Transformation of EnergyPart 1: The Flow of Energy

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Unit Essential Question: Why do things have energy?

Key Learning: Energy is all around us. Energy comes in different forms and can change from one form to another.

Concept: Energy of Motion (Part 1)

Concept: Energy Change (Part 1)

Concept: Thermal Energy and Heat (Part 2)

Concept: Energy from Waves (Part 3)

Lesson Essential Questions:

1. How is mechanical energy different from the other forms of energy?

2. In what ways is kinetic energy different from gravitational potential energy?

3. How are energy transfers and energy transformations alike and different?

Lesson Essential Questions:

1. How does the Law of Conservation of Energy impact the amount of energy that is available on our planet?

2. How do organisms obtain energy?

3. How can we trace the flow of energy from “beginning” to “end”?

4. How can energy chains help illustrate efficient consumption of energy?

Lesson Essential Questions:

1. How can you change the force of friction between two objects?

2. How is thermal energy different from heat and temperature?

3. What happens when an object gains or transfers heat?

4. How do radiation, conduction and convection transfer heat from one place to another?

Lesson Essential Questions:

1. Why are waves important?

2. How can you distinguish between a longitudinal and a transverse wave?

3. How are mechanical waves different from electromagnetic waves?

4. What is the significance of a wave’s frequency, amplitude, and wavelength?

Vocabulary:EnergyMechanical energy (ME)Kinetic energy (KE)Potential energy (PE)Gravitational Potential energy (GPE)Energy transferEnergy transformation

Vocabulary:Law of conservation of energyEnergy chain

Vocabulary:FrictionThermal energyHeatTemperatureRadiationConductionConvection

Vocabulary:WaveFrequencyAmplitudeWavelengthSound WavesMechanical waveTransverse waveLongitudinal waveElectromagnetic wave

Warm UpsDirections: Each warm up must be answered to receive credit. However, it is not graded on right or wrong, just whether your thinking is along the lines of what the question is asking.

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1. While watching the demolition derby video, think about the amount of energy that is present. What happens to the energy of the car that accelerates and then smashes into another car? Where does the energy go? Does it just disappear? (1 point)

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2. Using the results of our last investigation, how could you increase the amount of kinetic energy an object has? (1 point)

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3. A raindrop is formed in a cloud and falls to the ground. Describe the energy of the raindrop from just before it falls until it hits the ground. (1 point)

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4. Use two of the vocab words you have learned in Part 1 to write a brief summary of what you’ve learned so far. (2 points)

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Directions: Complete the following investigation. Answer all questions and parts of the investigation to receive full credit. Remember the safety rules and how to be good scientists. (30 Points)

INVESTIGATION #1: PASSING ENERGY ALONG

GOALS:: In this investigation, you will … • Recognize that energy can be transferred from one object to another. When

this transfer of energy takes place, the motion of both objects involved usually changes.

• Recognize that there are other forms of energy besides kinetic energy, and that energy can be easily transformed from one form to another form.

• Be introduced to process whereby the kinetic energy of objects can be transferred to the tiny particles that make up objects.

INVESTIGATION OVERVIEW:: A synopsis of this lesson is as follows… A ball is released from the top of a ramp. It rolls down the ramp onto a horizontal surface. The ball rolls into a partial cup, and pushes the cup a distance along the level surface that is measured and recorded. The height of the ramp is then increased and the exercise is repeated. You will need to take multiple measurements and calculate average values throughout the experiment. Links are made between how far the cup is pushed, how fast the ball was moving at the bottom of the ramp, and the release height of the ball. These observable quantities are used to describe the transfer of energy, and how energy is transformed from one form to another.

Question: (1 point)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Manipulated Variable (what we change): ______________________________(1 point)

Responding Variable (what changes when we change the Manipulated Variable):

__________________________________________(1 point)My Hypothesis (an answer to the question we are asking): _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(1 point)

Data Table: (1 point each completed row)

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SOLID BALL 1 block 2 blocks 3 blocks 4 blocks 5 blocks

Trial #1

Trial #2

Trial #3

Trial #4

Trial #5Average Distance the Cup TravelsAverage Speed

(Hollow ball and solid ball are the same)

HOLLOW BALL 1 block 2 blocks 3 blocks 4 blocks 5 blocks

Distance the Cup Travels

***You will graph average speed, average distance the cup travels for the solid ball, and distance the cup travels for the hollow ball (so, your graph should have three lines)

Graph: (10 points total)

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Analysis: (5 points total)

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1. How does the height of the ramp affect the speed of the ball when it reaches the bottom of the ramp? What evidence do you have to support your claim? (2 points)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Using your graph, how far would you predict the cup would slide if you raised the height of the ramp to six blocks and used the solid ball? (1 point)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. At the same ramp height, which has more gravitational potential energy, the solid ball or the hollow ball? What evidence is there to support your decision? (2 points)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Conclusion: Write a conclusion of the investigation. Include the procedure, whether your hypothesis was true or false (with evidence for support), and the results of your investigation with regards to our study of energy. (3 points)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Complete the following investigation. Answer all questions and parts of the investigation to receive full credit. (20 points)

INVESTIGATION #2: THE ENERGY OF PENDULUMS

GOALS: In this investigation, you will …7

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Use the concept of energy transformation to describe how the energy of a pendulum changes during each swing.

Use your knowledge of kinetic and potential energy to identify the different forms of energy of a pendulum and how each form changes in size during the swing of the pendulum

Use the Particle Model and the concept of energy transfer to explain where the energy of the swinging pendulum eventually goes.

INVESTIGATION OVERVIEW: A synopsis of this lesson is as follows…

This demonstration will allow us to discuss the kinetic energy, the gravitational potential energy, and the heat energy associated with the swinging pendulum. We should be able to draw upon the discoveries from the previous investigation to describe the energy transfers and transformations during this pendulum swing. During the second part of the demonstration, the water is emptied from the bottle and the investigation is repeated. The outcome is drastically different, and you will be asked to apply what they have learned about the effect of mass on the kinetic and potential energies of an object to explain.

This is a demonstration, so there will be no variables, question, or hypothesis to complete. The questions are in

order and designed to build upon each other. Please complete them when appropriate.

Directions: Answer the following questions in a timely manner so that you do not miss any important information.

Take a look at the pendulum set up (the soda bottle hanging from the ceiling) in the front of the classroom and answer the following question.

1. Why does the bottle just hang there and not move? What must happen in order for the bottle to start swinging? (2 points)

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Now Mr. Herlihy will lift the pendulum and release it so it swings back and forth. Answer the following questions.

2. Where does the bottle get its energy from as it is lifted towards Mr. Herlihy’s head? What is happening to the energy of the bottle as it is lifted? Where are examples of energy transfers and transformations during this process? (4 points)

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5. Label the picture with the types of energy the pendulum has. Be sure to include any transfers and transformations. (3 points)

6. Why does the pendulum slow down? i.e. Where does the pendulum’s energy go? (1 point)

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Now Mr. Herlihy will replace the full soda bottle with an empty soda bottle and repeat the same experiment as with the full bottle. Answer the following questions.

7. What variables are different in this part of the experiment and what variables are the same? (2 points)

Different:____________________________________________________________Same:_______________________________________________________________

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8. Why did the empty bottle act differently than the full bottle? Explain your answer in terms of energy. (2 points)

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9. Does the empty bottle slow down faster because it feels more resistance or because it has less energy to begin with? Explain your answer. (2 points)

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Conclusion: Write a conclusion of this investigation. Include the procedure, what results came from the investigation, what forms of energy we talked about, and how this investigation relates to our study of energy. (4 points)

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ENERGY CHAINSWe begin our Energy Chain investigation by reviewing some of the

previous material and seeing just how all of it fits together. We will accomplish this task with the help of ESPN and skateboarding star Tony Hawk by watching the Sports Figures program entitled “Boarding School”.

Directions: Complete the following questions while watching the video. Pay close attention so you do not miss an answer!

1. What types (forms) of energy are discussed in the video? (6 points)a. d.b. e.c. f.

2. Compare Tony Hawk’s trips back-and-forth on the half pipe to the swinging pendulum (soda bottle) from Investigation #2. Be sure to include what types of energy are present and if there are energy transfers and transformations! (2 points)

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3. In one scene a bowling ball is released from the top and eventually it comes to a stop at the bottom of the half pipe. Where did the energy go? (2 points)

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4. Look at the list of energies mentioned in the video. Which forms of energy have not been discussed by us in this class so far? What are some examples of these new forms of energy? (5 points)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Directions: Complete each energy chain with the appropriate energy transfers and energy transformations. (10 points)

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The Law of Conservation of Energy is… (1 point)

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Directions: You will be designing your own energy chain using the forms of energy we have discussed so far (KE, GPE, CPE, Heat Energy, Sound Energy, Radiant Energy/Light Energy)

1) Using the five types of energies we have discussed (and any others you want to add in), design an energy chain that shows something you do on a daily basis. You must have at least 10 transfers /transformations of energy

2) Make a rough draft sketch and have Mr. Herlihy check the sketch before you make your final drawing

3) Make your final drawing on a piece of white paper, color and label it, and then glue it to a piece of construction paper

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Use the space below to sketch your rough draft…

SUMMARIESDirections: Each summary must be completed and appropriate in order to receive maximum credit. Do not just write anything; make sure it is written using appropriate vocab and scientific information.

1. Energy transfer is when the same energy gets passed along between objects. Energy transformation is when one form of energy changes into another form. Give one example of each from our Investigation #1. (2 points)

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2. What are two ways you can increase the kinetic energy of an object? How can you increase the Gravitational Potential Energy of an object? (3 points)

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3. Summary #3 will be in the form of an assessment. Mr. Herlihy will give you directions for you to complete the assignment.

END OF PART 1

NotesWhat two factors determine the amount of K.E. of an object?

What two factors determine the amount of G.P.E. of an object?

Type of Energy Example

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Vocab Word Definition

Vocabulary

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