What does PIC stand for?

The Post-Secondary Schooling and Labor Market Experiences

of Class of 2003 Boston Public High School

Graduates at the Time of the Winter/Spring

2004 Follow-Up Survey

…Combined with data on employment and

institutionalization outcomes for Boston’s Dropouts

Distribution of Class of 2003 Graduates by Gender, Race/Ethnic Group, and Type of High School

Group Number of Graduates Percent of Graduates

All 2,938 100.0Gender Men 1,282 44.0 Women 1,656 56.0

Race-Ethnic Group Asian 351 11.9 Black 1,465 49.9 Hispanic 589 20.0

White 533 18.1Type of SchoolExam School 772 26.3District/Magnet School 2,166 73.7

Percentage Distribution of Boston Public High School Graduates by Their Activity Status at the Time of the Follow-up Survey, Class

of 2003

Military1.3%

Jobless but Looking

6.3% Not Looking for Work

3.0%

School Training Only

38.8%

Work Only15.0%

School and Work35.5%

Percent of Class of 2003 Boston Public High School Graduates Who Were Attending Post-Secondary Education or a Training

Program at the Time of the Follow-up Survey

74.465.7

80.8

92.9

73.662.2

77.9

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

100.0

All Men Women Asian Black Hispanic White

Percent Distribution of Class of 2003 Boston Public High School Graduates Enrolled in Post-Secondary Education by

Two-Year/Four-Year College

30.5

63.0

37.0

56.7

26.5

66.8

16.1

82.0

38.3

54.2

45.741.0

12.3

82.2

0102030405060708090

All Men Women Asian Black Hispanic White

2-Yr.4-Yr.

Percent of Class of 2003 BPS Graduates Enrolled in Post-Secondary Education/Training by Full-Time/Part-Time Enrollment

Status

92.5

7.5

93.6

6.4

90.7

9.3

98.5

1.5

96.6

3.4

90.3

9.7

89.6

10.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

All Men Women Asian White Black Hispanic

Full-TimePart-Time

Comparisons of the College Attendance Rates of Class of 2003 Boston Public School Graduates With National Rates, Total and

by Gender and Race (College Attendance Rates Include Only Those Students Who Were Attending a 2 or 4 Year College)

68.963.961.4

61.2

74.466.5

91.384.1

67.4

58.353.5

58.6

75.5

65.0

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

100.0

All Men Women Asian Black Hispanic White

BostonU.S.

Trends in College Enrollment Rates for Boston Public High School Graduates, Classes of 1990 to 2003

74.0

68.169.8

68.967.4

65.6

68.066.0

63.062.0

66.064.064.0

5658606264666870727476

1990

1991

1992

1993

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Number of Male and Female Graduates from Boston Public High Schools, Classes of 1997 to 2003

Graduating Class

Female Male Females Per 100 Males

1997 1,453 1,217 119

1998 1,685 1,390 121

1999 1,670 1,321 126

2000 1,591 1,340 119

2001 1,708 1,153 113

2002 1,916 1,600 120

2003 1,656 1,282 129

Females Per 100 Males in Freshmen Class (1999), Graduates (2003), College Enrollees, and Enrolled in Four-Year College,

Class of 2003 BPS Graduates

92

129

166194

020406080

100120140160180200

FreshmenYear (1999)

Graduates(2003)

Enrolled inCollege

Enrolled inFour-Year

College

Females Per 100 Males Graduates from Class of 2003 Boston Public School, Total and by Race-Ethnic Group

129139 133 128

104

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

All Black Hispanic Asian White

Females Per 100 Males in Post-Secondary Education from Boston Public High School, Classes of 1998-2003

160

147145

138

150

163

125130135140145150155160165

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Females Per 100 Males Enrolled in Four-Year College from Class of 2003 Boston Public School, Total and by Race-Ethnic Group

192

144171

220

280

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

All White Asian Black Hispanic

Lifetime Earnings of 18-65 Years Old Men by Educational Attainment in Massachusetts, 2000 (18-22 Years Old Enrolled in

School Excluded

2,067,146

954,407

1,398,404

1,760,8791,810,425

2,791,945

3,441,866

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

All <12 or 12,No Diploma

12, Diplomaor

Equivalent

13-15Years

Assoc.Degree

BachelorsDegree

Master's orMore

Employment to Population Ratio of Boston Public High School, Classes of 1999-2003 (Military Included)

60.6 60.7

54.9

52.2 51.8

46.048.050.052.054.056.058.060.062.0

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Employment to Population Ratios of Class of 2003 BPS Graduates, Total and by Gender and Race-Ethnic Group

(Military Included)

51.8 52.4 51.445.8

50.8

60.0

49.4

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

All Men Women Asian Black Hispanic White

Employment to Population Ratios of Class of 2003 Graduates Boston Public High School Graduates Enrolled in College or Post-

0Secondary Training Institution, Total and by Gender and Race-Ethnic Group (Military Included)

47.8 48.7 46.5

56.4

47.344.2 44.2

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

All Women Men Hispanic Black White Asian

Employment to Population Ratios of Class of 2003 Graduates Boston Public High School Graduates Not Enrolled in College or

Post-Secondary Training Institution, Total and by Gender and Race-Ethnic Group (Military Included)

63.6 64.1

62.2

67.8 67.366.0

60.5

56.0

58.0

60.0

62.0

64.0

66.0

68.0

All Men Women White Asian Hispanic Black

Comparisons of Employment Rates of Class of 2003 Boston Public School Graduates with Those of Their U.S. Counterparts from the Class

of 2003 (Military Service Personal are Excluded from the Count of Employed in Both the City of Boston and the U.S.)

50.6

44.4

50.4

45.2

50.8

43.7

49.8

24.1

57.4

42.9

49 48.444.4

30.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

All Men Women Black Hispanic White Asian

BostonU.S.

Comparisons of E-P Ratio of Enrolled Class of 2003 Boston Public School Graduates with Those of Their U.S. Counterparts from the Class of 2003 (Military Service Personal are Excluded from the Count of Employed in

Both the City of Boston and the U.S.)

47.8

36.9

46.3

36.8

48.7

37.0

47.3

21.7

56.4

32.5

44.238.4

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

All Men Women Black Hispanic White

BostonU.S.

Comparisons of E-P Ratio of Not Enrolled Class of 2003 Boston Public School Graduates with Those of Their U.S. Counterparts from the Class

of 2003 (Military Service Personal are Excluded from the Count of Employed in Both the City of Boston and the U.S.)

58.757.858.1 58.659.6

56.9 56.9

27.5

65.9 66.9

59.057.7

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

All Men Women Black White Hispanic

BostonU.S.

Comparisons of E-P Ratio of Class of 2003 Boston Public School Graduates Not Enrolled in College with Those of Their U.S. Central City

Counterparts from the Class of 2003 (Military Service Personal are Excluded from the Count of Employed in Both the City of Boston and the

U.S.)

58.7

46.9

58.1

40.9

59.653.7

56.9

27.5

65.9 67.9

59.0

40.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

All Men Women Black White Hispanic

BostonU.S.

Employment in the teenage and young adult years is path dependent; those who work in time period t are more likely to work in year t + 1; “early work experience begets more work experience”; this holds true during the high school years as well as post-high school years

For the non-college bound, substantive early work experience in high school facilitates the transition to the world of work; national longitudinal evidence reveals that earnings impacts from senior year work experience has economic payoffs until the mid-20s

Earnings of Boston public school students during the last two years of high school have a strong independent influence on their annual earnings in the first two to three years following graduation

Jobs in high school with more paid hours per week, with opportunities to learn new skills, with closer ties to school-based learning, and with higher wages significantly raise wages of youth in the first few years following graduation

Why Should We Care About Improving Teen Employment Prospects?

Economically disadvantaged youth, both men and women, who work during high school are less likely to drop out of school than their counterparts who do not work; Black men with work hours in the 21-30 range were found to be more likely to graduate from high school and attend college than their peers with no paid work experience

Metropolitan areas with higher rates of employment for teen women are characterized by significantly lower teen pregnancy rates

States with higher employment rates for teens (16-19) in year t are found to have significantly higher employment rates for 20-24 year olds five years later. Each one percentage point increase in the teen E/P ratio will raise the expected E/P ratio for 20-24 year olds by somewhere between .4 and .5 percentage points five years later, holding state labor market conditions and the size of the 20-24 year old cohort constant

Number of Dropouts in Boston Public School, Selected Years, 1993-2003 (As Reported by BPS to DOE)

1,347 1,351 1,3501,227

1,5261,647

1,405

0200400600800

1,0001,2001,4001,6001,800

1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 2000 2003

Employment-Population Ratio of 16-24 Years Old Not Enrolled in School by Educational Attainment Level in Boston City, 2000

69.0

41.7

64.669.2

84.289.2 93.3

0102030405060708090

100

All Less than12 or 12,

NoDiploma

HSDiploma orEquivalent

SomeCollege

Asso.Degree

Bachelor'sDegree

Masters orHigher

Expected Lifetime Years in Poverty of 18-65 Years Old by Educational Attainment in Massachusetts, 2000

4

10

4

3 3 3

2

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

All Less than12 or 12,

NoDiploma

HSDiploma orEquivalent

SomeCollege

AssociateDegree

Bachelor'sDegree

Masters orHigher

Expected Lifetime Years with Low Income of 18-65 Years Old by Educational Attainment in Massachusetts, 2000

8

19

10

7 7

54

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

All Less than12 or 12,

NoDiploma

HSDiploma orEquivalent

SomeCollege

AssociateDegree

Bachelor'sDegree

Masters orHigher

Percent of 16-24 Years Old High School Dropouts Who Were Institutionalized at the Time of the 2000 Census, Total and by

Race-Ethnic Group, MA versus US

3.74.6

0.7 0.8

6.07.3

2.4 2.4 3.1 3.34.7

2.5

16.3

13.0

02468

1012141618

All Men White Black

MAUS

Percent of 16-24 Years Old Male High School Dropouts in Massachusetts Who Were Institutionalized at the Time of the 2000

Census, Total and by Race-Ethnic Group

6.0

25.8

6.44.8 3.9 3.7

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

All Black Asian White MixedRace

Hispanic

Number of 16-24 Year Old Institutionalized Group Quarters Population in Massachusetts by Educational Attainment Level, 2000

6,390

4,057

1,854

46118 0

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

All Less than12 or 12,

No Diploma

HSDiploma orEquivalent

SomeCollege

1-3 Yrs. OfCollege

Bachelor'sDegree

Percent of 16-24 Year Old Institutionalized Group Quarters Population in Massachusetts by Educational Attainment Level, 2000

0.9

2.6

1.2

0.20

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

HS Diploma orEquivalent

Some College 1-3 Yrs. OfCollege

Bachelor'sDegree

Masters orHigher

Percent of 18-24 Year Old Men in Institutionalized Group Quarters in Massachusetts by Educational Attainment Level, 2000

1.7

4.4

2.2

0.40 00.0

0.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5

All <12 or 12,No Diploma

HS Diplomaor

Equivalent

1-3 Yrs. OfCollege

Bachelor'sDegree

Masters orHigher