W1775 Significance of Perihepatic Lymphadenopathy in Patients with Cirrhosis Undergoing Liver...
Transcript of W1775 Significance of Perihepatic Lymphadenopathy in Patients with Cirrhosis Undergoing Liver...
HCV-infected patients with HCC still do not receive any specific potentially curative orpalliative therapies. The reasons for this possible underutilization need to be examined.
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Cost Effectiveness of Radiofrequency Ablation Versus Transcatheter ArterialChemoembolization in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Less Than 4.5CM in DiameterRobert Rahimi, Clark Hair, George Stukenborg, Abdullah M. Al-Osaimi, Curtis K. Argo,Patrick G. Northup, Stephen H. Caldwell
Background: While 5 year survival and tumor progression after radiofrequency ablation(RFA) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) have been studied, data on cost-effectiveness (CE) comparing these 2 proceduresare lacking. Using Markov models, we assessed whether RFA or TACE was more cost-effective. Methods: Clinical and financial data were obtained for RFA or TACE patients fromJune 2006 - June 2008. Patient's age, gender, tumor size, treatment course, and direct costswere recorded. Costs of complications were excluded when entering direct procedure costsinto the model. Probabilities of tumor progression after RFA or TACE were obtained frompublished studies. Data was analyzed using TreeAge Pro 2008 Suite 1.2 (TreeAge SoftwareInc, Williamstown, MA). A Markov model was developed to compare costs and survivaloutcomes over 5 years, and sensitivity analyses assessed whether model results were stablewithin plausible ranges of the estimated components. Results: 95 patients were evaluated,16 received RFA (age = 62.5 ± 11.4 yrs; 10M), and 79 received TACE (age = 64.4 ± 10.6yrs; 58M). Average tumor size for RFA was 2.23 x 1.84 cm ± 0.96 x 0.83 cm, while forTACE was 3.02 x 2.43 cm ± 1.38 x 1.31 cm. The baseline estimate of the probability oftumor progression after RFA was 0.056 (range = 0.036-0.06) and with TACE was 0.43(range = 0.19-0.68). Average cost of RFA is $3133 (range=$1760 to $8063) while TACE is$6828 (range=$6687 to $7132). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio average is $2908(range= $2086 to $3730). Over 5 years, RFA direct costs were $9,373 with 4.54 life yearsobtained, while direct costs for TACE were $15,791 with 1.87 life years obtained. Resultsfrom the model were not sensitive to any estimated component. Conclusions: Identifyingdirect costs and overall effects of non-surgical therapies are important factors to considerin managing HCC. Our analysis indicates that RFA is the most cost-effective strategy acrossall ranges of direct costs when compared to TACE. While RFA had a wider range of directcosts, results from the Markov model demonstrate that RFA is more cost-effective than TACEfor any plausible range of estimates for cost and tumor progression. Future randomizedcontrolled trials are needed to compare CE of all non-surgical therapies for HCC.
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Significance of Perihepatic Lymphadenopathy in Patients with CirrhosisUndergoing Liver TransplantationMuhammad A. Asim, Saleem Farooqui, Muhammad Bilal, Meer A. Ali, Satheesh Nair
Perihepatic lymphadenopathy, found incidentally during a liver transplant evaluation raisesthe concern for lymphoma or metastatic involvement from hepatocellular carcinoma Aim:To find the prevalence of enlarged perihepatic lymph nodes in cirrhosis and correlate withetiology and stage of hepatocellular carcinoma. Method: The following data was extractedfrom 154 consecutive patients(100 males, 54 females, median age 53 yrs, 120 Caucasiansand 28 African Americans and 6 Hispanics) who underwent liver transplantation: the etiologyof cirrhosis, liver function tests,AFP level,and MELD score. The diagnosis and stage of HCCwas determined after reviewing the explant pathology by a single pathologist. Explantedlivers in our institution are routinely examined in thin sections to look for HCC. Patientsalso undergo either chemoembolization or radiofrequency ablation while waiting for trans-plantation. Lymph node biopsies were also reviewedwhenever available. All the pre transplantimaging studies were reexamined by a single radiologist (SF) to determine the lymph nodesize and distribution. Fisher Exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparingcategorical and continuous variables respectively. A p value of less than 0.05 was consideredsignificant. Results: The etiology of cirrhosis was chronic viral hepatitis (n=87), autoimmune(PBC, PSC, AIH n=26), Chemical (n=26), Metabolic (n=8), miscellaneous (n=7). Enlargedlymph nodes were found in 48% viral, 38% autoimmune, 40% chemical , 25% metabolicand 42% miscellanoeous group.Univariate analysis of different variables with presence andabsence of enlarged lymph nodes is shown in table 2. Prevalence of ELN in cirrhosis wasfound to be 39.6% (68/154).No statistically significant variation in frequency, location orsize of ELN was seen with different etiologies of cirrhosis. Forty one patients (26%)hadHCC as per the explant pathology. Nineteen patients were T1,19 were T2 and 2 were T3(By AJCC 6 criteria). In one patient, who had an RFA prior to transplant, explant pathologydid not show HCC (but had classical radiological features prior to transplant). 22 patients(53%) with HCC had lymphadenopathy (p value =NS)Presence of lymphadenopathy didnot correlate with stage/vascular invasion of HCC. Conclusion: Enlarged perihepatic lymphnodes are common in patients with cirrhosis and do not correlate with etiology or presenceof hepatocellular carcinoma.Table 1.Univariate analysis of prevalence of ELN.
ELN Enlarged lymph nodes MW Mann-Whittney U test FE Fisher Exact test
A-859 AASLD Abstracts
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Development and Evaluation of Gold Nanoparticle Based Laser NanoThermolysis As a Potential New Active Intervention: A Novel TherapeuticApproach to Hepatocellular CancerJoseph Buell, Swati Joshi-Barve, Andre Gobin, Leila Gobejishvili, Jingwen Zhang, Yan Li,Craig J. McClain, Shirish Barve
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the fifth most common cancerworldwide and the third most fatal. Curative resection is feasible in less than 10% ofpatients due to their underlying liver disease. Thus, there is clearly a need for new clinicalinterventions. Methods: Our group established and utilized an In Vitro HCC and In Vivo ratHCC model with reproducible hepatic tumors to examine the utility of laser-induced localheating of cellular structures (through photothermal (PT) mechanisms), mediated by light-absorbing nanoparticles. 106 rat H4IIE HCC cells were inoculated into hepatic lobes ofmale ACI rats to generate hepatic tumors. Tumor derived HCC cells from In Vivo resectedHCC samples were isolated, cultured and utilized to examine the effect of nanoparticles(NP) acting as localized sources of laser-induced heat leading to nano-thermolysis andconsequent cellular damage and death. Uncoated gold/gold sulfide nanoparticles (GNP),with a peak resonance of 830 nm were utilized. Samples were diluted to an optical density(OD) of 1.0 and 2.0 corresponding to a concentration of approximately 1x1011 (GNP1)and 2x1011 (GNP2) particles respectively. Cells were grown, rinsed and incubated withGNP in media for 6 hours prior to laser irradiation. Laser irradiation was accomplishedusing an Integrated Fiber Array Packet, FAP-I System,with awavelength of 818 nm (Coherent,Santa Clara, CA) using laser outputs of 2-6 Watts. Cell survival and death was assessed viaMTT and quantitative DNA fragmentation analysis. Results: Histopathological analysis ofthe tumors at 21 days demonstrated that they had retained diminished trabecular structureand neo-vasculature along with increased cell density. Hepatic tissue removed from the non-tumor-burdened lobes was confirmed as histologically normal and without micrometastasis.Examination of the effect of GNP and laser on the tumor derived cells showed that GNPor laser irradiation had no significant impact on the survival of the hepatic tumor cells.However, the combined effect of GNP plus laser irradiation led to a dramatic loss of cellsurvival involving necrotic and apoptotic forms of cell death. Notably, the combination ofGNP and laser irradiation generated a high degree of synergy in drastically reducing tumorcell survival with the induction of apoptotic death involving caspase-dependent DNA frag-mentation. Conclusions: Overall these data demonstrate a novel In Vitro and In Vivo modelfor HCC therapeutic testing. GNP in combination with laser irradiation In Vitro is anefficacious therapeutic approach against HCC and is currently being evaluated in the In Vivomodel for HCC.
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the Impact of Ethnicity On the Presentation and Prognosis of HepatocellularCarcinomaRaul Cubillas, Richard Guerrero, Geri Brown
Background: Previous studies have found that the frequency of certain clinical features ofhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can vary among different ethnic groups in the United States.However, those studies did not focus on veteran patients, who have a high prevalence ofchronic hepatitis C, a known risk factor for HCC. Our aim was to explore the influence ofethnicity on HCC presentation, treatment and survival in veteran patients. Methods: Weconducted a retrospective, cohort study of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HCC atthe Dallas VA Medical Center between January 2002 and July 2008. Patient demographics(age, risk factor), tumor-related features on initial presentation (diagnosis by screening,Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer [BCLC] staging, portal vein thrombosis [PVT], alpha-fetoprot-ein [AFP]), treatments administered and overall survival were compared between white,African-American (AA) and Hispanic patients. Results: We identified 179 patients withHCC; 109 (60.9%) white, 51 (28.5%) AA and 19 (10.6%) Hispanic. The prevalence of viralinduced HCC was significantly higher in AA patients (96%) than in white (82%) or Hispanic(63%) patients (p=0.001). PVT was significantly more common in AA patients (37%) thanin white (20%) or Hispanic (11%) patients (p=0.03), and later stages (BCLC C and D) werefound more frequently at presentation for AA patients (59%) than for white (36%) orHispanic (36%) patients (p=0.02).Multivariable logistic regression confirmed that AA patientspresented at later stages compared to whites (odds ratio [OR], 3.08; 95% confidence interval[CI], 1.123-8.485). Sixty-six of the total 179 patients (37%) received treatment for HCC.Multivariable logistic regression revealed that patients with earlier HCC stages (BCLC 0, Aand B) were more likely to receive treatment than those with later stages (OR, 9.5; 95% CI,2.7-32.9), irrespective of ethnicity. The median overall survival was 8 months, and therewas no significant difference among the ethnic groups (log-rank test, p=0.26). A Coxproportional-hazard model showed that later stages at diagnosis increased mortality risk(hazard ratio [HR], 3.74; 95% CI, 1.97-7.1) and that treatment was the strongest predictorof survival (HR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.03-0.14); the model showed no significant influence ofethnicity on mortality. Conclusions: Viral induced HCC, PVT and later stages on initialpresentation are more frequent in AA than whites or Hispanic veterans. Nevertheless, thereis no significant difference in survival among the ethnic groups. The administration of HCCtreatment is associated with improved survival, irrespective of ethnicity.
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Relationships Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Antidiabetic Therapy andHepatocellular CarcinomaAntonio Perciaccante, Massimiliano Balbi, Pietro Casarin, Giorgio Zanette, Valter Donadon
Background and aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is associated with increased risk andmortality for cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aims of this studyare to evaluate the prevalence of DM2 in various etiologies of HCC patients, describe thetiming between the onset of diabetes and the development of HCC and investigate the effectsof antidiabetic therapy on HCC risk. Research Design and Methods: we recruited 465 HCCpatients compared with 618 cirrhotics and 490 control subjects. We evaluated the prevalence
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