WARM-UP QUESTION

• On page 30 of your journal, answer the following question. Make sure to write 3-4 complete sentences

• How did the physical geography of the 13 colonies shape the economic activities of each region?

UNIT #1 – EXPLORATION & COLONIZIATION8th Grade U.S. History (2015-2016)

MIGRATIONARE HUMANS DRIVEN TO FIND A BETTER LIFE?

Push Factors• War• Famine (No food)• Disease• Lack of opportunities• Religious persecution

Pull Factors• Religious freedom• Land ownership• More food• Healthier living

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EUROPEAN MOTIVATION

• Expand wealth & power

• Find a “Northwest Passage” to Asia (Marco Polo)

• Spread their religion• Own personal glory

and adventure• Main kingdoms: Spain,

England & FrancePage 27

SIGNIFICANCE OF EARLY SETTLEMENTS

Jamestown (1607)• 1st permanent English

settlement (Virginia)• Settled for economic reasons• Success leads to other colonists

to move to North America• Virginia House of Burgesses

(1819) – Representative Government (elected officials)

• Slavery introduced in 1619• Cash crop: Tobacco – makes

many colonists wealthy

Plymouth (1620)• Pilgrims leave Europe to

find religious freedom• Arrive on the Mayflower• Male members sign the

Mayflower Compact (Establishes Self-Government)

• Puritan way of life (Social/Political)

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CHARACTERISTICSNew England Colonies

• Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire

• Long cold winters• Rocky soil• Subsistence Farming• Natural Harbors –

Fishing, Shipbuilding, Whaling

• Very Religious (Puritans, Quakers, Anglicans)

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CHARACTERISTICSMiddle Colonies

• New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

• Shorter winters, warmer summers

• Better soil for farming (wheat, barley, etc.)

• Religious Tolerance (Quakers, Catholics)

• Large farms, logging, fishing, shipbuilding

Page 31

CHARACTERISTICSSouthern Colonies

• Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

• Long summers, short winters

• Rich soil for farming, warm climate, deep rivers

• Cash crops: Tobacco, Rice, Indigo & Corn (TRIC)

• Class-based society• More diverse;

Anglican/Catholics• Plantation life, larger

number of slaves, small port cities

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POPULATION PATTERNS

The Thirteen Colonies

• Established in North America along the Atlantic Ocean

• Population concentrated near water resources – drinking water, fishing, farming, hunting, whaling and ship building

• WATER – Needed to LIVE!!• Appalachian Mountains served

as a natural barrier – kept settlers from moving further west

• New England Region – Mostly religious, fishermen, whalers, shipbuilders, timber workers, fur trappers

• Middle Region – Food crop farmers, iron workers, some ship builders, many Catholics & Quakers

• Southern Region – Cash crop farming, some forestry, large and small farms, mostly Anglican

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WOMEN’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO

THE COLONIES

The Thirteen Colonies

• Pocahontas is credited with helping colonists of Jamestown

• Anne Hutchinson questions Puritan way of life and banished – helps settle Rhode Island

• Eliza Lucas Pinckney develops indigo as a “cash crop” first in the Southern Colonies

• Most colonial women were the primary “educator” in the home

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RELIGIOUS PATTERNS

The Thirteen Colonies

• Religious freedom the main cause for establishing the 13 colonies

• Communities “self-governed”• Pennsylvania colony

experimented with equality and citizens involved in gov’t

• Disagreements between religious leaders lead to new colonies with more diversity and equality

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SLAVERY IN THE COLONIES

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

• Starts in the British West Indies (Caribbean) on the sugar plantations

• Triangular Trade develops between England, West Africa and West Indies

• Exchanged in the colonies for goods (usually cash crops)

Plantation System• Large cash crop farms needed

cheap labor• Slaves seen as property and

labor supply• Slaves help develop plantation

system and Southern economy• Had no rights at all• The more slaves a farmer had

the higher his social status• Slaves concentrated in the

South but were present in all the colonies

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IMPACT OF ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHERS

• Thomas Hooker – Believed in democratic ideas such as elections by the people and that the people have the power to limit the governments power

• John Locke – European philosopher who discussed branches of government (Legislative/Executive); believed in unalienable rights (Life, Liberty, and Protection of Property)

• Charles de Montesquieu – Expanded on Locke’s idea (added a Judiciary branch), wrote about separation of powers and believed education was necessary for a republic

• William Blackstone – English judge/professor who wrote a book on common law, believed in religious tolerance and also wrote about “natural rights” (unalienable)

• William Penn – Quaker who founded the Pennsylvania colony, created an elected legislature as a feature of “self-government”

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