Towards a nonviolent civil defence : 5 Civil resistance against coup d'état
When finished with test Vocabulary: Estate Relics of feudalism Bourgeoisie Sans-culottes Faction...
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When finished with test
Vocabulary:
• Estate
• Relics of feudalism
• Bourgeoisie
• Sans-culottes
• Faction
• Elector
• Coup d'état
• Consulate
• Nationalism
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Warm up
• Why do we pay taxes? (Please write a response and be ready to answer if I call on you!)
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• Taxes pay for the government (Teachers, police, firefighters, Mayors, Roads, Public buildings)
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Chapter 18
The French Revolution and
Napoleon
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Section 1
The French Revolution Begins
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1789 – Important Year
• The Constitution of the United States ratified
• The beginning of the French revolution
• Causes– Sharp class divide– Absolutist monarchy– Economic crisis
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The Three Estates
• First Estate• Clergy• 130,000 people• Exempt from the taille
(tax)
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The Three Estates• The Second Estate• The Nobility• 350,000 people• Powerful positions in
church, government, military
• Exempt from taille (tax)
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The Three Estates• The Third Estate• Largest estate• Majority were
peasants• Skilled people –
craftsmen, shopkeepers
• Bourgeoisie – merchants, bankers, industrialists, lawyers, doctors
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Beginning of Revolution• The Estates-General• The National
Assembly• Tennis Court Oath,
June 1789• July 14, 1789 – The
Storming of the Bastille –(Pg. 546)
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The Declaration of the Rights of Man
• August 26, 1789 – adopted by National Assembly
• Ended exemption from taxes• Freedom of religion, press and equal rights
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The King’s Reaction• Louis XVI• Hiding in Versailles
for most early revolution
• Brought back to Paris by angry Parisian women
• Comes back to Paris with flour for hungry
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Europe’s Response• Prussia and
Austria threaten to invade
• France declares war in 1792
• The Paris Commune - radical
• The sans-culottes
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Radical Revolution and Reaction
Section 2
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What to do with the King?
• The Girondins
• The Mountains
• The Jacobins
• Louis XVI is beheaded, 1793
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Leaders of the Radical Revolution
• Georges Danton - Minister of Justice• Jean Paul Marat - author• Maximilian Robspierre – Head of the
Committee of Public Safety
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The Reign of Terror
• Revolutionary Courts• Approximately 40,000
executed/16,000 by guillotine
• The Republic of Virtue
• “Citizens”• De-Christianization• Subsides after death
of Robespierre
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The Directory
• National Convention reduces power of the Committee on Public Safety
• Established Constitution of 1795
• Council of 5, the Directory, Chosen to lead France as executives
• Corrupt and relied on military power.
• 1799 – coup d’etat – Napoleon comes to power.
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The Age of NapoleonSection 3
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Napoleon Bonaparte• Born in Corsica, 1769
• Distinguished military career
• General French army• Helped in the coup
d’etat to overthrow the Directory
• Consulate for Life, 1802
• Crowned Emperor in 1804
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The Napoleonic Code• PROS
• Single code of law, replaced 300 individual systems
• Right to choose an occupation
• Equality before law• Religious tolerance• Abolition of
Serfdom/Feudalism
• CONS• Outlawed trade
unions and strikes• Took away right of
divorce from women• Women were “less
equal” than men• Censorship
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Napoleon’s Bureaucracy
• Highly centralized government
• Promotions on ability, not name or birth
• Creation of new noble class
• Absolutist state
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Trafalgar• Continental System• Napoleon wants to
attack England• British navy engages
French and Spanish ships, at Trafalgar, 1805
• Admiral Nelson• French and Spanish
defeated
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Napoleon Invades Russia
• June 1812-600,000 French soldiers enter Russia
• Retreating Russian troops destroyed anything that could aide Napoleon
• Moscow
• “The Great Retreat”
• Napoleon loses over 560,000 men in this campaign
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Exiled to Elba• Empire collapses• Napoleon is captured• Exiled in 1814• Bourbon monarchy
briefly restored• Returns in March
1815.
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Waterloo
• Duke of Wellington• June 18, 1815• Napoleon exiled to St.
Helena• Dies in solitude
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Napoleon Bonaparte
• Positive Changes• Equality with one law
code• Brought peace to
France at first• Great General
• Negative policies• Military mistakes• Become tyrant• Over confident• Started war with other
countries
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Map Directions! Pg. 567Label (Color) the French empire, Dependent
states, States Allied with Napoleon, States Allied Against Napoleon
• Countries to label – Spain, United Kingdom, Russia, Portugal, Sweden, Austria, and Prussia
• Cities to Label – Paris, Madrid, Rome, Moscow
• Label, North, Baltic, Mediterranean, and Black seas
• On the back of the map Geography skills #1-2