World Journal of Engineering - simdos.unud.ac.id

8/28/2020 WJERT | Editorial Board

http://wjert.org/home/editorial_board 1/7

(http://wjert.org/)

World Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (WJERT) has inde

World Journal of Engineering Research and Technology

An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Engineering Research and Technology

ISSN 2454-695X

Impact Factor : 5.924

ICV : 79.45

Login (http://wjert.org/) Register (http://wjert.org/home/register)

Fri, Aug 28, 2020 12:33:27 PM

Login

User Name

Enter Your Email

Password

Password

Forgot Password (http://wjert.org/home/forgot) Register (http://wjert.org/home/register)

Submit

News & Updation

Indexing

Indexing (http://wjert.org/home/indexing)

Article are invited for publication in WJERT Coming Issue

ICV

WJERT Rank with Index Copernicus Value 79.45 due to high reputation at International Level

New Issue Published

Its Our pleasure to inform you that, WJERT 1 July 2020 Issue has been Published, Kindly check iton http://wjert.org/home/current_issues

WJERT New Impact Factor

Editorial Board

Editor in Chief

http://wjert.org/

http://wjert.org/

http://wjert.org/home/register

http://wjert.org/home/forgot

http://wjert.org/home/register

http://wjert.org/home/indexing



Prof. Dr. Starodub, Nickolaj Fedorovich

National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine

Associate Editor

RN Dr. VLASTIMIL VYSKOČIL

Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic

Editorial Board Member

S.No. Name Email Address Country

1 Prof. Galal AliHassaan

[email protected] Department of Mechanical Design andProduction, Faculty of Engineering, CairoUniversity, Giza, Egypt

Egypt

2 Dr. Subha Ganguly [email protected] Associate Professor & Head, Department ofVeterinary Microbiology, ArawaliVeterinary College, Rajasthan

India

3 Dr. V.Ananthaswamy

[email protected] Assistant Professor, Department ofMathematics, The Madura College(Autonomous), Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

India

4 Prof. Dr. GulayOZKAN

[email protected] University of Ankara, Faculty ofEngineering, Department of ChemicalEngineering, Tandogan, 06100, Ankara,Turkey

Turkey

5 Prof. AmodPandurang Shrotri

[email protected] Associate Professor (Mech. Engg), P.V.P.I.T.Budhgaon, Sangli M.S. India

India

6 Prof. BashirAhmed Mir

[email protected] Department of Civil Engineering NationalInstitute of Technology Hazratbal, Srinagar–006, J&K, India

India

7 Dr. M.C. Raju [email protected] Associate Professor and Head, Departmentof Humanities and sciences, AnnamacharyaInstitute of Technology and Sciences(Autonomous), Rajampet - 516126Cuddapah district, A.P, India

India




8 Dr. E. KeshavaReddy

[email protected] Professor and Head, University College ofEngineering, JNTUA, Anantapur, (A.P.),INDIA

India

9 Dr. R. Rajkumar [email protected] Head of Department & Professor, SCOPE,VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu –632014, India

India

10 Dr. A. Sasi Kumar [email protected] Associate Professor, Department ofInformation Technology, School ofComputing Sciences, Vels University,Pallavaram, Chennai-600117, India

India

11 Dr. Eng. AhmedKadhim Hussein

[email protected] Assistant Professor, Department ofMechanical Engineering College ofEngineering, University of Babylon,Republic of Iraq

Iraq

12 Dr. (Cand) TeguhSugiarto

[email protected] Lecture at Universitas Budi Luhur andAAJ Jayabaya, Jakarta

Jakarta

13 Prof. AnnaD'Aponte

[email protected] Departiment of Civil EngineeringUniversity of Salerno, Via Giovanni PaoloII, 132 84084 - Fisciano (SA), Italy

Italy

14 Dr. S. R. BoselinPrabhu

[email protected] Assistant Professor in Electronics andCommunication Engineering, SVS Collegeof Engineering, Arasampalayam,Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

India

15 Dr. PrasanaKumar Mishra

[email protected] Associate Professor, P.G. Department ofMathematics, College of Engineering andTechnology Constituent College ofBijupatnaik University of Technology, NakaGate Kalinga Nagar , Khandagiri,Bhubaneswar -751029, Odisha, India

India

16 Dr. AbhijitChakraborty

[email protected] Principal TPI, Hoogly, West Bengal, India India

17 Dr. G.Sankaranarayanan

[email protected] Professor - Thermal ASTU, Adama,Ethiopia

Ethiopia

18 Prof. Dr. Eng.Hamid Ali AbedAL-Asadi

[email protected] Prof. in Computer and CommunicationNetwork Engineering Computer ScienceDepartment, Basra University, Basra,61004, Iraq

Iraq

19 Dr. RaffiMohammed

[email protected] Associate Professor Department ofMechanical Engineering RamachandraCollege of Engineering Eluru WestGodavari District Andhra Pradesh, India

India

20 Prof. Dr. ElsayedAhmed Elnashar

[email protected] Professor of Textiles & Apparel, Faculty ofSpecific Education, KafrelsheikhUniversity, Kafrelsheikh City, Egypt

Egypt

21 Dr. P. Sukumar [email protected] Professor, Department of Electronics andCommunication Engineering, NandhaEngineering College, Erode - PerunduraiMain Road, Tamilnadu, India - 638052

India

22 Dr. J. Thaarrini [email protected] Assistant Professor [Selection Grade],Department of Civil Engineering, PSGInstitute of Technology and AppliedResearch, Neelambur, Coimbatore-641062,India

India




23 Dr. KshitijShinghal

[email protected] Associate Professor & Dean Academics,Department of Electronics &Communication, MIT Mordabad UttarPradesh, India

India

24 Dr. AjenikokoGaniyu Adedayo

[email protected] Associate Professor of Power SystemsEngineering in the Department ofElectronic and Electrical Engineering ofLadoke Akintola University of Technology(LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Nigeria

25 Dr. DhananjayaReddy

[email protected] Assistant Prof. in Mathematics, Govt.Degree College, PUTTUR, Chittoor (Dt),Andhra Pradesh, India

India

26 Dr. Amit Kumar [email protected] Researcher with Department of ComputerScience, College of Information Science andTechnology, Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing, China

China

27 Dr. Tanvir Singh [email protected] Outreach Officer (Punjab, J&K) SpokenTutorial Project, IIT Bombay, Mumbai,India, MHRD, Govt. of India

India

28 Dr. Murat Yazici [email protected] Sr. Data Scientist & Big Data Architect,Uskudar, Istanbul, Uskudar

Istanbul

29 Dr. Srijit Biswas [email protected] Professor, Deptt. of Civil Engineering,Manav Rachna International University,Sec-43, Delhi-NCR, Faridabad, India

India

30 Dr. Sonia Vatta [email protected] AP, CSE & Coordinator PolytechnicUniversity School of Engineering andTechnology Rayat Bahra University,Mohali, India

India

31 Dr. Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari

[email protected] Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of CivilEngineering, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch,Islamic Azad University, University Blvd,Arqavanieh, Jey Street, P.O. Box:81595-158Isfahan, Iran

Iran

32 Prof. Dr. U. C. Jha [email protected] Professor, School of Mechanical Engg.,Lovely Professional University (LPU), India

India

33 Dr. N. Radhika [email protected] Associate Professor, Department ofMechanical Engineering, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham Coimbatore, India

India

34 Dr. LoredanaMariana Crengani?

[email protected] Lecturer, "Gheorghe Asachi" TechnicalUniversity of Ia?i, Bulevardul ProfesorDimitrie Mangeron 67, Ia?i 700050,Romania

Romania

35 Dr. N. S. Mohan [email protected] Professor, Department of Mechanical &Manufacturing Engineering, ManipalInstitute of Technology Manipal Academy ofHigher Education, Manipal-5776104 India

India

36 Dr. YousefDaradkeh

[email protected] Associate Professor, Assistant Dean forAdministrative Affairs Department ofComputer Engineering and NetworksPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University(PSAU) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)

Saudi Arabia(KSA)




37 Dr. Porag Kalita [email protected] HOD in Automobile EngineeringDepartment, M.R.S. Higher SecondarySchool, Vocational Education (+2), Govt. ofAssam, India

India

38 Dr. M. VarathaVijayan

[email protected] Principal, NOVA College of Engg. &Technology, JRG, AP, India

India

39 Dr. Tapobrata Dey [email protected] Associate Professor, Dept. of MechanicalEngg., D Y Patil College of Engineering,Akurdi, Pune 411044, India

India

40 Prof. AkshayKumar Saha

[email protected] Associate Professor at the School ofEngineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal,Durban, South Africa

SouthAfrica

41 Dr. VishnuNarayan Mishra

[email protected] Associate Professor of MathematicsDepartment of Mathematics, Indira GandhiNational Tribal University, Lalpur,Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh 484 887,India

India

42 Dr. MritunjayKumar Rai

[email protected] Professor in Lovely Professional University,India

India

43 Prof. Dr. MadhavPrasad Koirala

[email protected] Professor, Collage of Engineering, UnitedTechnical Collage, Bharatpur-11, Chitawan,Nepal

Nepal

44 Prof. Saad IssaSarsam

[email protected] Instructor, University of Baghdad, Iraq Iraq

45 Prof. Dr. GökselÖzkan

[email protected] Gazi University, Chemical EngineeringDep., Ankara, Turkey

Turkey

46 Dr. Hala Abu-El-Naga Hussein

[email protected] Chemical Researcher Refractories,Ceramics and Building, MaterialsDepartment Inorganic Chemical Industriesand Mineral Resources Division, NationalResearch Centre, El- Behoos St., Dokki,Giza, Egypt

Egypt

47 Dr. Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari

[email protected] Assistant Professor, Department of CivilEngineering, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch,Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

Iran

48 Dr. RashmiAgrawal

[email protected] Professor, Manav Rachna InternationalInstitute of Research and Studies, India

India

49 Dr. Uttam Khanal [email protected] Associate Prof., Dhunibeshi MultipleCampus, State Number Three, Nepal

Nepal

50 Dr. GulshanKumar

[email protected] Assistant Professor in Lovely ProfessionalUniversity, India

India

51 Dr. SharadGangele

[email protected] Professor, Department of ComputerScience, RKDF University, (Near RGPV),Near Gandhi Nagar, Airport Road, Bhopal(M.P.), India

India

52 Dr. Bitla HariPrasad

[email protected] Asst. Prof. of Mathematics, ChaitanyaGroup of Colleges (Autonomous),Hanamkonda-506 001, Telangana State,India

India




53 Dr. Mahdi Hosseini [email protected] Researcher, Department of CivilEngineering, Jawaharlal NehruTechnological University Hyderabad(JNTUH), India

India

54 Dr. Gulzar Ahmed [email protected] Assistant Professor, Deparment of TeacherEducation, Sheikh Ayyaz University,Shikarpur, Sindh, Pakistan

Pakistan

55 Dr. Rabiul Ahasan [email protected] Professor (Industrial Engineering), KingSaud University, PO Box-800, Riyadh-11421, Saudi Arabia

SaudiArabia

56 Dr. K. Sai Manoj [email protected] CEO of Amrita Sai Institute of Science andTechnology – Vijayawada, India

India

57 Dr. Shikha Thakur [email protected] Assistant Professor, Thakur College ofScience and Commerce, Mumbai,Maharashtra, India

India

58 Dr. Rosli Omar [email protected] Deputy Dean (Research and Post GraduateStudies), Malaysia

Malaysia

59 Dr. Mourad Hebali [email protected] Professor Assistant, University MustaphaSTAMBOULI Mascara, Mascara 29000,Algeria

Algeria

60 Dr. BindeshwarSingh

[email protected] Assistant Professor Department ofElectrical Engineering Kamla NehruInstitute of Technology (KNIT) Sultanpur-228118 (U. P.), India

India

61 Prof. Dr. Eng.Ahmed KadhimHussein

[email protected] Professor Department of MechanicalEngineering College of EngineeringUniversity of Babylon Republic of Iraq

Iraq

62 Dr. OsamahIbrahim Khalaf

[email protected] Professor in Al-Nahrain University, Iraq. Iraq

Advisory Board Member


1 Dr.AJENIKOKO,GaniyuAdedayo

[email protected] Department of Electronic and ElectricalEngineering, Ladoke Akintola University ofTechnology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Nigeria

2 Dr. DheerajNimawat

[email protected] Research Scholar, Department of MechanicalEngineering, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota,Rajasthan, India

India

3 Dr. M.Suresh [email protected] Assistant Professor in Kongu Engineering College,Erode, Tamil Nadu, India

India

4 Dr. A. DineshKumar

[email protected] Head & Assistant Professor, Department of Science& Humanities, Dhanalakshmi SrinivasanEngineering College, Perambalur, Tamilnadu, India

India

5 Prof.SuprakashMondal

[email protected] Assistant Professor of Mechanical EngineeringDepartment, Mallabhum Institute of Technology aDegree Engineering College, West Bengal, India

India

6 Prof.KulkarniSunil Jayant

[email protected] Assistant Professor in Datta Meghe College ofEngg. Airoli, India

India




7 Dr. SushanthK. J.

[email protected] Assistant Professor Dept., of Electronics andCommunication Engg., Bearys Institute ofTechnology, Mangalore, India

India

8 Eng. UrmilaS. Zope

[email protected] Teaching Basic Mechanical Engg. and Engineering-.Graphics I Subject and Conducting Practicals ofBME and for Engg Graphics Subject in AUTOCAD,Bharatividyapeeth, Pune, India

India

9 Eng. K. Balaji [email protected] Diploma Principal in VSM College of Engineeringin Andhra Pradesh, India

India

10 Dr. RahulSaha

[email protected] Assistant Professor, Lovely Professional University,Punjab, India

India

11 Dr. S.Kannadhasan

[email protected] Lecturer, Tamilnadu Polytechnic College, India India

12 Md. AbuSayid Mia

[email protected] Lecturer, Institute of Leather Engineering andTechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1209,Bangladesh

Bangladesh

13 Dr. ChristoAnanth

[email protected] Associate Professor, Lecturer and Faculty Advisor/Department of Electronics & CommunicationEngineering, Francis Xavier Engineering College,Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India

India

14 Dr. L.Matsyagiri

[email protected] Associate Professor, Swami Vivekananda Instituteof Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vangapally (V),Yadagirigutta (M), Nalgonda (D), Telangana-508286, India

India

15 Dr. AparnaGoyal

[email protected] Associate Professor, Amity Business School, FMS,Amity University, Noida, India

India

16 Prof. P.SooriyaNarayanan

[email protected] Assistant Professor, Department of CivilEngineering, SREC, CBE, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu641018, India

India

17 Engr. RufusOgbukaChime

[email protected] Chief Mechanical Engineer, Institute ofManagement and Technology Enugu, Nigeria

Nigeria

18 Ms. KanchanWagh

[email protected] Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electronics &Telecommunication, St.Vincent Pallotti College ofEngg. & Tech., Nagpur, India

India

19 Dr. P.NarasimhaReddy

[email protected] Structural Engineering (Civil engineeringDepartment), National Institute of Technology,Srinagar

Srinagar

Join As a Editorial Board Member

Download Form (http://wjert.org/pdf/editorial_form.pdf)

Powered By WJERT | All Right Reserved

Follow Us on :

http://wjert.org/pdf/editorial_form.pdf

8/28/2020 WJERT | ARCHIVE VIEW

http://wjert.org/home/archive_show/2020/38/VOLUME-6-MAY-ISSUE-3 1/7

2020 - VOLUME 6, MAY ISSUE 3

Original Article

OPTIMAL TRAFFIC SIGNAL TIMING USING GENETIC ALGORITHM CONSIDERING THE VEHICLEEMISSION ISSUE FOR A COMPLEX URBAN ROAD INTERSECTION

SOME COMPACTION STANDARDS AND QUALITY OF COMPACTED SOIL

HUMAN IMMUNODEFFICIENCY (HIV) – BLOOD INTERACTIONS: APPLICATION OF SESSILE DROPTECHNIQUES TO THE VERIFICATION OF NEGATIVE HAMAKER CONCEPT

THE IMPACT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY ON RICE PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABLE FOODSECURITY OF BAKALORI DAM IRRIGATION SITES IN ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA

THE ITERATION METHOD FOR STUDYING THE KLEIN-GORDON EQUATIONS

THE STUDY OF PETROLEUM COKE THERMAL STABILITY AND ITS FURTHER MODIFICATION –EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH AND MODELING

Do Van Manh* and Dinh Tuan Hai

ABSTRACT Article View (260) Article Download (74)

Abidemi O. Ilori*


Ozoihu E. M., Omenyi S. N. and R. O. Chime*


Ibrahim Maihaja* and Jibril Lawal


Ammarah Marriyam*, Mirza Naveed Jahngeer Baig, Nasir Khan, Babar Hussain, Maira Mukhlis, Muhammad ImranShahid


Felix Yu. Sharikov*, Leading Research Scientist and Yuri V. Sharikov Professor

http://wjert.org/home/article_abstract/842








http://wjert.org/download/article/38042020/1588148956.pdf















COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE REDUCIBILITY AND SWELLING OF ITAKPE AND AGBAJA IRON OREAND THE RESULTANT PELLETS

EXPANSION OF ACORUS CALAMUS L (NORMAL COW) PLANT AND ITS COMPOSITION, BIOLOGICALPROPERTIES AND APPLICATION IN MEDICINE

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FOR ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS SKELETON SYSTEMS IN THEMIDWEST

CARBOHYDRATE BASED OPTIMIZATION MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION USINGTRIPARTITE MIXTURE OF COWDUNG, PIGDUNG AND POULTRY DROPPING

TEST ON THIN RCC SLAB - BRICKWORK COMPOSITE LINTEL

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PROTOTYPE OF STEWART PLATFORM USING SIX DEGREE OFFREEDOM


Ocheri C.*, C. N. Mbah, Adams S. M. and Alabi O. O.


А. H. Islomov*, A. D Matchanov, O. O. Gaybullaeva, A. S. Ishmuratova, D. Maxmudova4 and Q. O. Komilov


Sherif Attallah*, Alexander Mitchell and Tamer Breakah


*Ejiko S. O., Filani A. O., Onibon G. L. and Olakolegan O. D.


Dr. N. Balasubramani*, S. Senthilkumar and M. Arulanandan


Shivam Chandra*, Ashish Chaudhary, Dipak Singh Bisht, Jagjeet Singh, Manoj Hans and Hina Akhtar































DIURNAL AND SEASONAL VARIATION OF WHISTLERS AT LOW LATITUDE GROUND STATION JAMMUAND RECORDING OF VLF HISS EMISSIONS

INTERVAL TRAINING OF 2 X 800 METERS BETTER THAN 4 X 400 METERS IN INCREASING PHYSICALFITNESS OF BPBD OFFICERS IN DENPASAR-BALI

VARIATIONS IN HORN TYPE, HORN ORIENTATION, AND COAT COLOR OF THE TARO WHITE CATTLE

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EXTERNALSELF CURING CONCRETE AND CONVENTIONAL CURINGCONCRETE USING DIFFERENT BINDING MATERIALS (OPC AND PPC)

AN M/M/C ENCOURAGED ARRIVAL FEEDBACK QUEUING MODEL WITH CUSTOMER IMPATIENCE

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A NETWORK SECURITY MODEL FOR DEPARTMENTS USINGTELNET

Dr. Rajou Kumar Pandita* and Prof. Farooq Ahmed Sofi


R. Ardy Ganggas* and Agustinus Dei


Ni Putu Sarini*, I. Ketut Puja, I. Wayan Suarna, I. Gusti Agung Arta Putra and Lindawati Doloksaribu


Dr. C. Rajasekaran and Ngirabakunzi Claver*


Bhupender Kumar Soma, Vivek Kumar Sharmab and Sunny Seth*c


*Nisarga Patil, Shambhavi Hiremath and Dr. S. V. Viraktamath




























A NEW DEFENSE MECHANISM AGAINST SMISHING ATTACKS USING GRAY WOLF OPTIMIZER

HYBRID ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMIZING PEAK TO AVERAGE POWER RATIO PERFORMANCE IN MIMO-OFDM SYSTEM

Case Report

CADASTRAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (CIS) – A VIABLE METHOD FOR HARNESSING THE ECONOMICINTEREST INHERENT IN LAND: A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL LOW COST HOUSING ESTATE, OYO,OYO STATE, NIGERIA

Review Article

OVERVIEW OF SOLAR TRACKING DEVICE AND DEVELOPMENT OF LIGHT POSITIONING DETECTOR

THE BIG POLLUTERS

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SELF CARE PACKAGE ON KNOWLEDGE ANDPRACTICE REGARDING REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AMONG FINAL YEAR FEMALE STUDENTS OF A.V.KDEGREE COLLEGE AT HASSAN

*Marwan H. Alsammarraie and Mohamad A. Alfayomi


*Agwah B. C., Nwabueze C. A. and Akaneme S. A.


OKEGBOLA Michael Oketunde*, AJISAFE Benjamin Ifedeji, OLAOSEGBA Solihu Olalekan, OYEYODE Ajiboye Oyesiji,OYEBANJI Sunday Tomiwa


*Ejiko S. O., Ogunlowo M. and Ukachi P. A.


Jan-Erik Lane*


Kalaivani D.*
























ANALYSIS OF POLYMER MODIFIED BITUMINOUS CONCRETE

A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME (PTP) INTERMS OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF IRON DEFICIENCYANEMIA AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS OF SELECTED ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOLS OFGANDHINAGAR, GUJARAT

FOSTERING CIVIC RESPONSIBILITIES THROUGH MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS

MANAGING NATURAL SAND DEFICIENCY

PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES TO PLANNING

BIT-ERROR RATE ANALYSIS OF OFDM-MC-CDMA SYSTEM UNDER AWGN AND RAYLEIGH FADINGCHANNEL


Divvela Hari Naga Satya Santhosh* and D. Jyothi Swarup


Bindi Patel*


*Dr. K. R. Subramanian


Dr. Balasubramani N.*, Ar. Vedhajanani B., Er. Shreeshakthi B.


Akue Leka-Oscar* and Udom Mina Elsie


*Krishankant Lodhi M. Tech Scholar, Asst. Prof. Naveen Khare































A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF CHAOTIC PROCESSES IN A BOOST CONVERTER: GENERATION ANDSYNCHRONIZATION

LITERATURE SURVEY ON POLLUTANTS DETECTED IN SEA WATER DURING REHABILATION

AN IMPLEMENTATION OF PROTOTYPE TO ANALYZE CLINICAL EXOME SEQUENCE FOR CANCERPREDICTION USING PYTHON

DIABETES GOES DIGITAL WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND BIG DATA

CHIRPED AND DIPOLE SOLITON IN NONLINEAR NEGATIVE-INDEX MATERIAL

RISK ASSOCIATED WITH ONLINE TEACHING – AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

Yuval Beck and Yefim Berkovich*


*Hema R. and Sundararajan M.


Dr. Krupa Mehta*, Dr. Devarshi Mehta, Dr. Rakesh Rawal, Dr. Maulik Patel and Dr. Vishal Dahiya


Dr. Manish Rajak*, Suraj Madhavan and Sneha Raje


Shazia Perveen*, Muhammad Kamran*, Rukhsana Ahmed, Maira Mukhlis, Ammarah Marriyam and Muhammad AamirHayat


Dr. D. S. Chaubey and *Dr. K. R. Subramanian




























FRACTIONAL HARDY-TYPE INEQUALITIES

DESIGN AND PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT OF DIDACTIC HYDRAULIC PANEL TO BE USED INRWANDA TVET SCHOOLS

REVIEW ON DESIGN CODES AND PROVISIONS RELATED TO PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE

Muhammad Aamir Hayat*, Mirza Naveed Jahangeer Baig, Huma Khalid, Noman Baig, Muhammad Zaman, MuhammadAazam and Rukhsana Ahmed


Jean Pierre Twajamahoro*, Emmanuel Mudaheranwa and Dr. Kayibanda Vénant


Sanjeev Bhatta*, Yang Jian, and Qing-Feng Liu


Powered By WJERT | All Right Reserved

Follow Us on :













Sarini et al. World Journal of Engineering Research and Technology

www.wjert.org

466

VARIATIONS IN HORN TYPE, HORN ORIENTATION, AND COAT

COLOR OF THE TARO WHITE CATTLE

Ni Putu Sarini1*, I. Ketut Puja

2, I. Wayan Suarna

3, I. Gusti Agung Arta Putra

4 and

Lindawati Doloksaribu5

1Breeding and Bio molecular Lab., Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Udayana University, Bali

Indonesia.

2Veterinary Genetics and Reproduction Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary

Medicine, Udayana University, Bali Indonesia.

3Tropical Forage Lab., Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Udayana University, Bali Indonesia

4Animal Anatomy and Physiology Lab., Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Udayana University,

Bali Indonesia.

5Dairy Science Lab., Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Udayana University, Bali Indonesia.

Article Received on 30/03/2020 Article Revised on 20/04/2020 Article Accepted on 10/05/2020

ABSTRACT

Taro white cattle is Bali germplasm, found only in Gianyar Regency,

Bali Province that has not much been identified. This study was

undertaken to identify variation of quantitative traits i.e. coat color,

horn type and orientation, and their distributions in Taro white cattle

population. Physical assessment of 44 Taro white cattle consisted of

23 males and 21 females were photographed for their horn type and variation, and coat color

using digital camera. Data of the physical assessment were analysed by qualitative

description. Results of physical assessment revealed that there 8 variations of horn type i.e.

bajeg, pendang, cono, manggulgangsa, anoa, srinata, subeng, and asimetris where the first

five were similar to horn orientation of Bali cattle. Of the 23 males, the cono was found in 21

males (91%) and pedang was found in 2 males (9%). Of the 21 females, 7 horn types were

found i.e. 57% cono, 14% bajeg, 9% manggulgangsa, 5% anoa, 5% srinata, 5% subeng, and

5% asimetrical horns. Both females and males had more cono horns i.e. 57% and 91%,

respectively. All calves were born white coat color and it turned to be pinky white, ivory

wjert, 2020, Vol. 6, Issue 3, 466-478.

World Journal of Engineering Research and Technology

WJERT

www.wjert.org

ISSN 2454-695X Original Article

SJIF Impact Factor: 5.924

*Corresponding Author

Ni Putu Sarini

Breeding and Bio molecular

Lab., Faculty of Animal

Husbandry, Udayana

University, Bali Indonesia.


www.wjert.org

467

white and sudamala. Sudamala was only found in males but not all the males had sudamala.

The obtained results are considered as the first values to be published for the Taro white

cattle characteristic. In summary, Taro white cattle had 4 coat colors and 8 horn types where

5 of them were similar to the horn types of Bali cattle.

KEYWORDS: Taro white cattle, Bali germplasm, physical assessment, horn type, coat

color.

INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is rich in various animal and plant germplasms. Germplasm conservation is the

most successful method to conserve the genetic traits of endangered and commercially

valuable species (FAO, 2012). Challenges faced by germplasms or genetic sources in the

world particularly in Indonesia due to the increasing demand for livestock or livestock

products as increasing of human population while the total number of germplasms has been

gradually decreasing (FAO, 2012). The decreasing is caused by local breeds are crossed with

other breeds for increasing production reasons (Cardellino, 2006; Zhang et al., 2018).

Therefore, genetic sources or germplasms have to be managed well by characterizing them

(Dorji and Gyeltshen, 2014), where identification is the first step (Soro et al., 2015) to

identify the breeds and their performance in certain conditions. FAO (2012) convinced that

characterizing is important to identify genetic sources as well as to plan their rearing

management. Characterizing, inventarizing and monitoring of livestock genetic are important

management to ensure their sustainability (Mekonnen and Meseret, 2020).

Indonesia particularly Bali Province has been known having germplasms i.e. exotic Bali

cattle that has been maintained for their pure breed in Bali Province (Anonymous, 2004;

2017). However, it has not been known much about Bali germplasm of Taro white cattle that

are reared only in Taro Kaja Village, Tegallalang District of Gianyar Regency (Heryani et al.,

2016). Epigraphs revealed that the Taro white cattle were Siwa God’s transportation that was

brought by Markandeya Rsi from east. However, research had not revealed yet regarding

their original place and how the white cattle exist in Bali Province particularly in Taro

Village, Gianyar Regency. Although little information about the original place of Taro white

cattle, they are reared due to Balinese Hindu particularly society in Taro Village considered

that they are sacred and used in Bali Hindu ceremony.


www.wjert.org

468

In 1965, the numbers of Taro white cattle population were more than 100 (Yasa et al, 2015).

Due to the land function has been changed, and less land was available for the Taro white

cattle; Taro villagers reared by tighing up them under trees. This rearing system, however,

reduced the number of Taro white cattle population to be 25 in 2011 (Suarna, 2014). Yasa et

al. (2015) reported that in 2014 Taro white cattle population was only 34 consisted of 16

males, 12 productive females, 3 male and 3 female calves and then in 2017, their population

increased to be 51.

Taro white cattle had unique genetic potential that although they were in critical number of

population, they survived in limited environment (Heryani et al., 2016). In critical number of

population and in limited environment, animals were involved in inbreeding. Peacock, 1996;

Jansen and Burg, 2004 also reported that small flock sizes of small ruminants may lead to

inbreeding, particularly when the numbers of productive males were small, had high

dominance order, or the males were used for a long time. This inbreeding system caused

population or breed lost their heterozigosity and then the breed’s characteristic changed

(Gwaza et al., 2018). Qualitative characteristic known also affected by the presence of

genetic dilusive through the unmanaged crossbreeding and the high level of inbreeding

system thus increased allelic frequency differensiation and genetic divergency (Gwaza and

Momoh, 2016).

Morphological characteristic of Taro white cattle showed the body size that was similar to of

the Bali cattle i.e. the body length, body weigth, chest width, chest diameter, hip height, head

length and head width that were different between male and female of Taro white cattle.

Some of morphological characters of Taro white cattle were smaller compared to Bali cattle

particularly in body length and height of withers (Heryani et al., 2016).

Qualitative characters can be used to classify and indentify animal population (Chamdi, 2005;

Utomo et al. 2012). Variation in characteristic observed such as coat color, face profile, and horn

type and horn orientation helped in interspesiphic variation among breeds in animal population

(Salako, 2013). Little has been reported regarding phenotific characteristic of Taro white cattle;

however, there is no doubt about the Taro white cattle population that had experienced the

environmental stress and so had decreased their critical number of population. The objective

of this study was to analyse the variations of qualitative traits i.e. coat color, horn type, horn

orientation and their distribution in the 23 male and 21 female Taro white cattle population

conserved in Taro Village in 2020.


www.wjert.org

469

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Study sites

This study was conducted in Taro white cattle conservation under the supervision of

''Yayasan Lembu Putih Taro'', non profited institution in Taro Kaja Village, Tegallalang

District, and Gianyar Regency. Taro Village is situated between 8019

’4

” to 8

029

’38

” south and

115015

’18.8

” to 115

019

’40.8

” east in height from 600 – 750 m a.s.l. Taro Village experiences

arrange of temperatures between 19 and 27.50C, relative humidity of 67%, annual average

rainfall of 959.2 mm and average wind velocity of 3 to 9 knots (Bali Meteorology Biro 2019)

(www.bmkg.go.id, ok).

Experimental animals and their management

Twenty three male and twenty one female Taro white cattle that are reared intensively in

colony houses and fed with grasses twice daily were used in this study. Data collection was

conducted in February to March 2020. During data collection, the total population of Taro

white cattle was 59 consisted of 29 males and 30 females. Of the 59 Taro white cattle, 8

newly born calves had I0, 9 cattle had I1, 7 cattle had I2, 9 cattle had I3, and 26 cattle had I4.

Regular visiting for health check up was done by a vet.

Experimental procedure and materials used

Parameters measured

Physical assessment of body coat color, horn type, and horn orientation of individuals were

taken using digital camera and their distributions were assessed. Orientation and horn type of

Bali cattle studied by Batan (2002), Ris et al. (2012) and Nealma et al. (2014) were used as

guidance in this study. Horns were observed carefully and then categorised by type and

orientation. The presence of coat color, horn type and horn orientation was calculated for

both in male and female Taro white cattle.

Data collection and analysis

Data collection i.e. type and orientation of horn and coat color were analysed by

qualitative description and the presence of the data collection was calculated in

percentage based on their frequency distribution. Results are presented in figures and

tables.

http://www.bmkg.go.id/


www.wjert.org

470

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This study revealed that both the 23 male and 21 female Taro white cattle have horns. The

Taro white calves grow horns at the first time at 3 to 4 months; however, the horns in females

grow slower than of those of male. In general, the Taro white cattle have warp and straight

horn orientations as the Bali cattle do. This result was confirmed by Iype et al. (2016) and

Jain et al. (2018) who reported that Bali cattle have warp and straight horn orientations. The

horn orientation in Taro white cattle is unique. The Balinese named the horn orientations

based on the tools or equipments that were used daily. For instance, when the orientation is

straight and it looks like a gender (Balinese traditional music instrument) beater, therefore,

they named its orientation as manggulgangsa. Results showed 8 horn orientations in 23 male

and 21 female Taro white cattle conserved in Taro Village in 2020 (Table 1) that three of

them were straight pendang, straight cono and straight anoa, while the rest five were warp

bajeg, warp mangulgangsa, warp srinata, warp subeng and warp asymmetric. This result was

supported by Batan (2002); Ris et al. (2012) and Nealma et al. (2014) who observed that horn

orientations in Taro white cattle are similar to those of Bali cattle. Unlike the Bali cattle,

both the male and female Taro white cattle did not have congklok horn warp orientation

(Table 1).

Table 1: Horn type and horn orientation were in 23 male and 21 female Taro white

cattle conserved in Taro Village in 2020.

Horn type Horn orientation Total

population Percentage

Pendang Type of horn that grows relatively straight to other

side 2 4.5

Cono Type of horn grows straightly toward backside of

head. 33 75.0

Anoa Type of horn that grows straight toward upside

without warps. 1 2.3

Bajeg Type of horn that grows towards upside and then

warps toward inside 3 6.8

Manggulgangsa

Type of horn that grows linear with forehead

toward backside, warps toward downside and its

tip grows toward inside.

2 4.5

Srinata Its warp orientation is similar to the jewellery that

commonly used on the Balinese bride’s forehead 1 2.3

Subeng Its warp orientation is similar to Balinese dancers’

earrings 1 2.3

asymmetric Type of horn that its orientation is different from

the six types of horn above. 1 2.3

Total 44 100.0


www.wjert.org

471

A B C

D E

Fig. 1: Horn type in 23 male and 21 female Taro white cattle conserved in Taro Village

in 2020. A. Pendang; B. Bajeg; C.Anoa; D. Manggulgangsa; E. Cono.

A. Srinata B. Subeng C. Asimetris

Fig 2: The differences of horn types: Srinata (A), Subeng (B), and Asimetris (C) in 23

male and 21 female Taro white cattle conserved in Taro Village in 2020.

Beside all the horn type and orientation mentioned above, this study revealed other horn type

and horn orientation that had never been reported found in Bali cattle (Fig. 2). Its warp

orientation is similar to the jewellery that commonly used on the Balinese bride’s forehead,

so Balinese named its orientation as srinata. Another orientation looks alike subeng (Balinese

dancers’ earrings) and named its orientation as subeng. Another else orientation looks alike


www.wjert.org

472

asymmetric where their left and right side horn grew differently in size and form where in

Bali cattle this asymmetrical horns considered as abnormal (Nealma et al., 2014).

This result revealed that not all type and orientation found in male Taro white cattle were also

found in females. In general, all the horn type and orientation in Taro white cattle were also

found in Bali cattle, although in Bali cattle the srinata, subeng and assymetric were

considered as abnormal. However, the horns in Taro white cattle had brighter than of Bali

cattle. The presence of horn type and horn orientations is presented in Table 2. Male Taro

white cattle had lesser horn type and horn orientation i.e. pendang and cono than female did

i.e. cono, anoa, bajeg, manggulgangsa, srinata, subeng and asymmetric. Both male and

female Taro white cattle had 47.7% and 27.3% cono, respectively (Table 2). This result also

revealed that Taro white cattle did not have congklok horns that are common found in Bali

Cattle. Bali cattle had congklok particularly in males that they look good smooth while in

female Bali cattle commonly had more manggulgangsa (Payne and Rollinson, 1973).

Variation of horn type and horn orientation of Taro white cattle is presented in Fig. 2 and the

presence of them is presented in Table 1.

Horn type and orientation are quantitative traits that are used to identify cattle breed. For

certain needs of the farmers, the horn type and orientation were always modified that started

modifiying in early as 3-4 months of age of the calves when their horns started growing. The

modification by tighing up the two horns for warp orientations. Tips of the two horns were

put closer and formed circle horns. The goal of modification was to present the special horn

orientation, and made it easier to identify the cattle by the owners as well as to protect the

cattle from endager other cattle or the owners. This result was supported by Terefe et al.

(2015) who reported that the horn modifications brought safetiness particularly when they

were milked the cows, blood taking, or gave medication. In Bali Province, Bali cattle

farmers had preferences of horn type and orientation and they usually had higher prices

particularly when the Bali cattle were used as sacred offering animal in Balinese Hindu

ceremony or Eid Qurban celebration by Muslims. This result was confirmed by Ries et al.

(2012) who reported that Muslims and Balinese Hindu preferred horned cattle particularly

male cattle and had higher prices.

This study revealed that the limited number of population of Taro white cattle population

conserved in Taro Village were not purchased but considered as sacred animals that have to

be treated as human beings and no horn selection system applied. This caused the Taro white


www.wjert.org

473

cattle generally had all the 8 horn types and orientations. However, this study did not reveal

other factors than sex affecting the horn type and orientation in Taro white cattle. Taro white

cattle had more cono both in male and female while Bali cattle had more congklok but was

not found in Taro white cattle.

Table 2: The presence of horn type and horn orientation in 23 male and 21 female Taro

white cattle conserved in Taro Village in 2020.

No. Variation on horn type Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)

1 Pendang 4.5 0.0 4.5

2 Cono 47.7 27.3 75.0

3 Anoa 0.0 2.3 2.3

4 Bajeg 0.0 6.8 6.8

5 Manggulgangsa 0.0 4.5 4.5

6 Srinata 0.0 2.3 2.3

7 Subeng 0.0 2.3 2.3

8 asymmetric 0.0 2.3 2.3

9 Congklok 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total 52.2 47.8 100.0

Fig. 3: Four variations in coat color i.e white, pinky white, ivory white and sudamala of

23 male and 21 female Taro white cattle conserved in Taro Village in 2020.

(PLEASE CHANGE THEM TO BE WHITE, PINKY WHITE, and IVORY WHITE, darling

jhegheg!!)

Fig. 3: Four variations in coat color i.e white, pinky white, ivory white and sudamala of 23

male and 21 female Taro white cattle conserved in Taro Village in 2020.

This study generated new important and detail information on four coat color variations i.e.

white, pinky white, ivory white and sudamala (Fig. 3). The presence of the color differences

particularly when the female and male Taro white cattle had sexual maturity when they were


www.wjert.org

474

aged of 8-9 months. During data collection, there were 8 newly born calves with white coat

color and all physical characteristic of them was recorded. This white color gradually

changed when they grew older and when they achieved sexual maturity their coat color

gradually changed to be ivory white, pinky white or sudamala. This study generated

important information that the coat color changes from clear white to be pinky white and

ivory white occurred in both sexes but the sudamala only occurred in male Taro white cattle

(Table 3). However, this study did not present how these color changes occurred.

The last coat color change is similar to the coat color change in Bali cattle. This result was

confirmed by Hardjosubroto and Astuti (1993); Hardjosubroto (1994) and Yuni Erlita (2016)

who reported that the terracotta red browny gradually changed to be black only occurred in

male Bali cattle that achieved their sexual maturity. The differences of coat color changes

between Taro white cattle and Bali cattle that these occurred only in male Bali cattle that

were not castrated; while not all male Taro white calves have sudamala when they achieved

their sexual maturity. The presence of sudamala in Taro white cattle population was 6.8% in

male Taro white cattle whereas no female Taro white cattle had sudamala. The common coat

color in both male and female Taro white cattle were 25.0% ivory white both for males and

females. Pinky white was found more in females i.e. 22.7% while in males was 20.5%.

Table 3: The presences of coat color in 23 mature male and 21 mature female Taro

white cattle that were conserved in Taro Village in 2020.

Variation of coat color Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)

Pinky white 20.5 22.7 43.2

Ivory white 25.0 25.0 50.0

Sudamala 6.8 0.0 6.8

Total 52.3 47.7 100.0

Coat color is exterior characteristic that is easy to be identified the cattle breeds. In the last

two centuries, some classifications have been improved to identify cattle breeds i.e. coat

color, horn size, scull type, and predicted original geographical sites, and their combinations.

Coat color and coat pattern are clear classification and identification of breeds even for non

scholar people. Charateristic in coat color was considered the pure genetic and relevant for

breed ''branding'' (Felius et al., 2011). Important role of coat color and coat pattern reflex in

some breed name and become key point for classification. For instance, Taro white cattle

have white color and originally came from Taro Village.


www.wjert.org

475

In general, coat color in cattle and all mammals occurred due to the presence or the absency

melanin in skin or body coat. Coat color in cattle is largely dictated by polimorfisme in

MC1R genes reseptor melanocortin 1 in cromosome βTA 18. Therefore, MC1R gene is the

major gene dictates coat color (Han et al., 2011; Benalcázar et al., 2014). In cattle, genes that

coded melanocortin 1 (MC1R) receptor had been known as the major identification between

two pigments of coat color i.e. eumelanine that has role for the presence of black pigment and

phaeomelanine that has role for the presenceof red pigment (Gutiérrez-Gil et al., 2007;

Dorshorst et al., 2015). The coat color expression was depended on the proportion of

eumelanine and pheomelanine, the synthesis of both pigments affected by MC1R genes that

stimulated hormones involving in skin and coat color regulations of mammals including

cattle (Lightner, 2008). The role of these genes was to control what type of melanine would

be produced. Mutation on MC1R genes had proven to affect coat color in some large

mammals, including some species of domestical mammals like cattle (Klungland et al., 1995

and Rees, 2000). Based on the coat color variation occurred in Taro white cattle, it is highly

required to do further tracking for identification variation of the MC1R gene.

SUMMARY

In summary, Taro white cattle revealed 4 coat colors and 8 horn types where 5 of them were

similar to the horn types of Bali cattle. Taro white cattle had 8 variations of horn type i.e.

bajeg, pendang, cono, manggulgangsa, anoa, srinata, subeng, and asimetris where the

first five were similar to horn orientation of Bali cattle. Female Taro white cattle had

bajeg, cono, manggulgangsa and anoa horn types, whereas males only had cono and pendang

ones. Taro white cattle also had srinata and subeng horn types that both are in Bali cattle

categorized as abnormal horn types. Both females and males had more cono horns i.e.

57% and 91%, respectively.

Coat color variations of Taro white cattle were pinky white, ivory white and sudamala.

Sudamala color was only found in male Taro white cattle but not all the males had sudamala.

The obtained results are considered as the first values to be published for the Taro white

cattle characteristic.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors gratefully acknowledge support by Yayasan Lembu Putih Taro and Dean of

Animal Husbandry Faculty of Udayana University, Bali Indonesia for their support and

facilities as well as to all friends who helped in data collection.


www.wjert.org

476

REFERENCES

1. Adryani, R., Suatha, I.K., dan I.W. Batan. Keragaman Silak Tanduk Bali cattle Jantan dan

Betina. Buletin Veteriner Udayana, 2012; 4(2): 87 – 93.

2. Anonymous. 2004. The promulgation of the Governor of Bali Province No. 45 year on

Bali cattle conservation The Governor of Bali Province, Denpasar, 2004.

3. Anonymous. 2017. The Governor of Bali Province's Decree No. 77 Year officially ruled

the Local rule No. 10 Year 2017 regarding Bali Cattle Management The Governor of

Bali Province, Denpasar, 2017.

4. Baker, C.M.A., and C. Maxwell. Population Genetics, Molecular Marker and Gene

Conservation of Bovine. In: Cattle Genetics Resources, Edited by C. G. Hickman.

Elsevier Science Publisher B.V. The Netherland, 1991.

5. Batan, I.W. “Bali cattle and Diseases” Denpasar. UPT. Universitas Udayana Press, Bali,

2002.

6. Benalcázar, M.E., Pagnuco, I.A., Comas, D.S., Corva, P.M., Meschino, G.J., Brun, M.,

and V.L. Ballarin. Classification of Cattle Coat Color Based on Genotype Using Pattern

Recognition Methods, 2014; 29-32.

7. Bo’do, S. Kerbau dalam Tradisi Orang Toraja. Pusat Kajian Indonesia Timur. Universitas

Hasanudin, Makassar, 2009.

8. Cardellino, R.A. Status of the World Livestock Genetic Resources: Preparation of The

First Report on The State of The World’s Animal Genetic Resources. In: RUANE. J. and

A. SONNINO (Eds). The Role of Biotechnology in Exploring and Protecting Agricultural

Genetic Resources. Food and Agriculture Organozation of the United Nations. Rome.

Italy, 2006; 3-9.

9. Chamdi, A.N. 'The Characteristics of Genetic Resource of Bali Cattle (Bos-bibos

banteng) and the Alternative of It's Conservation Methods', BIODIVERSITAS, 2005; 6(1):

70-5.

10. Darmadja, D. Setengah Abad Peternakan Sapi Tradisional dalam Ekosistem Pertanian di

Bali. Disertasi. Bandung: Universitas Padadjaran, 1980.

11. Ditjennak. 2008. Bali cattle. Edisi Februari 2008. Http//www.ditjennak.go.id/ t-

galerifotodetail. Tanggal Akses 27 Desember, 2019.

12. Dorji, N., and N. Gyeltshen. Morphometrc Variations Exist Among Native Cattle of

Bhutan. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 2014; 2(3): 224-227.

http://www.ditjennak.go.id/

http://www.ditjennak.go.id/


www.wjert.org

477

13. FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization. Phenotypic characterization of animal genetic

resources. FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines No. 11. Rome

http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/i2686e/i2686e00.pdf., 2012.

14. Forabosco, F., Groen, A.F., Bozzi, R., Van Arendonk, J.A.M., Filippini, F., Boettcher, P.,

and P. Bijma. Phenotypic relationships between longevity, type traits, and production in

Chianina beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 2004; 82: 1572–1580.

15. Gutiérrez-Gil, B., Wiener, P., and J.L. Williams. Genetic effects on coat colour in cattle:

dilution of eumelanin and phaeomelanin pigments in an F2-Backcross Charolais ×

Holstein population, BMC Genetics, 2007; 8: 56.

16. Gwaza, D.S., and O.M. Momoh. Endangered indigenous Cattle Breeds of Nigeria a case

for their conservation and management. World Scientific News, 2016; 30: 68-88.

17. Gwaza, D.S., Yahaya, M., and T. Ahemen. Variation and distribution of qualitative traits

of the savannah muturu on free range in the Benue trough of Nigerian. J Res Rep Genet,

2018; 2(1): 33-43.

18. Han, S.H., Cho, I.C., Kim, J.H., Ko, M.S., Kim, Y.H., Kim, E.Y., Park, S.P. and S.S. Lee.

Coat Color Patterns and Genotypes of Extension and Agouti in Hanwoo and Jeju Black

Cattle. Journal of Life Science, 2011; 21(4): 494-501.

19. Hardjosubroto, W. Aplikasi Pemuliabiakan Ternak di Lapangan. Jakarta: PT. Grasindo,

1994.

20. Heryani, L.G.S.S., Wandia, I.N., Suarna, I.W., and I.K. Puja IK. Morphometric

Characteristics of the Taro White Cattle in Bali. Global Veterinaria, 2016; 16(3): 215-

218.

21. Jansen, C., and K. Burg. Goat keeping in the tropics, 4th

edn, Agrodok Publications,,

Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2004.

22. Klungland, H., Vage, D.I., Gomez-Raya, L.S., Adalsteinsson, and S. Lien. The Role of

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH) Receptor in Bovine Coat Color Determination.

Mamm, Genome, 1995; 6: 636.

23. Lightner, J.K. Genetics of Coat Color I: The Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R). Answer

Research Journal, 2008; I: 109-116.

24. Mekonnen, T., and S. Meseret. Characterization of Begait cattle using morphometric and

qualitative traits in Western Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. Int. J. Livest. Prod., 2020; 11(1):

21-33.

25. Nealma, M., Batan, I.W., and I.K. Suatha. The abnormal curvature of horns in Bali cattle.

Indonesia Medicus Veterinus, 2014; 3(2): 120-133.

http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/i2686e/i2686e00.pdf


www.wjert.org

478

26. Olson, T.A. Genetic of Colour Variation. In Fries, R., and Ruvinsky, The genetic of

cattle. New York (US). CAB International, 1999; 33-53.

27. Peacock, C. Improving goat production in the tropics: a manual for development

workers, Improving goat production in the tropics: a manual for development workers,

1996.

28. Pradita, Y. Selling price based on characteristics buffalo Pudu’ (black) was brought into

the market of animal Bolu North Toraja Regency. Skripsi S1. Study Program of

Livestock Economic Social. Faculty of Animal Husbandry, The University of

Hasanuddin, Makassar, 2013.

29. Payne, W.J.A., and D.H.L. Rollinson. Bali Cattle. World Animal Review, 1973; 7: 13-21.

30. Rees, J.L. The melanocortin 1 reseptor (MC1R): more than just red hair. Pigment Cell

Res., 2000; 13: 135-140.

31. Salako, A.E. Genetic and phenotypic profiles of West African dwarf and Yankasa sheep

breeds in Nigeria. Int J Biodivers Conserv, 2013; 5(2): 47-53.

32. Soro, B., Sokouri, P.D., Dayol, G.K., N’guetta, A.S.P., and C.V. Yapi-Gnaoré.

Morphometric and physical characteristics of Baoulé cattle in the "Pays Lobi" of Côte

d’Ivoire. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2015; 27(7): 1-15.

33. Terefe, E., Dessie, T., Haile, A., Mulatu, W., and O. Mwai. On-farm phenotypic

characterization of Mursi cattle in its production environment in South Omo Zone,

Southwest Ethiopia. Animal Genetic Resources, 2015; 57: 15–24.

34. Utomo, B.N., Noor, R.R., Sumantri, C., Supriatna, I., Gunardi, E.D., and B. Tiesnamurti.

'The qualitative variation of Katingan cattle', JITV, 2012; 17(1): 1-12.

35. Warwick, E.J., Astuti, J.M., and W. Hardjosubroto. Pemuliaan Ternak (5th Ed.).

Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1995.

36. Yasa, I. M.R., Adijaya, I., and P.A.K. Wirawan. Potensi dan permasalahan

pengembangan sapi Taro (Sapi Bali putih) di Desa Taro Kabupaten Gianyar Bali.

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian, 2015; 425-431.

37. Zhang, M., Peng, W.F., Hu, X.J., Zhao, Y.X., Lv, F.H., and J. Yang. Global genomic

diversity and conservation priorities for domestic animals are associated with the

economies of their regions of origin. Scientific Reports, 2018; 8: 11677.

World Journal of Engineering - simdos.unud.ac.id

Documents

Transcript of World Journal of Engineering - simdos.unud.ac.id