Winter Production in High Tunnels - Purdue Agriculture Odonnell... · Winter Production in High...
48
Winter Production in High Tunnels Liz Maynard, Dept. of Hort and LA, Purdue Michael O’Donnell, Purdue Extension David Robb, Eden Prairie Farm January 12, 2017 Indiana Horticultural Congress 1
Transcript of Winter Production in High Tunnels - Purdue Agriculture Odonnell... · Winter Production in High...
Winter Production in High TunnelsLiz Maynard, Dept. of Hort and LA, PurdueMichael O’Donnell, Purdue ExtensionDavid Robb, Eden Prairie FarmJanuary 12, 2017 Indiana Horticultural Congress 1
FallandWinterVegetableProductioninProtectedStructures• CivilEatsarticle–
http://civileats.com/2017/01/03/winter-the-hottest-thing-in-farming/“Winter:TheHottestThinginFarming”Newtechnology—andgrowingdemandforlocalfood—ismakingwinterfarmingmorepossiblethanever
• Productionofcoolseason/coldhardycrops inlowtunnels,unheated(cold)andminimally-heated(cool)hightunnels,withstrategicuseofrowcovers.
FallandWinterVegetableProductioninProtectedStructures• Greatwaytodiversifyuseofexistingstructures.
• Greaterincomepotentialpersq ft withcoolseasoncrops?E.g.,MSUExtensionBulletinE-3112,ModelBusinessPlanforSeasonExtensionwithHoophouses
• Moreresources*availableasmoregrowersenterthisspace….andresearchersreact!
• Lotsofquestionsremain:bestpractices(timing,varieties),yieldpotential,financialbenchmarks
• And,eachfarmmicroclimateisunique(alongwithyourfoodshed’s markets).
• Babyleafgreens,Full-sizeleafvegetables,Headvegetables,Rootcrops
•
•
• http://www.timeanddate.com/sun/
•
•
•
So…..Whatcrops? Timingandplantingconsiderations?
DS9-1(Arugula)
10-28
DS10-10(Mizuna)
5
6
Taken1-27
7
+beet,carrot(butconsiderversusstoragecrop)8
Fall-winter production
•
• ShorterdaysandfewerGDDsandlesslightrequirelongerDTM(moreonthislater…)
•
• http://www.timeanddate.com/sun/
•
•
•
So…..Whatcrops? Timingandplantingconsiderations?
10Hartman, Ben. The Lean Farm. 2015. p.181
Fall-winter production
•
•
• Forcropsharvestedduring‘Persephone,’planforsequentialharvestofcropsthatreach~maturity/sizebystartof‘Persephone.’Continuewithsequentialplantingsthatwillresumegrowthas‘Persophone’ends(beingawareofcrophardiness).
• Sunrise-SunsetCalculatorhttp://www.timeanddate.com/sun/ E.g.,Muncie,Nov13– Jan28
• Resourcesexisttohelpwithscheduling– JSS,MSU,…andsoonfromPurdue
• But,keeprecordstoinformplantingsyeartoyear– woodstakes+waterproofmarkers!
•
So…..Whatcrops? Timingandplantingconsiderations?
MSUtable
12
BabyKaleinMuncieLast10-HourDay==Nov.13
S Seedlast weekSep.à firstweekOct.Kale(fullleaf)inMuncie
S StarttransplantsAug.1-15,TPSep.1-15weekSep.à firstweekOct.
JSSWinterGrowingGuide
Fall-winter production
•
•
•
• http://www.timeanddate.com/sun/
•
•
• Minimally-heatedhightunnels(keepingTmin >~27F)canresultinsignificantyieldincreaseandpermitgreatercropdiversityforDec-Febharvest
So…..Whatcrops? Timingandplantingconsiderations?
Coleman, Eliot. The Winter Harvest Handbook. 2009. p.11
Coleman, Eliot. The Winter Harvest Handbook. 2009. p.11
ClayBottomFarm– The“LeanFarm”
17
RiverRidge Farm– Atrue4seasonfarm!9/23
18
10/13
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
1-2-2017
28
TP11-2H12-22(ready)
TP10-26H12-14
TP12-22H??
29
30
Environment
StructureConsiderations– HighTunnels
Photo:RutgersUniv.EcoComplexPhoto:PetrusLangenhoven
32
SupportsnowloadShedsnowfromroofFrost-freewatersourceInternalrowcoverVentilationPossibly:
–Heatsource–Heatstorage
PolycoveringtrapsheatfromsunAirandsoilwarmup
ManagingEnvironment
35
Light=HeatHeatstorage=soilandsoilwaterHeatloss=• Convection(wind)• Radiation• Conduction(warmtouching
cold)
AtnightheatradiatesfromsoiltoairHeatislostthroughplastic
KeepingHeatInTunnel
36
Outercovering:Reduceslossofheatbyradiationandreduceswind• Airbetweenlayersofplasticinsulates• PlasticitselfisNOTagoodinsulatorRowCovers:Insulateandreducewindreducelossofheatbyconduction,convectionandradiation,increasinghumidityaroundcropHeatsinks:absorbheatandreleaseitslowly• Soil• Water Rowcoverinsidetunnelreducesheatloss
DatafromCB,2016
Air Temperature and Solar Radiation for a Week in February
2016Air temp in tunnels increases quickly when the sun comes out.
Air under row cover in tunnel
Air above row cover in tunnel
Air outside
RR_min_air-temp-vs-date-overlayRR_daily-radiation-and-DLI-graph Daily Solar Radiation and Light
Minimum temperature determineswhat will surviveUnder row cover 5-10°F warmer than above, 10–20°F warmer than outside
CB_Mnthly_GDD40
Ave.TemporGrowingDegreeDaysGrowingdegreedayaccumulationdetermineshowquicklyplantsgrow
(High+Low) – 40=GDD402
Example:[(60+26)/2]– 40=3GDD40
Yield of kale cultivar ‘Black Magic’ at RR.
EP DLI and SR
DailyLightIntegral(DLI)DLIbelow10:littleplantgrowth
CB
J F M A M J J A S O N D J
Hours of Daylight
10
12
14
DailyLightIntegral(DLI)DLI<10Mid-Nov.toEndofJan.
CorrespondstoDayslessthan10hours
Eden Prairie Farm
45
46
47
48
49
RecordkeepingIdeas
50
EDENPRAIRIEFARM,EDEN,IN
EDENPRAIRIEFARM,EDEN,IN
Recordkeeping Ideas
THANKYOUQuestions?Liz Maynard
Vegetable SpecialistDepartment of Horticulture &
Landscape ArchitecturePurdue University
Tel. [email protected]
54
Michael O’DonnellOrganic and
Diversified Ag EducatorPurdue Extension
Tel. [email protected]
David RobbOwner and FarmerEden Prairie FarmTel. 317-250-5105
This project was supported by a NCR SARE Partnership Grant through subaward H004403722 to Purdue University from USDA Award 2014-38640-22156 to the University of Minnesota. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the USDA or the U.S. Government.
