Water: Anam City Master Plan

8/4/2019 Water: Anam City Master Plan

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.

104

.

105

WATER

ANAM

MODEL

LAND

WATER

SOCIAL

ECONOMY

MOBILITY

ENERGY

APPENDIX

VISION

WATER

1. BioregionalApproach2. H ea lthyWatershed

3 . Wa te r Su pp ly

4 . Wa te r Sy st em5. R ainwaterH arve sting

Mmili buka ngosi ma bukwalu ihe

isi ike di nime Anam. Imeputa ihe

nmmili Anam icho ihe di nime ya

mma, nakwa imepe ya na oge, na

iru kwa ihe achoro iru nakwa iku

ihe ga ano ogo logo oge nebemmili gas esi na aga nebe mmili

ozizo ga esi agasi ike unwata

unwa nokiri kiri obodo a hu.

Water is both a blessing and a hardship in Anam.

The Anam water system will strategically design

water inrastructure, so that the annual fooding and

heavy rainall can be a positive natural orce in the

cycles o the city.

Systems

Water


2/9

NIGER RIVER WATERSHED

ANAMBRA RIVER WATERSHED

. WORLD

2. CONTINENT

3. BIOREGION

4. COUNTRY

5. STATE

6. REGION

8. ANAM CITY9. COMMUNITY

10.NEIGHBORHOOD

11.ECOSYSTEM

12.BLOCK

13.PARCEL

EZICHI RIVER WATERSHED 7.AGROPOLITAN

DRINKING DOMESTIC USE

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

TRANSPORTATION

ENERGY GENERATION AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION

RECREATION

&

MajorRiversandWatershedsoftheWorld

.

106

.

107

WATER

ANAM

MODEL

LAND

WATER

SOCIAL

ECONOMY

MOBILITY

ENERGY

APPENDIX

VISION

A Bioregional Approach

YukonMackenzie

Nelson

Mississippi

St.LawrenceDanube

Amazon

Paran

Volga

Ob

Yenisey

Lena

Kolyma

Amur

Ganges

Yangtze

HuangHe

Indus

MurrayDarling

LakeChadBasin

Congo

Zambezi

Orange

The NIGER RIVERBASIN is located in

western Africa and covers 7.5% of

the continent, spanning ten countries,

including Nigeria.

Totalareaofthecountry(km2)=923,770

Areaofthecountrywithinthebasin(km2)=584193

As%oftotalareaofbasin(%)=25.7

As%oftotalareaofcountry(%)=63.2

Averageannualrainfallinthebasinarea(mm)=535min.,

2845max.,1185mean

[Source:FAOLandandWaterDevelopmentDivision]

Euphrates&Tigris

Nile


3/9

NIGER

MALI

BENIN

Niger River Delta

Sahara Desert

ATLANTIC OCEAN

NIGER RIVER BASIN

BURKINO FASO

CAMEROON

SIERRA LEONENIGERIA

NigerRiverWatershedandFloodPlainspanseightcountries.

.

108

.

109

WATER

ANAM

MODEL

LAND

WATER

SOCIAL

ECONOMY

MOBILITY

ENERGY

APPENDIX

VISION

WATER

The Niger River

Watershed Covers

62% of Nigeria


4/9

FEB:lowestwaterlevelofAnambra&EzichiRivers

SEPT:majoroodingbegins OCT:peakooding

JUN:rainyseasonstarts

WaterlevelsintheAnamregionchangedrasticallyovertheyear

.

110

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111

Living with FloodingTheNiger&AnambraRiverBasinishometotheAnampeople.Theeighttraditional

communitiesofAnamarecurrentlyspreadacrosstheregiongenerallyknownasa

riveroodplain.Formorethanthreemonthseachyear,thisareaistransformedinto

pervasivemarshlandsduetolowelevationandatterrain.Duringtherainyseason,the

regioncanreceiveupto200cmofrainfall.Atitspeak,waterlevelsrisecanriseupto

3metersinsomeareasandfarmersareforcedtoleavetheirfarmstostayathighland

settlementswithrelatives.Roadwaysarecutoffforcingschools,farmingandother

activitiestobesuspendeduntiltheoodwatersrecede.

The Challenge of BalanceAnnualoodinghasbecomeapartoflifefortheAnampeopleandtheytravel

throughouttheregionfromfarmtomarketontheriversbycanoetoconducttrade.

Theyrespondtothenaturalhydrologicalsystemsfortheirsurvivalandhaveinnovated

manysolutionsformanagingtheirresourcesduringtheoods.Onfarmsettlements,

farmersbuildexiblefarmstorageandconstructmoundsandhummocksneartheir

housingforprotection.Thewetlandconditionresultingfromtheoodsareacritical

contributortoregionalbiodiversityandecologicalstrength.Theseasonaloodwaters

serveasnaturalirrigationanddepositsnutrient-richsedimentsontofarmlands.

However,increasingpopulationandurbanizationcreatespressureonthehydrologic

systeminthisriverinearea.Conventionaldevelopmentcauseswetlandareasto

bereduced,whichdamageswatersupplyandquality.Adepletedoodplainalso

increasesriskofoodinginotherareasoftheregionaswaterrushesinduringthe

rainyseasonandaswaterlevelsriseinresponsetoglobalclimatechange.

A Community Wide ResponseWhiletheoodingoffersmanybenetstoagricultureandtheecology,itcreatesgreat

hardshiptothepeopleofAnam,forcingasubsistencelifestyleandcuttingthemofffromsocialservices.TheAnamcommunitiesarefacedwiththechallengeofbalancing

environmentalprotectionwithanurgentneedtoimprovehumanqualityoflife.An

ecologicallybalancedresponsewithintegratedwatershedmanagementisneededto

ensurethatbothhumansandtheenvironmentsurvive.Inarareregionalandcross-

communitycollaboration,leadersfromtheeighttraditionalAnamsettlementshave

joinedtogethertoaddresstheirdevelopmentneedsinabroader,morecohesive

manner.Withthisapproach,theRebirthCouncilisembarkingonaremarkable

community-ledprocess,amodelattheforefrontofbestpracticesinRegionalPlanning

&Development.

PRODUCTIVITY

+

QUALITY

%

EQUITY

=

DIVERSITY

X

MOBILITY

>

VITALITY

!

WATER

ANAM

MODEL

LAND

WATER

SOCIAL

ECONOMY

MOBILITY

ENERGY

APPENDIX

VISION

WATER

Healthy Watershed


5/9

80%ofindustriesinNigeriadischargeliquids,solids,andgaseouswastes

directlyintotheenvironmentwithout

adequatetreatmentthatmeatsthebasicstandards.

PlasticBags

Percent of Nigerians usingimproved drinking water

in 2008:

58%

0 1000000 2000000 3000000 4000000 5000000

Death by War

Death by Water Illness

Watermarks

Number o Nigerian impacted by fooding each year in the Niger River Basin: 1,000,000[AfricanInstituteforAppliedEconomics]

Millimeters (inches) o rainall annually in Anam: 1400-2200 (55-78)[LaserEngineering&ResourceConsultants]

Average number o miles walked by women in Arica to collect water: 4[LivingWaterCanada.Org]

Current number o Nigerians under danger rom erosion and food disaster: 50 million[FederalGovernmentofNigeria]

Percent o Nigerians who depend on purchased satchet water rom outside sources: 70

HumanBodyWaste

AgriculturalFertilizers

Pesticides

Oil&Petroleum

Bottles&Cans

Soaps&Detergents

ToxicChemicals

Plastic&Rubber

Smoke&Exhausts

Trash

.

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.

113

WATER

ANAM

MODEL

LAND

WATER

SOCIAL

ECONOMY

MOBILITY

ENERG

Y

APPENDIX

VISION

WATER

Causes of Water Pollution


6/9

.

114

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115

Each WATER BOREHOLE with a solar

pump can supply potable water for

approximately 1,600 people per day

75 liters a day per resident

for drinking and non-drinking uses

[washing, irrigation, toilets]

WATERWILLBE

TRANSPORTED

BYHANDCART

ORBIKETRAILER

TOHOUSES

WATER

ANAM

MODEL

LAND

WATER

SOCIAL

ECONOMY

MOBILITY

ENERG

Y

APPENDIX

VISION

WATER

Strategies

Outsideofagriculture,wateristhemostsignicantecologicalfeatureofthe

cityandpresentsbothauniqueadvantageandadesignchallenge.Thesite

ofAnamcityisconvenientlysitedneartheEzichiRiver(whichfeedsintothe

AnambraandthenNigerrivers),andreceivesabundantrainfalleachyearand

hasaccesstoalargeregionalaquifer.However,duetoitslowelevation,the

regionispronetooodingeveryrainyseason.Therefore,waterstrategiesis

concernedwith:

Qualityurbanwaterprovision

Flood&stormwatermanagement

Balanceofnaturalhydrologicalcycleofwater

Waterconservationand

Autonomoussmall-scalesystems.

PRODUCTIVITY

+

QUALITY

%

EQUITY

=

DIVERSITY

X

MOBILITY

>

VITALITY

!

Water Supply


7/9

ANAM REGIONAL GROUNDWATER DATA FOR BOREHOLESAlluvial Plains Borehole level 40 m(average)

Typical Borehole yield 4 L/sec

Static water levels 10 m

Water Table 5 .5 m

Aquifer Screen position 30 m

Est. Full Day Water Pumping 115,200 L/8-hrday

Each Borehole (1 per superblock) 1536 peopleserved/day(75L/person/day)

.

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WATER BOREHOLE

& POTABLE WATER

SUPPLY

PERMEABLE SURFACE

FOR GROUNDWATER

RECHARGE

50 METERS

ONE (1) BOREHOLE PER SUPERBLOCK

WATER

ANAM

MODEL

LAND

WATER

SOCIAL

ECONOMY

MOBILITY

ENERG

Y

APPENDIX

VISION

WATER

Recommendations

Prioritizerechargeofgroundwatertableandaquifersthroughpercolatingpits,rechargewells,sandpondsandporouspaving.

Requiredualpipingsystemsineachunittoallowforpotableandgrey

waterdelivery.

Installsharedwaterboreholesatcommunityutilityblockswithonsite

storageandtreatment/ltration(UVunitsandmicronlters)asmain

potablewaterprovision.

Requirerainwatercatchmentsystemsasasupplementalwatersource

oneachunit.

Restrictlandscaping&reprotectionwaterdemandstorainwater(or

untreatedwellwater).

Maintainonsiterainwatertreatmentsystemstodeliverpotablewaterto

units.

Installwater-conservingxturesinallbuildings(i.e.lowowfaucets&

toilets,showeraerators). Utilizesharedsmall-scalewatertreatmentplantstosupportgrey

waterrecyclingforlargebuildingsorinstitutions.Incorporatecreative

installationofutilitieswithinlandscape(i.e.childrensplaypumpor

landscapedparkinglots).

Designallbuildingsandurbanspacestoberesilientthroughannual

oodingand100yearoodlevels.

Indicators

Reducedwaterusagepercapita50%lessthaninternationalaverage

Increasedrainwatercatchmentanduseatleast80%ofannualrainfall

collectibleovercatchmentarea Decreasedpotablewaterdemandthroughincreasedgreywaterrecycling

100%greywaterrecycleorltration

Decreasedcommercial&agro-industrialwaterdemand

Increasedurbanstormwaterinltrationandgroundwaterrechargeat

least50%ofurbanspacewillbepervious

Increasedusablelandareathroughdecreasedoodzones


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YOUR

HOUSE

GROUND WATER TABLE

GROUNDWATER

RECHARGE1

2

BORE

HOLE

RIVER

EVAPOR

ATION

PERMEABLE SURFACES & BIOSWALES

3 RAINWATER HARVEST

RAINFALL

RUN

OFF

INTE

RFLOW

4 RECYCLE &

CONSERVE

1

2

3

4

target

35%

(prede

velo

pment4

5%)

target 80-90%(pre development 100%)

target10-

20%

(pred

evelo

pment

Water: Anam City Master Plan

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