It is recommended that you have completed

at least two of the following stations before

working at this station.

-Read It!

-Explore It!

-Watch It!

-Research It!

Answer each of the task card questions on

the lab sheet in complete sentences.

Write It! Station Directions

Describe the three main

ways that volcanoes are

created.

Compare and contrast a

composite volcano and a

shield volcano.

How are plate boundaries

related to volcanoes?

It is recommended that you have completed

at least two of the following stations before

working at this station.

-Read It!

-Explore It!

-Watch It!

-Research It!

Each member will answer the questions from

the task cards on the lab sheet in the Assess

It! section.

Assess It! Station Directions

A. “Hot spots”, transform boundaries,

convergent boundaries

B. At all plate boundaries

C. “Hot spots”, divergent boundaries,

convergent boundaries

D. “Hot spots”, divergent boundaries,

transform boundaries

Which is true about shield volcanoes?

A. Gradual slope, relatively gentle eruptions

B. Steep slope, caldera present, violent

eruptions

C. Always form underneath the ocean

D. Always form on land

Which statement is incorrect?

A. Most volcanoes are found along plate

boundaries.

B. Volcanoes can form over a ‘hot spot’ in

the middle of a tectonic plate.

C. Volcanoes form when the weather

erodes out a cylinder on the top of a

mountain.

D. Volcanoes form near subduction zones.

What should #11 be labeled?

A. DikeB. SillC. Magma conduitD. Magma chamber

Where are volcanoes

generally formed?

Each member of the group will read the

passage and answer the questions from the

task cards on the lab sheet in the Read It!

section.

It is important to remember that the answers

will come directly from the reading passage.

Read It! Station Directions

Wh

ere

do

Vo

lca

no

es

Fo

rm?

The

re a

re t

hre

e m

ain

pla

ce

s w

he

re v

olc

an

oe

s o

rig

ina

te: h

ot

spo

ts, d

ive

rge

nt

pla

te b

ou

nd

arie

s (s

uc

h a

s rift

s a

nd

mid

-oc

ea

n

rid

ge

s), a

nd

co

nv

erg

en

t p

late

bo

un

da

rie

s (s

ub

du

ctio

n z

on

es)

.

The

orig

in o

f th

em

ag

ma

for

ho

t sp

ots

is n

ot

we

ll kn

ow

n. W

e d

o

kn

ow

th

at

the

ma

gm

a c

om

es

fro

m p

art

ial m

eltin

g w

ith

in t

he

up

pe

rm

an

tle

, p

rob

ab

ly fro

m d

ep

ths

no

t to

o m

uc

h g

rea

ter th

an

10

0 k

m. Th

e a

ctu

al s

ou

rce

of

the

he

at

tha

t c

au

ses

the

pa

rtia

l

me

ltin

g (

the

ac

tua

l ho

tsp

ot

itse

lf)

is a

lmo

st c

ert

ain

ly m

uc

h

de

ep

er th

an

th

at,

bu

t w

e r

ea

lly d

on

't k

no

w h

ow

de

ep

.

At

a d

ive

rge

nt

bo

un

da

ry, tw

o t

ec

ton

ic p

late

s a

re m

ov

ing

ap

art

.

Ma

gm

a t

ha

t is

ge

ne

rate

d in

th

e u

pp

er m

an

tle

flo

ws

up

wa

rd t

o

fill

in t

he

sp

ac

e. Th

is m

ag

ma

is p

rob

ab

ly g

en

era

ted

at

de

pth

s

tha

t a

re s

ha

llow

er

tha

n t

ho

se f

or

ho

tsp

ot

ma

gm

as.

Pe

op

le a

rgu

e a

bo

ut

wh

eth

er

the

ma

gm

a f

orc

ing

its

wa

y t

o t

he

surf

ac

e c

au

ses

the

pla

tes

to m

ov

e a

pa

rt o

r w

he

the

r th

e p

late

s

mo

ve

ap

art

, a

nd

th

e m

ag

ma

just

re

ac

ts t

o t

ha

t a

nd

fill

s in

th

e

spa

ce

. P

erh

ap

s it is

a c

om

bin

atio

n o

f th

ese

tw

o. Th

e m

ost

exte

nsi

ve

exa

mp

le o

f th

is t

yp

e o

f v

olc

an

ism

is t

he

syst

em

of

mid

-

oc

ea

n r

idg

es.

Co

ntin

en

tal e

xa

mp

les

inc

lud

e t

he

Ea

st A

fric

an

Rift,

the

We

st A

nta

rctic

Rift,

an

d t

he

Ba

sin

an

d R

an

ge

Pro

vin

ce

in t

he

sou

thw

est

ern

US.

The

fin

al m

ajo

r p

lac

e w

he

re v

olc

an

oe

s o

rig

ina

tes

is a

t

co

nv

erg

en

t b

ou

nd

arie

s (s

ub

du

ctio

n z

on

es)

--w

he

re a

n o

ce

an

ic

pla

te d

ive

s u

nd

er

eith

er

an

oth

er

oc

ea

nic

pla

te o

r p

erh

ap

s a

co

ntin

en

tal p

late

. T

he

un

de

rne

ath

pla

te b

eg

ins

to m

elt

be

ca

use

of

fric

tio

n. T

he

ma

gm

a, b

ec

au

se it

’s le

ss d

en

se, b

eg

ins

wo

rkin

g it

s w

ay t

o t

he

su

rfa

ce

. T

his

cre

ate

s v

olc

an

oe

s e

ith

er

in

the

oc

ea

n o

r o

n t

he

co

ntin

en

ts. T

he

Ca

sca

de

Vo

lca

no

es

in t

he

Pa

cific

NW

of

the

U.S

. a

re e

xa

mp

les

of

this

typ

e o

f v

olc

an

o. A

n

Isla

nd

Arc

of

vo

lca

no

es

ca

n f

orm

wh

en

tw

o o

ce

an

ic p

late

s

co

me

to

ge

the

r.

Wh

ere

do

Vo

lca

no

es

Fo

rm?

Ther

e ar

e th

ree

mai

n p

lace

s w

her

e vo

lcan

oes

fo

rm: h

ot

spo

ts,

div

erge

nt

pla

te b

ou

nd

arie

s (s

uch

as

rift

s an

d m

id-o

cean

rid

ges)

, an

d c

on

verg

ent

pla

te b

ou

nd

arie

s (s

ub

du

ctio

n z

on

es).

The

sou

rce

of

the

mag

ma

for

ho

t sp

ots

is n

ot

wel

l kn

ow

n.

We

do

kn

ow

th

at t

he

mag

ma

com

es f

rom

par

tly

mel

tin

g ro

ck w

ith

in t

he

up

per

man

tle.

Th

is is

pro

bab

ly f

rom

dep

ths

no

t m

uch

gre

ater

th

an 1

00

km

. H

ow

ever

, th

e ac

tual

ho

t sp

ot

goes

mu

ch d

eep

er

than

th

at.

Ho

tsp

ot

volc

ano

es f

orm

ed t

he

Haw

aiia

n Is

lan

ds.

At

a d

ive

rge

nt

bo

un

dar

y, t

wo

tec

ton

ic p

late

s ar

e m

ovi

ng

apar

t.

Mag

ma

that

is m

ade

in t

he

up

per

man

tle

flo

ws

up

war

d t

o f

ill in

th

e sp

ace.

Th

is m

agm

a is

pro

bab

ly m

ade

at d

epth

s th

at a

re lo

wer

th

an t

ho

se f

or

ho

tsp

ot

mag

mas

.

Peo

ple

dis

agre

e ab

ou

t w

het

her

th

e m

agm

a ca

use

s th

e p

late

s to

m

ove

ap

art

or

if t

he

pla

tes

mo

ve a

par

t fi

rst

and

th

e m

agm

a fi

lls in

th

e sp

ace.

Per

hap

s it

is a

mix

ture

of

thes

e tw

o. T

he

mo

st

wid

esp

read

exa

mp

le o

f th

is t

ype

of

volc

anis

m is

th

e sy

stem

of

mid

-oce

an r

idge

s. O

n la

nd

th

e Ea

st A

fric

an R

ift

is a

no

ther

ex

amp

le o

f d

iver

gen

t b

ou

nd

arie

s.

The

fin

al m

ajo

r p

lace

wh

ere

volc

ano

es o

rigi

nat

es is

at

con

verg

en

t b

ou

nd

arie

s(s

ub

du

ctio

n z

on

es).

Th

is is

wh

ere

an o

cean

ic p

late

d

ives

un

der

eit

her

an

oth

er o

cean

ic p

late

or

a co

nti

nen

tal p

late

. Th

e u

nd

ern

eath

pla

te b

egin

s to

mel

t b

ecau

se o

f fr

icti

on

. A

s a

resu

lt, t

he

mag

ma

beg

ins

wo

rkin

g it

s w

ay t

o t

he

surf

ace.

Th

is

crea

tes

volc

ano

es e

ith

er in

th

e o

cean

or

on

th

e co

nti

nen

ts.

The

Cas

cad

e V

olc

ano

es in

th

e Pa

cifi

c N

W o

f th

e U

.S. a

re e

xam

ple

s o

f th

is t

ype

of

volc

ano

. A

n Is

lan

d A

rc o

f vo

lcan

oes

can

fo

rm w

hen

tw

o o

cean

ic p

late

s co

me

toge

ther

.

Where would you least

likely find a new

volcano?

A. Mid-ocean ridge

B. “Hot spot” in Hawaii

C. The great plains in the middle

of the U.S.

D. Near a subduction zone in

Argentina

How do volcanoes

form near a

divergent boundary?

A. Magma fills in the gap where the plates

move apart

B. Magma is created by a subduction zone

C. Magma breaks through the tectonic

plate above a “hot spot”

D. Mountains erode away and create a

volcano

A _________________ is

formed when one

tectonic plate dives

underneath another one.

Which statement

can be concluded

after reading the passage?

A. There are many volcanoes formed near

plate boundaries.

B. Volcanoes are created by erosion and

weathering.

C. A convergent boundary must be present

to form a volcano.

A. Hot spot

B. Subduction zone

C. Rift valley

D. Divergent plate boundary

Each member of the group will go to the

website listed on task card #1

Complete the task cards in order.

Every student will answer the questions from

the task cards on the lab sheet in the Watch

It! section of the lab sheet.

Watch It! Station Directions

YouTube https://goo.gl/ohzZQv

Cloud https://goo.gl/nsXV72

URL is case-sensitive

What did scientists used to think

volcanoes were, and what do

they know now?

Why are most volcanoes found

along plate boundaries?

Compare the eruption of a

composite volcano to a shield

volcano.

1. Click Play on the video.

2. Answer questions from cards

#2-4 on your lab sheet.

YouTube

Each member of the group will go to the

website listed on task card #1

Complete the task cards in order.

Every student will answer the questions from

the task cards on the lab sheet in the

Research It! section.

Research It! Station Directions

1. Go to https://goo.gl/mdxAFr2. Answer the questions on your

lab sheet.

1. Each dot represents a

volcano. Make some

observations about the

volcanoes and their location

on the map.

2. Describe what a spreading

center is and how a volcano

forms there.

3. Describe what subduction is

and how a volcano forms

there.

1. Describe what a hot

spot is and how a

volcano forms there.

One member of the group will read the task

cards in order. The group will be responsible

for completing each of the tasks that are

being read.

Each member of the group will then write

their conclusions down on the lab sheet in

the Explore It! section.

Explore It! Station Directions

1. Looks at the images of the four

types of volcanoes.

2. Try to match the characteristics

cards to the correct volcano.

Composite/Stratovolcanoes A = 2Cinder Cone Volcano B = 1Shield Volcano C = 4

Lava Domes D = 3

Use the key to match the correct answers.

2. On your lab sheet, write down each of the volcano types along with the characteristics.

1. Take a minute to read through the names of each of the volcanoes and their characteristics.

2. On your lab sheet draw a picture of each of your models and label it.

1. Use the Play-Doh to make a a small model of each of the different types of volcanoes.

Simplest type of volcano, rarely rises above 1000 feet,

typically has a bowl-shaped crater at the top, found

in western North America

Some of the Earth’s grandest mountains, typically have steep sides and symmetrical cones, most have a crater and vent at

the summit, made up of alternating layers of lava and ash

Built almost entirely by fluid lava flows, typically has a

gentle slope, generally erupts slowly over a long

period of time

Formed be small, bulbous masses of lava too thick to flow a

great distance, lava piles around the vent, some domes form craggy knobs or spines over the volcanic vent

1

2

4

3

A

B

C

D

Each member of the group will draw a quick

sketch on the lab sheet the shows they

understand the concept that is being taught.

Use the colored pencils and markers that are

provided.

The directions for the sketch are provided on

the task card at the table.

Illustrate It! Station Directions

Draw a diagram of a volcano and label the

parts correctly. You may use the internet and

the accompanying diagram/keyword list as a

reference.

Illustrate It! Station Directions

Keyword List

- Lava Fountain

- Volcanic Ash

- Volcanic Bomb

- Magma Chamber

- Stratum

- Sill

- Magma Conduit

- Dike

- Ash Plum

- Lapilli

- Layers of lava and

ash

- Lava flow

It is recommended that you have completed at least twoof the following stations before working at this station.-Read It!-Explore It!-Watch It!-Research It!

Place the cards into three groups of four (similar characteristics).

Once complete have your teacher sign your lab sheet.

Please mix up the cards again before the next group arrives at this station.

Organize It! Station Directions