Wellhead - Xmas tree

Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved

Wellhead & X-mas Tree

Overview of Equipment

Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved 2

Tubing head and X-mas tree

Tubing head– Surface equipment from which the tubing is suspended

Xmas tree or valve array– Used to control well during production– Mounted above wellhead


Tubing Hanger/Xmas Tree Interface

Tubing hanger extends inside base of Xmas tree


Tubinghead Functions

Primary functions of tubinghead Suspend tubing with hanger Provide a hydraulic seal between tubing and annulus Provide access port(s) to annulus Provide mounting for Xmas tree


Xmas Trees

Primary flow control system for well once in production Features and access requirements

– Outflow from well - production– Inflow to well - injection or killing– Vertical access to tubing - wireline, etc.– Access for electrical cables or hydraulic conduits

• e.g. ESP or safety valve


Tubing Head & X-Mas Tree


Xmas Tree Components

Pressure gauges– allow well pressures to be monitored

Gauge flange or tree cap– provides seal for top of tree

Swab valve (lubricator valve)– isolate pressure, well access for intervention tools

Flow tee– used to direct flow, enable thru-tubing access

Production wing valve– used to isolate well for most routine operations


Xmas Tree Components

Kill wing valve– enables connection of pumping equipment

Choke– controls rate of flow from well

Master valves (main isolation valves)– Upper Master Valve (operational valve)– hydraulically controlled Surface Safety Valve – Lower Master Valve (back-up valve)– manually operated

Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved

FLOWLINE

ANNULUS LINE

SUMMARY OF ELECTRIC AND SLICKLINE JOBS


FLOWLINE

ANNULUS LINE

SUMMARY OF ELECTRIC AND SLICKLINE JOBS

WIRELINE BOP

CABLE

TOOL

GREASE TUBE

HYDRAULIC PACKOFF

WIRELINE UPPER SHEAVE

SHIFTING TOOL TOOPEN/CLOSE SLIDING SLEEVES (S)

AMERADA BOMB/THERMOMETER FOR PRESSURE/TEMP. PROFILES, MULTIRATE TESTS, PRESSURE BUILD UP TESTS (S)

THRU TUBING PERFORATING GUN (E)

PRODUCTION LOGGING TOOLS (E)

SETTING PLUGS, SAFETY VALES, GASLIFT VALVES, (S)

FLUID SAMPLER (S)

SAND BAILER (S)

PULLING TOOLS (S)

IMPRESSION BLOCK (S)

SCRAPERS (S)

TUBING CALIPER (S)

FISHING TOOLS (S)

E: ELETRICAL LINES: SLICK LINE

LUBRICATOR


Spool and Hanger

Thread for plug or check valve


Hangers for Dual Completion


Well cluster in shallow water


Categories of Xmas Tree

Flanged tree– Several flanged components (leak paths)– Much more common than monoblock design– More flexible than monoblock design– takes up more space (height)

Monoblock construction tree– Single block construction– Fewer possible leak paths– Used in high pressure/leak sensitive locations– More expensive than flanged tree


Flanged Xmas Tree

Tree cap and gauge

Swab valve

Production wing valve

Choke

Upper master valve(operational valve)

Lower master valve(back-up)

Kill valve or service valve with blank plate during normal service


Monoblock Xmas Tree

Comprises inline or "Y" shaped block of single casting/forging

Valving arrangement– Lower Master Valve (manual)– Upper Master Valve (Surface Safety Valve) – Y piece or side outlet flanges

• houses both production and kill wing valves– Uppermost valve (manual swab valve)


Monoblock Xmas Tree

Tree cap and gauge

Swab valve

Production wing valve

Upper Master Valve

Kill wing valve

Lower Master Valve


Well in Cellar


Tree hook-up


Multiple Completions

Cases where more than one completion string installed Each string independently suspended Must seal off tubing casing annulus

– either independently or collectively Independent control of fluid flow in each string


Multiple Completion Tree


Tree-Saver

Stroke lengthup to 5 ft

Rating15000 PSI

To protect X-mas tree against high pressures during frac jobs etc.

Seal element for hanger or tubing

Connection to x-mas tree

Wellhead - Xmas tree

Documents

Transcript of Wellhead - Xmas tree