyfief;tzJGŒ2? vufzufvkyfief;wGif &ifqdkif}uHKawG@ae&aom jy\emrsm;2? vufzufvkyfief;wGif &ifqdkif}uHKawG@ae&aom jy\emrsm;2? vufzufvkyfief;wGif &ifqdkif}uHKawG@ae&aom jy\emrsm;2? vufzufvkyfief;wGif &ifqdkif}uHKawG@ae&aom jy\emrsm;2? vufzufvkyfief;wGif &ifqdkif}uHKawG@ae&aom jy\emrsm;(u) vufzufaps;e_ef; tqrwefusqif;jcif;(u) vufzufaps;e_ef; tqrwefusqif;jcif;(u) vufzufaps;e_ef; tqrwefusqif;jcif;(u) vufzufaps;e_ef; tqrwefusqif;jcif;(u) vufzufaps;e_ef; tqrwefusqif;jcif;

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erfhcrf;+rdK@e,f. vufzufaps;E_ef;rSm a&$zDOD;umvwGif wpfyd\mv#if 3500usyfcef@&Sd+yD; o}uFefaemufydkif;wGif 1700 usyfcef@om &&Sdawmhonf? refwkH+rdK@e,f.,ckvuf&Sd vufzufaygufaps;rSm 1250 usyfcef@om&Sd+yD; ta&mif;t0,frsm;vnf;r&Sdoavmuf jzpfaeygonf?

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erfhqef+rdK@&Sd Adkvf}uD;oef;xGef;. wyfrawmftcsKdajcmuf vufzufpuf±kH (yavmifxdyfxm;)ESifh e*g;ysHvufzufpuf±kHwdk@rSm vufzuf&moDa&mufwdkif; erfhqef+rdK@&Sd vufzufukefonf rsm;udkac:,l+yD; vufzufaps;E_ef;rsm;udk pdwfwdkif;us owfrSwfavh&Sdygonf?tjcm;ukefonfrsm;uvnf; xdkowfrSwfxm;onfh aps;E_ef;twdkif;om a&mif;0,f=u&onf? erfhqef+rdK@e,f&Sd vufzufukefonf tao;pm;trsm;pkrSm a'ocHawmifolrsm;.vufzufudk0,f,l+yD; wyfrawmfESifh e*g;ysHpuf±kHwdk@wGif jyefvnfwifoGif;=u&onf?xdk@a=umifh erfhqefvufzufaps;uGufudk xdkolrsm;uom t"duxdef;csKyfxm;onf?

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pOf jrdK@e,f ypPnf;trsdK;trnf aps;ESKef; 1 erfhcrf; qef (wpftdwf) 26000-30000

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2 erfhqef qef (wpftdwf) 2400 (tnHhpm;) 2500-2600

(taumif;pm;) qD (wpfyd\m) 3600 qm; (wpfyd\m) 600 =uufoGefjzL (wpfyd\m) 2000 =uufoGefeD (wpfyd\m) 2200

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xdk@a=umifh vufzuf&GufEkxGufcsdefwGif vltiftm; tvkH;t&if;jzifh tcsdefrSDcl;EdkifrSom t±_H;rS±kef;xGufEdkifrnf jzpfonf? tvkyform;rsm;udk jrefrmjynftv,fydkif;+rdK@rsm;jzpfaom rkH&Gm/ jrif;+cH/ rEœav;/ yckuUL/ +rdKif/ ausmufqnfESifh wtmif;a'otwGif;&Sdvufzuftenf;i,fomxGufaom uGwfcd kifESif h erRwljrdK@rsm;wGif ac:,l=uonf?vufzuf&moD ra&mufrSDtcsdefwGif tvkyform;rsm; ac:,lEdkif&eftwGuf }udKwifaiGrsm;ay;=u&onf? }udKwifaiGrsm;twGuf rdrdwdk@vuf0,fxm;r_r&Sdv#if a&$ypPnf;rsm;aygifjcif;/twdk;aiGacs;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyf+yD; aiG&Sm&onf?

2011 ckESpf/ rwfv 'kwd,ywfrSpwifI &Srf;jynfwyfrawmfESifh [email protected] wtmif;a'otxd us,fjyef@vmaoma=umifh tvkyform;trsm;pku rdrdwdk@ae&yfodk@jyefoGm;=uouJhodk@ a'ocHvlxkrsm;vnf; vufzufrcl;EdkifbJ ppfajy;ae=u&onf?xdk@a=umifh tvkyform;rsm; vkHavmufpGmr&&SdI vufzufnGef@rsm; &ifha&mf+yD; t±_H;ESifh&ifqdkifae=u&ygonf?

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vufzufrsm;&ifha&mf+yD; 0,f,lolr&Sdaomtcg vufzuf+cHydkif&Sifrsm;onfvufzufyifrsm;udk ckwfypf=uavonf? vufzufyifckwfypfjcif;. tusKd;qufrSmaemufwpfESpfvufzuf&moDwGif vufzuftxGufE_ef; xuf0ufru usqif;jcif;/wcsKd@vufzufyifrsm; aoqkH;jcif;/ jyefvnf}uD;xGm;vm&ef tcsdef=umjrifhjcif; tp&Sdonfhjy\emrsm;ESifh &ifqdkif}uHKawG@&ygonf? aoqkH;oGm;aom tyifrsm;twGuf jyefvnftpm;xdk;pd kufysdK;rnfqdkv#if tenf;qkH;tcsdef(10)ESpf,l+yD; jyKpkysK d;axmif&onf? wcsKd@vufzuf+cHydkif&Sifrsm;onf vufzufvkyfief;udk pdwf"mwfus+yD; aps;aygaygjzifh ydkufqH&SdolxHa&mif;=u&ygonf?

vufzufvkyfief;onf ESpfpOfESpfwdkif; ykHrSefvkyfaqmifae&aom vkyfief;wpfckjzpfonf? tu,fI (1)ESpf/ (2)ESpf rvkyfbJ ypfxm;v#if ykHrSeftxGufE_ef; jyefvnf&&Sdzdk@&eftwGuf tenf;qkH; tcsdef(3)ESpf,l+yD; jyefvnfrGef;rH&onfhvkyfief;rsm; jyKvkyf&ygonf?vufzufvkyfief;udk ,ckESpfuJhodk@yif qufvufypfxm;rnfqdkv#if wtmif;vlrsKd;wdk@.

3? aemufqufwGJtusKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;3? aemufqufwGJtusKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;3? aemufqufwGJtusKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;3? aemufqufwGJtusKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;3? aemufqufwGJtusKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;

(u) vufzufvkyfief;tay: qdk;usKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;(u) vufzufvkyfief;tay: qdk;usKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;(u) vufzufvkyfief;tay: qdk;usKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;(u) vufzufvkyfief;tay: qdk;usKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;(u) vufzufvkyfief;tay: qdk;usKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;vufzuf+cHydkif&Sifrsm;onf tvkyform;vkHavmufpGmr&&Sdjcif;/ vufzufaps;E_ef;

tqrwefusqif;jcif;/ vufzuftxGufavsmhenf;jcif;/ vufzufvkyfief;twGuf }udKwifjyifqif &if;ESD;xm;onfh t&if;tESD;rsm;qkH;±_H;jcif; ponfwdk@a=umifh vufzufvkyfief;qufvufvkyfudkifEdkif&ef tcuftcJrsm; &ifqdkif}uKHawG@ae=u&ygonf? tvkyform;r&Sdjcif;/vufzufaps;usqif;jcif;wdk@a=umifh vufzuf&GufEkrsm;udkrcl;bJ ypfxm;&ojzifh vufzufrsm; &ifha&mf+yD; aemufvufzuf &moDrsm;wGifyg vufzuftxGufE_ef; avsmhenf;apygonf?

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(c) pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;/ ynma&;ESifh usef;rma&;tay: qdk;usKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;(c) pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;/ ynma&;ESifh usef;rma&;tay: qdk;usKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;(c) pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;/ ynma&;ESifh usef;rma&;tay: qdk;usKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;(c) pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;/ ynma&;ESifh usef;rma&;tay: qdk;usKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;(c) pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;/ ynma&;ESifh usef;rma&;tay: qdk;usKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;

vufzufaps;E_ef;rsm; tqrwefedrfhusaeaomfvnf; a'owGif;ukefaps;E_ef;rsm;rSm,cifESpfrsm;xuf ydkrdkjrifhrm;aeonfudk awG@&Sd&onf? vufzufaps;E_ef;usqif;+yD; qefr0,fpm;EdkifaomtcgwGif pyg;&SdolxHwGif twdk;jzifhacs;pm;v#if aemufwpfESpfwGif ESpfqjyefqyf&ygonf? wcsKd@aus;&Gmrsm;wGifrl xrif;oufoufyif rpm;EdkifawmhbJ ajymif;zl;/ z±kHoD;rsm;ESifh a&maESmpm;aomuf=uonfhtqifh jzpfaeay+yD? erfhqefESifh refwkH&Sd tcsKd@aus;&Gmrsm;wGifjrifhrm;onfhaps;E_ef;rsm;jzifh }udKwifqefrsm; rSm,lpm;okH;=u&+yD; a&$zDcsdefwGif ukefonfrsm;owfrSwfxm;onfh aps;E_ef;jzifhom jyefvnf;ay;qyf=u&ygonf?

“usaemfwdk@&GmrSmqdk&if xrif;oufoufawmifrpm;Edkifawmhbl;/ ajymif;eJ@yJa&m+yD; pm;ae&w,f? ta=uG;awGvnf; 0dkif;0dkif;vnfaewmbJ? qefpyg;&SdwJholawGqDu acs;pm;r,fqdkvnf; aemufESpfqdk&if ESpfqjyefqyf&w,f/ usaemfwdk@awmh t&rf;'kuQa&mufae+yD”[k refwkH+rdK@e,frS &Gmom;wpfOD;u ajymjycJhygonf?

vufzufaps;E_ef;tqrwefusqif;vmonfESifhtr# uav;rsm;. ynma&;twGufvnf; xdcdkufr_ ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmonf? ,ckvuf&Sd q,fwef;ausmif;om;wpfa,muf. ynmoifp&dwfonf &Spfodef;cef@&Sd+yD; abmf'gaqmifae ausmif;om;wpfOD;rSm tenf;qkH;q,fodef;0ef;usif ukefusygonf? rdbrsm;u uav;rsm;udk ukefusp&dwf jrifhrm;aomtpkd;&ausmif;rsm;wGif qufvufrxm;EdkifawmhbJ ukefusp&dwfenf;yg;aom jrefrmjynftv,fydkif; rEœav;/ jrif;+cH/ yckuUL/ ppfudkif;ESifh jrefrmjynfatmufydkif; &efukefESifh armfv+rdKif+rdK@rsm;&Sd bkef;}uD;ausmif;/ oDv&Sifausmif;rsm;wGif oGm;a&mufynmoif=um;aponf?wcsKd@rdbrsm;vnf; om;orD;rsm;udk ausmif;qufrxm;EdkifawmhonfhtqkH; ausmif;rSxGufIolwdk@ESifhtwl tvkyfvkyfaponf? om;orD;rsm;. ynma&;u ta&;}uD;rSef;odaomfvnf;vuf&Sd&ifqdkifae&aom pm;0wfaea&;tcuftcJa=umifh om;orD;rsm;. qENudkausmcdkif;+yD;0rf;pmtwGuf ±kef;uefae=u&ygonf?

“pD;yGm;a&;=uyfwnf;vdk@ usaemforD;udk ausmif;qufxm;zdk@ tcuftcJ}uHKae&ygw,f? 'ga=umifh jrefrmjynftv,fydkif;u oDv&Sifausmif;rSm oDv&Sif0wf+yD; ynmqufoifzdk@ vGwfvdkufwmvnf;/ qGrf;uGrf;rjynfhpHkwm/ oDv&Sifrsm;vdk@ taexdkif=uyfwnf;wmawGa=umifh tcuftcJrsm;pGmeJ@ &ifqdkifae&w,f? oDv&SifawG[m ynmoif=um;&csdefenf;+yD; qGrf;cHxGufcsdef ydkay;ae&w,f? tckorD;av;u vHk;0tqifrajyvdk@ rEœav;-wtmif;pmay,Ofaus;r_ tultnDeJ@ &Gmudkjyefajy;vm&w,f? usaemforD;vdk'kuQawG@olawG &GmrSmtrsm;}uD;yJjyefajy;vmw,f” [k erfhqef+rdK@e,frS aus;&Gmom;wOD;ajymjyygonf?

bdk;pOfabmifqufvufxuf tqufqufvkyfudkifvmcJh=uaom Tvufzufvkyfief;onfaps;uGufysufvyfonfh jy\ema=umifh wdrfaumoGm;rnfhtqifhxdyif a&mufoGm;Edkifonf?

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a'ocH vufzufawmifol wtmif;jynfolrsm;taejzifh -a'ocH vufzufawmifol wtmif;jynfolrsm;taejzifh -a'ocH vufzufawmifol wtmif;jynfolrsm;taejzifh -a'ocH vufzufawmifol wtmif;jynfolrsm;taejzifh -a'ocH vufzufawmifol wtmif;jynfolrsm;taejzifh -1) rd± d k;zvmvufzufvkyfief;udk a&&Snfvkyfudkifpm;aomufEdkif&eftwGuf

pkaygif;0dkif;0ef; xdef;odrf;umuG,fapmifha&SmufoGm;&ef?2) vufzufvkyfief;tay: vuf0g;}uD;tkyfcs,fvS,faeonfudk pkaygif;umuG,f

ajz&Sif;=u&ef?3) vufzufvkyfief;udk umuG,fxdef;odrf;Edkif&efESifh }uHKawG@vmaom tcuftcJ

jy\emrsm;udk 0dkif;0ef;ajz&Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf vufzufawmifoltzJG@ zJG@pnf;+yD; yl;aygif;vkyfaqmif=u&ef?

wtmif; (yavmif) trsKd;om;ygwD taejzifh -wtmif; (yavmif) trsKd;om;ygwD taejzifh -wtmif; (yavmif) trsKd;om;ygwD taejzifh -wtmif; (yavmif) trsKd;om;ygwD taejzifh -wtmif; (yavmif) trsKd;om;ygwD taejzifh -1) wtmif;jynfolvlxkrsm; vuf&Sd}uKHawG@ae&onfh vufzufvkyfief;

jy\emudk ulnDajz&Sif;ay;&ef?2) vufzufvkyfief;ESifh vufzufawmifolrsm;tm; umuG,fEdkifonfh Oya'a&;qJG

+yD; taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufoGm;&ef?

ppfwyfvufatmufcH jrefrmtpdk;& taejzifh -ppfwyfvufatmufcH jrefrmtpdk;& taejzifh -ppfwyfvufatmufcH jrefrmtpdk;& taejzifh -ppfwyfvufatmufcH jrefrmtpdk;& taejzifh -ppfwyfvufatmufcH jrefrmtpdk;& taejzifh -1) EdkifiH. pD;yGm;a&;rl0g'/ ay:vpDrsm;udk jyefvnfpDppfay;&ef?2) vGwfvyfaomaps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfudk zefwD;+yD; csKyfcs,fuef@owfr_rsm;udk

±kyfodrf;ay;&ef? vuf0g;}uD;tkyfaer_udk xdef;odrf;ajz&Sif;ay;&ef?

EdkifiHwumrdom;pkrsm; taejzifh -EdkifiHwumrdom;pkrsm; taejzifh -EdkifiHwumrdom;pkrsm; taejzifh -EdkifiHwumrdom;pkrsm; taejzifh -EdkifiHwumrdom;pkrsm; taejzifh -1) vufzufvkyfief;t=uyftwnf;a=umifh pm;0wfaea&;jy\emrsm;ESifh &ifqdkif

ae&aom wtmif;jynfolvlxkrsm;udk 0dkif;0ef;ulnDaxmufyHhay;&ef?wtmif; (yavmif)vkyfief;tzJG@

(TSYO,PWO,PSLF)

4? jy\emudk ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfh t}uHjyKcsufrsm;4? jy\emudk ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfh t}uHjyKcsufrsm;4? jy\emudk ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfh t}uHjyKcsufrsm;4? jy\emudk ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfh t}uHjyKcsufrsm;4? jy\emudk ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfh t}uHjyKcsufrsm;vufzufvkyfief;jzifh t"dutoufarG;0rf;a=umif;jyKaeaom vufzufawmifol

wtmif;rdbjynfolrsm; &ifqdkifae&aom tcuftcJrsm;rSm }uD;rm;=uyfwnf;vSojzifhtm;vHk;. wdusaomtultnDrsm;udk &&Sd&ef tvGefta&;}uD;ygonf? xdk@a=umifh twd'kuQa&mufaeaom vufzufawmifol wtmif;jynfolvlxkrsm; &ifqdkif}uHKawG@ae&onfh jy\emrsm; 0dkif;0ef;ajz&Sif;ulnDay;Edkif&eftwGuf atmufygt}uHjyKcsufrsm;udk awmif;qdkvdkufygonf?

vufzuf aps;E_ef;usqif;r_a=umifh usef;rma&;jy\emrsm;ESifh &ifqdkif}uHKawG@vmv#if ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfh enf;vrf;rsm; r&Sdoavmufenf;yg;avonf? aq;zdk;0g;crsm;twGufvufzuf+cHa&mif;&aom rdom;pkrsm;vnf; rsm;pGm&Sdygonf?

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