Visual Basic Project in Examination Management System

7/25/2019 Visual Basic Project in Examination Management System

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Kxbhc`btca` Hb`bikhk`t Tystkh — WL 7.6

]ctek ag tnk Vrajkdt

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C`tramudtca` ta Vurpask Tystkh (Kxbhc`btca` Hb`bikhk`t Tystkh)

Kxbhc`btca` Hb`bikhk`t Tystkh cs b sagtwbrk mkvkeapkm gar tnk stumk`ts wna icvk kxbhs c`

daeekiks b`m c`stctutks. Ct gbdcectbtks ta bddkss tnk kxbhc`btca` c`garhbtca` ag b pbrtcduebr stumk`t

c` b pbrtcduebr debss. ]nk c`garhbtca` cs sartkm ly tnk apkrbtars, wncdn wcee lk pravcmkm ly tnktkbdnkr gar b pbrtcduebr debss. ]ncs systkh wcee besa nkep c` kvbeubtcì kxbhc`btca` keciclcecty

drctkrcb ag b stumk`t.

]nk purpask ag mkvkeapcì kxbhc`btca` hb`bikhk`t systkh cs ta dahputkrczkm tnk trbmctca`be

wby ag tbcì kxbhs. !àtnkr purpask gar mkvkeapcì tncs sagtwbrk cs ta ik`krbtk tnk rkpart

butahbtcdbeey blaut tnk scttcì brrbìkhk`t murcì kxbhs bt tnk k`m ag tnk skssca` ar c` tnk

lktwkk` ag tnk skssca`.

]nk sdapk ag tnk pra"kdt cs tnk systkh a` wncdn tnk sagtwbrk cs c`stbeekm, c.k. tnk pra"kdt cs

mkvkeapkm bs b mkstap bppecdbtca`, b`m ct wcee war gar b pbrtcduebr c`stctutk. #ut ebtkr a` tnk

pra"kdt db` lk hamcgckm ta apkrbtk ct aèc`k.

Kxbhc`btca` Hb`bikhk`t Tystkh lbscdbeey nbs twa hbc` hamueks gar prapkr gu`dtca`cì

• $crst hamuek cs bmhc` wncdn nbs rcint gar drkbtcì `kw kxbhc`btca` dkee gar `kw lbtdn

b`m upmbtk stumk`t rksuets.

• Tkda`m hamuek cs nb`mekm ly tnk uskr wncdn db` lk b gbuety ar b` apkrbtar. %skr nbs b

rcint ta skk tnk rksuets.

]nk hbc` purpask ag tnk aèc`k kxbhc`btca` prairbh cs tnbt ct beeaws dahpb`cks&c`stctutca`s ta

pkrgarh kxbhc`btca`s ta b`y ùhlkr ag bppecdb`ts bt a`dk, c` b dahputkrczkm hb``kr. Ct

mkdrkbsks kàuin tchk c tbk b`m bhau`t ag war tnbt kxcst c` tnk durrk`t prairbh ag

kvbeubtca`. Ct besa beeaws c` sbvcì tnk rkdarm ag kbdn kvbeubtca` b`m tnk rksuets brk besa sbvkm c`tnk prairbh. ]ncs hbks tnk skkcì ag tnk c`garhbtca` kbsckr tnb` tnk durrk t prairbh.

Kxbhc`btca` Hb`bikhk`t Tystkh cs vkry uskgue gar Kmudbtca`be C`stctutk ta prkpbrk b` kxbh,

sbgk tnk tchk tnbt wcee tbk ta dnkd tnk pbpkr b`m prkpbrk hbr snkkts. Ct wcee nkep tnk C`stctutk ta

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tkstcì ag stumk`ts b`m mkvkeap tnkcr scees. #ut tnk mcsbmvb`tbiks gar tncs systkh, ct tbks b eat ag

tchks wnk` yau prkpbrk tnk kxbh bt tnk gcrst tchk gar usbik. !`m wk brk `kkms ùhlkr ag

dahputkrs wctn tnk sbhk ùhlkr ag stumk`ts.

]nk kggkdtcvk usk ag 'Kxbhc`btca` Hb`bikhk`t Tystkh', b`y Kmudbtca`be C`stctutk ar trbc`cì

dk`tkrs db` lk usk ct ta mkvkeap tnkcr strbtkiy gar puttcì tnk kxbhs, b`m gar ikttcì lkttkr rksuets

c` ekss tchk.

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ljkdtc!ks g tnk Vrajkdt

]nk prchbry al"kdtcvk ag tnk prairbh cs ta kggkdtcvkey bsskss tnk bppecdb`t tnarauiney tnrauin b

dahpektkey butahbtkm systkh tnbt àt aèy nkeps yau ta sbvk b eat ag tchk lut besa icvks (ucd

autdahks. Ct cs b dast)kggkdtcvk b`m wkee)àw` c`mcdbtks ag hbss) bssksshk`t prairbh.*arparbtk lktwkk` tnk mbtb starkm c` tnk skrvkr ag tnk C`stctutca` b`m aur +`)ec`k Kxbh systkh.

]a mkbe wctn +`)ec`k Tystkh c` b` kbsy wby b`m b` kggcdck`t hb``krkm. da``kdtca` pradkss-

*rkbtk straì b`m skdrktk mbtb lbsk tnbt beeaw gar b`y da``kdtca` c` b skdrkt wby, ta prkvk`t b`y

autscmk ar c`scmk bttbds.

Tpkdcgy b prcvcekik gar kbdn pkrsa` ta beeaw kbdn pkrsa` usk tncs systkh ta drkbtk ncs aw` kxbh.

!`m nbvk b dahpektk da`trae a` ncs kxbh.

!eeaw kbdn pkrsa` ta drkbtk hark tnb` a`k kxbh wctn mcggkrk`t wby ta drkbtk vbrcb`t (ukstca`s.

Tdapk b`m echctbtca`s"

• Kxbhc`btca` Hb`bikhk`t systkh cs mksci`km gar Kmudbtca`be C`stctutks eck sdnaaes,

u`cvkrsctcks, trbc`cì dk`tkrs-.

• ]nk systkh nb`meks bee tnk apkrbtca`s, b`m ik`krbtks rkparts bs saa` bs tnk tkst cs gc`csn,

tnbt c`deumks `bhk, hbr, tchk spk`t ta saevk tnk kxbh.

• !eeaw stumk`ts ta skk ar mcspeby ncs b`swkrs bgtkr tnk kxbh cs gc`csn.

• ]nk typk ag (ukstca`s cs aèy huetcpek dnacdk ar truk b`m gbesk.

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T#T]KH $%$&#TCT

' Kxcstcì systkh

]nk Kxcstcì systkh ag da`mudtcì kxbhc`btca` pradkss cs hbùbe. Ct nbs sa hb`y pralekhs. Ta wk c`tramudk b `kw systkh, wncdn cs gueey dahputkrczkm. Kxcstcì systkh cs b ebrik

hb` pawkr pradkss b`m cs mcggcduet ta chpekhk`t. arcì ag kxcstcì systkh cs icvk` lkeaw/ )

Ttumk`t 6kicstrbtca` cs tnk gcrst pradkss . !s tnk pbrt ag tnk rkicstrbtca`, tnk stumk`t nbs ta

k`tkr ncs `bhk, bmmrkss ktd c`ta tnk rkicstrbtca` garh. !gtkr tnk rkicstrbtca`, hbk tnk (ukstca`

pbpkrs b`m ct wcee icvk ta tnk praspkdtcvk stumk`t. ]nk (ukstca` pbpkrs da`tbc` tatbe hbr,

sul"kdt, murbtca`, (ukstca`pbpkr ktd.

! iraup ag pkrsa` maks kvbeubtca` ag b`swkr snkkt. !gtkr tnk kvbeubtca` ag tnk !`swkr

snkkt , tnk rksuet cs pulecsnkm. !`m besa hbk tnk hbr ecst.

'' Vrapaskm systkh

]nk hbc` al"kdtcvk ag tnk aèc`k kxbhc`btca` systkh cs tnbt ct nkeps

dahpb`cks&c`stctutca`s ta da`mudt kxbhs ta b`y ùhlkr ag db`mcmbtks bt b tchk, c` b` butahbtkm

hb``kr. Ct rkmudks tnk tchk da`suhptca` b`m wareabm tnbt kxcst c` tnk durrk`t systkh ag

kxbhc btca . Ct besa nkeps c` starcì tnk rkdarm ag kbdn kxbhc`btca` b`m tnk rksuets brk besa

starkm c` tnk systkh. ]ncs hbks tnk skbrdncì ag tnk rkdarms kbsckr tnb` tnk kxcstcì systkh.

'* ljkdtc!ks ag tnk prapaskm systkh

]nk hbc purpask ag tnk systkh cs ta kggcdck`tey kvbeubtk tnk db`mcmbtk tnarauiney

tnrauin b gueey butahbtkm systkh tnbt àt aèy sbvks b eat ag tchk lut besa icvks gbst rksuets. Ct cs

b dast)kggkdtcvk b`m papuebr hkb`s ag hbss) kvbeubtca` systkh.

]nk bmhc`cstrbtar ag tnk systkh prkpbrks tnk tksts b`m (ukstca`s gar kbdn kxbh. ]nkdb`mcmbtks db` eaic` tnrauin tnk deck`t dahputkrs wctn tnkcr rkicstkr ùhlkr icvk` ta tnkh b`m

db` tbk tnk kxbh. ]nk (ukstca`s brk snuggekm c` b rb`mah armkr sa tnbt passclcectcks gar ikttcì

(ukstca`s c` tnk sbhk armkr gar tnk stumk`ts wna brk scttcì `kbr, cs vkry ekss. ! tchkr wcee

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ha`ctar tnk tchk b`m bgtkr tnk tchk echct tnk systkh ctskeg sulhct tnk tkst. Cg ct cs lkgark tchk,

db`mcmbtks db` sulhct ct ta vckw tnkcr rksuet. ]nk rksuet b`beyscs cs vkry kbsy bs ct cs ma`k ly tnk

systkh. Ta ct sbvks b eat ag tchk sc`dk à hbùbe darrkdtca` cs `kkmkm c` tnk systkh. 2a

rkstrcdtca` cs tnkrk tnbt tnk c`vcicebtar nbs ta lk prksk`t wnk` tnk stumk`ts tbk tnk tkst.

'+ ,kbsclcecty stumy

$kbsclcecty cs b hkbsurk ag naw lk`kgcdcbe tnk mkvkeaphk`t ag tnk c`garhbtca` systkh wcee

lk ta b` arib`czbtca`. ]ncs cs ma`k ly c`vkstcibtcì tnk kxcstcì systkh c` tnk brkb u`mkr

c`vkstcibtca` ar ik`krbeey cmkbs blaut b `kw systkh. Ct cs b tkst ag b systkh prapasbe bddarmcì ta

cts warblcecty, chpbdt a` tnk arib`czbtca`, blcecty ta hkkt uskr `kkms, b`m kggkdtcvk usk ag

rksaurdks.

]nrkk ky da`scmkrbtca`s brk c`vaevkm c` tnk gkbsclcecty b`beyscs/ kdaàhcd, tkdn`cdbe, b`m ekibe.

Kdaàhcd gkbsclcecty"

Kdaàhcd b`beyscs cs tnk hast grk(uk`tey uskm hktnam gar kvbeubtcì tnk

kggkdtcvk`kss ag b prapaskm systkh. Ct cs hark dahhaèy àw` bs dast lk`kgct b`beyscs, tnk

pradkmurk ta mktkrhc`k tnk lk`kgcts b`m sbvcì tnbt brk kxpkdtkm grah b db`mcmbtk systkh b`m

dahpbrk tnkh wctn dasts. Cg tnk lk`kgcts autwkcin dasts tnk` b mkdcsca` cs hbmk ta mksci` b`mchpekhk`t tnk systkh. +tnkrwcsk hbk betkrbtca`s c` tnk prapaskm systkh.

]nk c`àvbtca` ag tnk `kw systkh nbs hudn c`geuk`dk a` tnk kdaàhcdbe scmk ag tnk

dahpb`y. Hbùke systkh cs nciney dast mrcvk` muk ta tnk ncin eblar dasts. Ta cg b dahpb`y

rkicstkrs wctn tnk +èc`k<Kxbhc`btca` sctk, tnky db` butahbtk tnkcr mby)ta)mby bdtcvctcks. ]nus

tnk systkh cs kdaàhcdbeey gkbsclek.

]kdn`cdbe gkbsclcecty"

C` kxbhc`cì ]kdn`cdbe gkbsclcecty ag tnk systkh, hark chpartb`dk cs icvk` ta tnk

nbrmwbrk c`tkrbdtca` pbrt ag tnk systkh. ]nk bssksshk`ts ag tkdn`cdbe gkbsclcecty dk`tkrs a` tnk

kxcstcì systkh b`m ta wnbt kxtk`t ct db` suppart tnk prapaskm bmmctca`. ]ncs wbs lbskm a` b`

autec`k mksci` ag systkh rk(ucrkhk`ts c` tur`s ag c`puts, gceks, prairbhs, pradkmurks, b`m stbgg. Ct

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c`vaevks gc`b`dcbe da`scmkrbtca`s ta bddahhambtk tkdn`cdbe k`nb`dkhk`ts. +èc`k<Kxbhc`btca`

lkcì b wkl lbskm bppecdbtca`, ct usks .2kt grbhkwar, 4==H;7 dahputkr, 9= ># ;brm mcs.

&kibe gkbsclcecty"

3kapek brk c`nkrk`tey rkscstb`t ta dnbìk, b`m dahputkrs nbvk lkk` àw` ta

gbdcectbtk dnbìk. !` kstchbtk snauem lk hbmk blaut tnk rkbdtca` ag tnk uskr stbgg tawbrms tnk

mkvkeaphk`t ag b dahputkrczkm systkh. *ahputkr c`stbeebtca s nbvk sahktncì ta ma wctn

turàvkr, trb`sgkrs b`m dnbìks c` "al stbtus. ]nk c`tramudtca` ag b db`mcmbtk systkh rk(ucrks

spkdcbe kggart ta kmudbtk, skee b`m trbc` tnk stbgg gar da`mudtcì tnk lusc`kss.

]nk systkh cs mksci`km sudn tnbt kvk` b dahputkr ciàrb`t pkrsa` db` c`tkrbdt wctn

tnk systkh grkkey. Ta tnk systkh rk(ucrks àt hudn kggart ta trbc` b`m kmudbtk pkapek, tnk systkh

cs tnbt hudn ekibeey gkbsclek.

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,kbturks ag Vurpaskm Tystkh"

]nksk brk tnk chpartb`t gkbturks ag tnk prajkdt -aurckr Hb`bikhk`t Tystkh"

• C` dahputkr systkh tnk pkrsa` nbs ta gcee tnk vbrcaus garhs : ùhlkr ag dapcks ag tnk

garhs db` lk kbscey ik`krbtkm bt b tchk.

• C` dahputkr systkh, ct cs àt `kdkssbry ta drkbtk tnk Hb`cgkst lut wk db` mcrkdtey prc`t ct,

wncdn sbvks aur tchk.

• Ct da`tbc` lkttkr starbik dbpbdcty.

• !ddurbdy c` war.

• Kbsy : gbst rktrckvbe ag c`garhbtca`.

•kee mksci`km rkparts.

• ?kdrkbsk tnk eabm ag tnk pkrsa` c`vaevk c` kxcstcì hbùbe systkh.

• !ddkss ag b`y c`garhbtca` c`mcvcmubeey.

• ar lkdahks vkry spkkmy.

• Kbsy ta upmbtk c`garhbtca`.

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,kbsclcecty Ttumy"

!gtkr macì tnk systkh stumy b`m b`beyzcì bee tnk kxcstcì ar rk(ucrkm gu`dtca`bectcks ag tnk

systkh, tnk `kxt tbs cs ta ma tnk gkbsclcecty stumy gar tnk pra"kdt. !ee pra"kdts brk gkbsclek ) icvk`

uèchctkm rksaurdks b`m c`gc`ctk tchk.

$kbsclcecty stumy c`deumks da`scmkrbtca` ag bee tnk passclek wbys ta pravcmk b saeutca` ta tnk icvk`

pralekh. ]nk prapaskm saeutca` snauem sbtcsgy bee tnk uskr rk(ucrkhk`ts b`m snauem lk gekxclek

kàuin sa tnbt guturk dnbìks db` lk kbscey ma`k lbskm a` tnk guturk updahcì rk(ucrkhk`ts.

$ Kdaàhcdbe ,kbsclcecty

]ncs cs b vkry chpartb`t bspkdt ta lk da`scmkrkm wncek mkvkeapcì b pra"kdt. k mkdcmkm

tnk tkdnàeaiy lbskm a` hc`chuh passclek dast gbdtar.

!ee nbrmwbrk b`m sagtwbrk dast nbs ta lk lar`k ly tnk arib`czbtca`.

+vkrbee wk nbvk kstchbtkm tnbt tnk lk`kgcts tnk arib czbtca` cs iac i ta rkdkcvk grah tnk

prapaskm systkh wcee surkey avkrdahk tnk c`ctcbe dasts b`m tnk ebtkr a` ru``cì dast gar systkh.

. ]kdn`cdbe ,kbsclcecty

]ncs c`deumkm tnk stumy ag gu`dtca`, pkrgarhb`dk b`m da`strbc`ts tnbt hby bggkdt tnk

blcecty ta bdnckvk b` bddkptblek systkh. $ar tncs gkbsclcecty stumy, wk stumckm dahpektk

gu`dtca`becty ta lk pravcmkm c` tnk systkh, bs mksdrclkm c` tnk Tystkh 6k(ucrkhk`t Tpkdcgcdbtca`T6T-, b`m dnkdkm cg kvkrytncì wbs passclek uscì 5csube #bscd 8.= b`m HT !ddkss.

- pkrbtca`be ,kbsclcecty

2a mault tnk prapaskm systkh cs gueey >%C lbskm tnbt cs vkry uskr grck`mey b`m bee c`puts

ta lk tbk` bee skeg)kxpeb`btary kvk` ta b ebyhb`. #kscmks, b prapkr trbc`cì nbs lkk` da`mudtkm

ta ekt àw tnk kssk`dk ag tnk systkh ta tnk uskrs sa tnbt tnky gkke dahgartblek wctn `kw systkh.

!s gbr aur stumy cs da`dkr`km tnk deck`ts brk dahgartblek b`m nbppy bs tnk systkh nbs dut maw`

tnkcr eabms b`m macì.

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Tystkh /k6ucrkhk`ts"

Tagtwbrk /k6ucrkhk`t"

• 5csube #bscd 8.=

• HT !ddkss

• c`maws 9===, 03, 1 ktd

2brmwbrk /k6ucrkhk`ts"

• 3radkssar 3k`tcuh C5 ar ncinkr vkrsca`.

• 6bh F94 H# ar blavk

• ;brm ?cs FB= H# ar blavk

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!"a#k$t %btkia"y&

\kebtca`be Mbtblbsk Hb`bikhk`t Tystkh (\MLHT) : ]ncs cs b` \MLHT lbskm

prajkdt wncdn cs durrk`tey uscì HyTR !ar bee tnk trb`sbdtca` stbtkhk`ts" HyTR cs

b` apk`saurdk \MLHT Tystkh"

L"ck' `t"a*$tca` b+a*t ,LTH &

# rkebtca`be mbtblbsk hb`bikhk`t systkh (\MLHT) cs b mbtblbsk hb`bikhk`t

systkh (MLHT) tnbt cs lbskm a` tnk rkebtca`be hamke bs c`$k`tkm ly %" &" 'amm a!

LH*s Tb` +ask \kskbrdn blarbtary" Hb`y papuebr mbtblbsks durrk`tey c` usk brk

lbskm a` tnk rkebtca`be mbtblbsk hamke"

\MLHTs nb$k lkdahk b prkmahc`b`t dnacdk !ar tnk starbik a! c`!arhbtca` c` `kw

mbtblbsks uskm !ar ,`b`dcbe rkdarms hbù!bdturcì b`m eaicstcdbe c`!arhbtca`

pkrsa``ke mbtb b`m hudn hark sc`dk tnk -./6s" \kebtca`be mbtblbsks nb$k a!tk`

rkpebdkm ekibdy nckrbrdncdbe mbtblbsks b`m `ktwar2 mbtblbsks lkdbusk tnky brk

kbsckr ta u`mkrstb`m b`m usk" <awk$kr rkebtca`be mbtblbsks nb$k lkk` dnbeekìkm

ly aljkdt mbtblbsks wncdn wkrk c`tramudkm c` b` bttkhpt ta bmmrkss tnk aljkdt4

rkebtca`be chpkmb`dk hcshbtdn c` rkebtca`be mbtblbsk b`m =H mbtblbsks"

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,LHT "$/ctk$t*"k cbi"bh

aas!bt'a"h b"b"k b` Ta'tb"k ,k*c"khk`t sk$c$btca`s&

&ar skttcì tncs kdahhkrdk partbe ct rk;ucrks dkrtbc` tkdn`cdbe rk;ucrkhk`ts ta lk

hkt !ar tnk stark ta apkrbtk prapkrey" &crst b wkl skr$kr hust lk drkbtkm ta hb2ktnk kdahhkrdk stark pulecdey b$bceblek a` tnk wkl" Mahbc` `bhks b`m nastcì

skr$cdks db` kbscey lk purdnbskm !ar b` b7armblek prcdk" 9nk` skekdtcì b nastcì

skr$cdk yau snauem dnkd2 ta skk tnbt tnksk skr$kr rk;ucrkhk`ts brk pra$cmkm b`m

c`stbeekm a` tnkcr wkl skr$krs:

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T3TKH :?3TT

]nk b`beyscs hamke cs b da`dcsk prkdcsk blstrbdtca` a! wnbt tnk

mkscrkm systkh hust ma b`m àt naw ct wcee lk ma`k b!tkr tnk

stumy a! tnk k>cstcì systkh cs dahpektkm" ]ncs lbscdbeey

c`deumks systkh stumy b`m tnk rk;ucrkhk`t b`beyscs"

`tkrbdtcì wctn tnk deck`ts rkibrmcì tnkcr rk;ucrkhk`ts b`m

k>pkdtbtca`s !rah tnk systkh maks rk;ucrkhk`t b`beyscs"

/k stks /c$/ b"k kssk`tcb 'a" systkh b`byscs b"k&

-" \kskbrdn b`m mk,`k kssk`tcbe dahpa`k`ts"

3" #`beyk durrk`t pradkssks b`m cmk`tc!y ibps"

?" `tkr$ckw uskrs ]rbc`kk ]rbc`krs b`m atnkr da`dkr km

pkrsa``ke rkibrmcì kssk`tcbe dahpa`k`ts b`m durrk`t

pradkssks"

5" 9rctk rk;ucrkhk`ts maduhk`t"

8" Mk,`k stb`mbrms !ar stb`mbrms paecdcks b`m pradkmurks"

0" \k$ckw mrb!t rk;ucrkhk`ts maduhk`t wctn uskrs ]rbc`kk

]rbc`krs b`m atnkr da`dkr`km pkrsa``ke"

1" Fpmbtk b`m k>pb`m prajkdt peb`"

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5KTL?3 T83

#t tncs stbik tnk b`beyst kstchbtks tnk urik`dy a! tnk prajkdt b`m

kstchbtks tnk mk$keaphk`t dast"

` !kbsclcecty b`beyscs wk nb$k ta stumy tnk !aeeawcì:

2)k$/`c$b 5kbsc+ccty&

]kdn`cdbe !kbsclcecty cs da`dkr`km wctn tnk b$bceblcecty a!

nbrmwbrk b`m sa!twbrk rk;ucrkm !ar tnk mk$keaphk`t a! tnk

systkh ta skk dahpbtclcecty b`m hbturcty a! tnk tkdnàeaiy

prapaskm ta lk uskm b`m ta skk tnk b$bceblcecty a! tnk

rk;ucrkm tkdn`cdbe hb`pawkr ta mk$keap tnk systkh"

#!tkr tnk stumy wk dbhk ta da`deusca` tnbt wk pradkkm

!urtnkr wctn tnk taaes b`m mk$keaphk`t k`$cra`hk`t dnask`

ly us" ]ncs wbs chpartb`t c` aur dbsk bs wk wkrk war2cì a`

twa $brcaus pnbsks a! tnk mkpbrthk`t tnbt wcee `kkm ta lk

c`tkirbtkm c` !uturk ta hb2k b` k>tk`mkm systkh"

<)0k"btca`b 5kbsc+ccty&

Bpkrbtca`be !kbsclcecty cs bee blaut pralekhs tnbt hby brcsk

murcì apkrbtca`s" ]nkrk brk twa bspkdts rkebtkm wctn tncs

cssuk:

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• 9nbt cs tnk pralblcecty tnbt tnk saeutca` mk$keapkm hby

àt lk put ta usk ar hby àt war2

• 9nbt cs tnk c`dec`btca` a! tnk hb`bikhk`t b`m k`m

uskrs tawbrms tnk saeutca` ]nauin tnkrk cs $kry ekbst

passclcecty a! hb`bikhk`t lkcì b$krsk ta tnk saeutca`

tnkrk cs b sci`c,db`t pralblcecty tnbt tnk k`m uskrs hby

àt lk c`tkrkstkm c` uscì tnk saeutca` muk ta ebd2 a!

trbc`cì c`scint ktd"

4)K$aàhc$ 5kbsc+ccty&

t cs tnk hkbsurk a! dast k7kdtc$k`kss a! tnk prajkdt" ]nk

kdaàhcd !kbsclcecty cs àtncì lut jumicì wnktnkr tnk

passclek lk`k,t a! sae$cì tnk pralekhs cs wartnwncek a! àt"

#t tnk !kbsclcecty stumy ek$ke ct cs chpassclek ta kstchbtk tnk

dast lkdbusk hkhlkrDs rk;ucrkhk`ts b`m betkr`btc$k

saeutca`s nb$k àt lkk` cmk`tc,km bt tncs stbik" <awk$kr

wnk` tnk spkdc,d rk;ucrkhk`ts b`m saeutca`s nb$k lkk`

cmk`tc,km tnk b`beyst wkcins tnk dast b`m lk`k,ts a! bee

saeutca`s tncs cs dbeekm dast lk`k,t b`beyscs"

- (2;) -




!,01K% !?:::F

Ta!twbrk prajkdt peb` db` lk $ckwkm bs tnk !aeeawcì:

-) Bct/c` t/k a"ib`csbtca`& <aw tnk prajkdt cs ta lk

chpekhk`tkm 9nbt brk $brcaus da`strbc`ts (tchk dast

stb7) 9nbt cs hbr2kt strbtkiy

3) Bct/ "ksk$t ta t/k $*stahk"& 9kk2ey ar tchkey hkktcìs

wctn tnk dustahkr wctn prksk`tbtca` a` stbtus rkparts"

'ustahkrs !kkmlbd2 cs besa tb2k` b`m !urtnkr hamc,dbtca`

b`m mk$keaphk`ts brk ma`k" Krajkdt hceksta`ks b`m

mkec$krbleks brk besa prksk`tkm ta tnk dustahkr"

&ar b suddkss!ue sa!twbrk prajkdt tnk !aeeawcì stkps db` lk

!aeeawkm:

• Tkekdt b prajkdt

a mk`tc!ycì prajkdtDs bchs b`m aljkdtc$ks

a F`mkrstb`mcì rk;ucrkhk`ts b`m spkdc,dbtca`

a Hktnams a! b`beyscs mksci` b`m chpekhk`tbtca`

a ]kstcì tkdn`c;uks

a Maduhk`tbtca`

- (27) -




• Krajkdt hceksta`ks b`m mkec$krbleks

• Lumikt beeadbtca`

a %>dkkmc`i echcts wctnc` da`trae

• Krajkdt %stchbtks

a 'ast

a ]chk

a

Tck a! damk

a Murbtca`

• \ksaurdk #eeadbtca`

a <brmwbrk

a Ta!twbrk

a Krk$caus rkek$b`t prajkdt c`!arhbtca`

a Mcictbe clrbry

• \cs2 Hb`bikhk`t

a \cs2 b$acmb`dk

a \cs2 mktkdtca`

- (29) -




!,01K% T%K8?:F

#` kekhk`tbry Gb`tt dnbrt ar ]chkec`k dnbrt !ar tnk mk$keaphk`t

peb` cs ic$k` lkeaw" ]nk peb` k>pebc`s tnk tbs2s $krsus tnk tchk

(c` wkk2s) tnky wcee tb2k ta dahpektk"

+bùbry &klrubry Hbrdn

\k;ucrkhk`t

Gbtnkrcì

#`beyscs

Mksci`

'amcì

]kstcì

hpekhk`t

9-

93

9?

95

9-

93

9?

95

9-

93

9?

95

9c„s brk wkk2s a! tnk ha`tns !ar c I- 3 ? 5

- (2>) -




Tystkh ksci`

` tncs pnbsk b eaicdbe systkh cs lucet wncdn !ue,es tnk ic$k`

rk;ucrkhk`ts" Mksci` pnbsk a! sa!twbrk mk$keaphk`t mkbes wctntrb`s!arhcì tnk dustahkrDs rk;ucrkhk`ts c`ta b eaicdbeey war2cì

systkh" Narhbeey mksci` cs pkr!arhkm c` tnk !aeeawcì c` tnk

!aeeawcì twa stkps:

-) !"chb"y ksci` !/bsk& ` tncs pnbsk tnk systkh cs

mksci`km bt lead2 ek$ke" ]nk lead2s brk drkbtkm a` tnk lbscs

a! b`beyscs ma`k c` tnk pralekh cmk`tc,dbtca` pnbsk"Mc7krk`t lead2s brk drkbtkm !ar mc7krk`t !u`dtca`s khpnbscs

cs put a` hc`chcscì tnk c`!arhbtca` Caw lktwkk` lead2s"

]nus bee bdtc$ctcks wncdn rk;ucrk hark c`tkrbdtca` brk 2kpt c`

a`k lead2"

3) Tk$a`b"y ksci` !/bsk & ` tnk skda`mbry pnbsk tnk

mktbcekm mksci` a! k$kry lead2 cs pkr!arhkm"

/k ik`k"b tbss c`DaDk c` t/k ksci` "a$kss b"k t/k

'aacì&

" Mksci` $brcaus lead2s !ar a$krbee systkh pradkssks"

" Mksci` shbeekr dahpbdt b`m war2blek hamueks c` kbdn

lead2"

" Mksci` $brcaus mbtblbsk strudturks"

- (2) -




?) Hkssbik c`strudtca`s ar c`!arhbtca` snauem lk mcspebykm

eaì kàuin ta beeaw tnk systkh uskr ta rkbm tnkh"

5) Fsk mcspeby bttrclutks spbrcìey"

8) Mk!buet $beuks !ar ,kems b`m b`swkrs ta lk k`tkrkm ly tnk

uskr snauem lk spkdc,km"

0) # uskr snauem àt lk beeawkm ta pradkkm wctnaut darrkdtcì

b` krrar"

1) ]nk systkh uskr snauem `k$kr ikt b` apkrbtcì systkh

hkssbik ar !btbe krrar"

- (<2) -




KT:F

]kstcì cs tnk pradkss c` wncdn tnk systkh cs ru` a` hbùbeey

drkbtkm c`put sa tnbt tnk systkh cs darrkdtey war2cì bs mkscrkm ar

àt"

Murcì systkhs tkstcì tnk systkh cs uskm k>pkrchk`tbeey ta

k`surk tnbt tnk sa!twbrk maks àt !bce" ` atnkr warms wk db` sby

tnbt ct wcee ru` bddarmcì ta cts spkdc,dbtca`s b`m c` tnk wby uskrs

k>pkdt" Tpkdcbe tkst mbtb brk c`put !ar pradksscì b`m tnk rksuets

k>bhc`km"

# echctkm ùhlkr a! uskrs hby lk beeawkm ta usk tnk systkh sa

tnbt b`beyst db` skk wnktnkr tnky try ta usk ct c` u`!arkskk`

wbys" t cs mkscrblek ta mcsda$kr b`y surprcsks lk!ark tnk

arib`cbtca` chpekhk`ts tnk systkh b`m mkpk`ms a` ct"

]kstcì a! b systkh cs ik`krbeey ma`k c` twa pnbsks O B`k cs 8`ct

kstcì wncdn cs ma`k !ar kbdn hamuek c`mkpk`mk`tey a` cts

dahpektca` b`m tnk atnkr a`k cs Tystkh kstcì wncdn cs ma`k

bt tnk k`m a! b prajkdt"

- (<<) -




W?0: %,K,

]nk $becmbtca` drctkrcb c` tncs prajkdt brk bs !aeeaws"""

` %4'ahhkrdk Kartbe Tystkh besa tnk uskr c`puts brk$becmbtkm lk!ark starcì tnkh b`m tnk` !urtnkr !ar mcspebycì ktd"

]nk hbc` $becmbtca`s tnbt brk ma`k c` %4'ahhkrdk Kartbe Tystkh

brk bs !aeeaws O

#ee tnk sdrkk`s nb$k b schcebr eaa2 b`m !kke" ]nky bee nb$k tnk

behast sbhk daear dahlc`btca`s c` cts lbd2irau`m" ]ncs pra$cmks

b lkttkr uskr c`tkr!bdk ta tnk uskrs"

-) ]nk prchbry 2ky $beuks db`àt lk mupecdbtkm"

3) #ee tnk k`trcks c` b`y dahla la> nb$k lkk` sartkm c`

bepnblktcdbe armkr" ]ncs nkeps b uskr wncek skekdtcì b $beuk

!rah tnk dahla la>"

H!0,:%K 05 KT:FMurcì systkhs tkstcì tnk systkh cs uskm k>pkrchk`tbeey ta

k`surk tnbt tnk sa!twbrk maks àt !bce" ` atnkr warms wk db` sby

tnbt ct wcee ru` bddarmcì ta cts spkdc,dbtca`s b`m c` tnk wby uskrs

k>pkdt" Tpkdcbe tkst mbtb brk c`put !ar pradksscì b`m tnk rksuets

k>bhc`km"

]nk chpartb`dk a! systkh tkstcì cs tnbt tnk systkh cs

k>pkdtkm ta ru` bddarmcì ta hkhlkrDs rk;ucrkhk`t lk!ark

mkec$krcì ct ta tnk dustahkr"

- (<4) -




]nk Tystkh cs tkstkm a` tnk lbscs a! spkdc,dbtca` sa tnbt ct

maks `at !bce a` uskr sctk"

- (<=) -




Chpekhktbtca bm ]kstci

Chpekhktbtca

ktbck ksci` a' hkhk`tbtca` 4 ]ncs pnbsk ag tnk systkhs

mkvkeaphkt ecgk dydek rkfl ks nbrmwbrk bm sagtwbrk spkdcfldbtcas,

kstblecsnks prairbhhci pebs, trbcs uskrs bm chpekhkts

kxtkscvk tkstci pradkmurks, ta kvbeubtk mksci bm apkrbtci

spkdcfldbtcas b m/ar pravcmk tnk lbscs gar gurtnkr hamcfldbtca.

k$/`c$b ksci` 4 ]ncs bdtcvcty lucems upa spkdcfldbtcas

pramudkm murci kw systkh mksci, bmmci mktbcekm tkdn cdbe

spkdcfldbtcas bm maduhktbtca.

kst Tk$c$btca`s b` !b` cì 4 ]ncs bdtcvcty prkpbrks

mktbcekm tkst spkdcfldbtcas gar cmcvcmube hamueks b m prairbhs, jal

strkbhs, sulsystkhs, bm gar tnk systkh bs b wnaek.

!"ai"bhhcì b` kstcì 4 ]ncs bdtcvcty kdahpbssks bdtube

mkvkeaphkt, wrctci, bm tkstci ag prairbh u cts ar hamueks"

8sk" "bc`cì 4 ]ncs bdtcvcty kdahpbssks wrctci uskr pradkmurk

hbubes, prkpbrbtca ag uskr trbcci hbtkrcbes, damudtci

- (<;) -




trbcci prairbhs, bm tkstci pradkmurks.

$$ktb`$k kst - B fl be pradkmurbe rkvckw ta mkhastrbtk b

systkh bm skdurk uskr bppravbe lkgark b systkh lkdahks

apkrbtcabe"

`stbbtca` !/bsk - C tncs pnbsk tnk kw Dahputkrczkm systkh

cs cstbeekm, tnk davkrsca ta kw pradkmurks cs gueey chpekhktkm,

bm tnk patktcbe ag tnk kw systkh cs kxpearkm.

Tystkh `stbbtca`: ]nk pradkss ag stbrtci tnk bdtube usk ag b

systkh bm trbcci uskr pkrsa ke c cts apkrbtca.

,kDck !/bsk 4 ]ncs pnbsk kvbeubtks tnk suddkssks bm gbceurks

murci b systkhs mkvkeaphkt prajkdt, bm ta hkbsurk tnk rksuets

ag b kw Dahputkrczkm ]rbsystkh c tkrhs ag lkkflts bm sbvcis

prajkdtkm bt tnk stbrt ag tnk prajkdt.

kDkahk`t ,k$b 4 B rkvckw ag b prajkdt chhkmcbtkey bgtkr

dahpektca ta fl m suddkssks bm patktcbe pralekhs c guturk waro.

!ast-hkhk`tbtca` ,kDck 4 B rkvckw, damudtkm bgtkr b kw

systkh nbs lkk c apkrbtca gar sahk tchk, ta kvbeubtk bdtube

systkh pkrgarhbdk bibcst arcicbe kxpkdtbtcas b m prajkdtcas

- (<7) -




gar dast-lkkflt chpravkhkts. Besa cmktcflks hbctkbdk prajkdts

ta knbdk ar chpravk tnk systkh.

K TK!T : K T05B,K KT:F

/k stks c`DaDk *"cì 8`ct tkstcì b"k bs 'aas&

b) Krkpbrbtca` a! tnk tkst dbsks"

l) Krkpbrbtca` a! tnk passclek tkst mbtb wctn bee tnk $becmbtca`

dnkd2s"

d) 'ahpektk damk rk$ckw a! tnk hamuek"

m) #dtube tkstcì ma`k hbùbeey"

k) Hamc,dbtca`s ma`k !ar tnk krrars !au`m murcì tkstc i"

!) Krkpbrkm tnk tkst rksuet sdrcpts"

/k *`ct tkstcì a`k c`$*k t/k tkstcì a' t/k 'aacì

ctkhs&

-) &u`dtca`becty a! tnk k`tcrk hamuekE!arhs"3) Jbecmbtca`s !ar uskr c`put"

?) 'nkd2c i a! tnk 'amcì stb`mbrms ta lk hbc tbc`km murcì

damcì"

5) ]kstcì tnk hamuek wctn bee tnk passclek tkst mbtb"

8) ]kstc i a! tnk !u`dtca`becty c`$ae$cì bee typk a! dbeduebtca`s

ktd"

0) 'ahhk`tcì stb`mbrm c` tnk saurdk ,eks"

#!tkr dahpektcì tnk F`ct tkstcì a! bee tnk hamueks tnk wnaek

- (<9) -




systkh cs c`tkirbtkm wctn bee cts mkpk`mk`dcks c` tnbt hamuek"

9ncek Tystkh `tkirbtca` 9k c`tkirbtkm tnk hamueks a`k ly a`k

b`m tkstkm tnk systkh bt kbdn stkp" ]ncs nkepkm c` rkmudtca` a!

krrars bt tnk tchk a! tnk systkh tkstcì"

/k stks c`DaDk *"cì Tystkh tkstcì b"k bs 'aas&

• `tkirbtca` a! bee tnk hamueksE!arhs c` tnk systkh"

• Krkpbrbtca` a! tnk tkst dbsks"

• Krkpbrbtca` a! tnk passclek tkst mbtb wctn bee tnk $becmbtca`

dnkd2s"

• #dtube tkstcì ma`k hbùbeey"

• \kdarmcì a! bee tnk rkpramudkm krrars"

• Hamc,dbtca`s ma`k !ar tnk krrars !au`m murcì tkstcì"

• Krkpbrkm tnk tkst rksuet sdrcpts b!tkr rkdtc,dbtca` a! tnk

krrars"

/k Tystkh kstcì a`k c`$*k t/k tkstcì a' t/k

'aacì ctkhs&

-" &u`dtca`becty a! tnk k`tcrk systkh bs b wnaek"

3" Fskr tkr!bdk a! tnk systkh"

?" ]kstcì tnk mkpk`mk`t hamueks taiktnkr wctn bee tnk passclek

- (<>) -




tkst mbtb sdrcpts"

5" Jkrc,dbtca` b`m Jbecmbtca` tkstcì"

8" ]kstcì tnk rkparts wctn bee cts !u`dtca`becty"

#!tkr tnk dahpektca` a! systkh tkstcì tnk `k>t !aeeawcì pnbsk

wbs tnk #ddkptb`dk ]kstcì" 'eck`ts bt tnkcr k`m mcm tncs b`m

bddkptkm tnk systkh wctn bpprkdcbtca`"

]nus wk rkbdnkm tnk ,`be pnbsk a! tnk prajkdt mkec$kry"

]nkrk brk atnkr sc> tksts wncdn !bee u`mkr spkdcbe dbtkiary" ]nky

brk mksdrclkm lkeaw:

c. !kb ?ab kst& t mktkrhc`ks wnktnkr tnk systkh wcee

nb`mek tnk $aeuhk a! bdtc$ctcks tnbt addur wnk` tnk systkh

cs bt tnk pkb2 a! cts pradksscì mkhb`m" &ar k>bhpek tkst

tnk systkh ly bdtc$btcì bee tkrhc`bes bt tnk sbhk tchk"

cc. Tta"bik kstcì& t mktkrhc`ks tnk dbpbdcty a! tnk systkh

ta stark trb`sbdtca` mbtb a` b mcs2 ar c` atnkr ,eks"

ccc. !k"'a"hb`$k chk kstcì& ct mktkrhc`ks tnk ekìtn a!

tchk systkh uskm ly tnk systkh ta pradkss trb`sbdtca` mbtb"

]ncs tkst cs da`mudtkm prcar ta chpekhk`tbtca` ta mktkrhc`k

naw eaì ct tb2ks ta ikt b rkspa`sk ta b` c`;ucry hb2k b

lbd2up dapy a! b ,ek ar sk`m b trb`shcssca` b`m ikt b

rkspa`sk"

- (<) -




cD. ,k$aDk"y kstcì& ]ncs tkstcì mktkrhc`ks tnk blcecty a!

uskr ta rkda$kr mbtb ar rk4stbrt systkh b!tkr !bceurk" &ar

k>bhpek eabm lbd2up dapy a! mbtb b`m rksuhk pradksscì

wctnaut mbtb ar c`tkircty eass"

D. !"a$k*"k kstcì& t mktkrhc`ks tnk debrcty a!

maduhk`tbtca` a` apkrbtca` b`m usks a! systkh ly nb$cì

uskrs ma k>bdtey wnbt hbùbes rk;ukst" &ar k>bhpek

pawkrcì maw` systkh bt tnk k`m a! wkk2 ar rkspa`mcì ta

pbpkr4aut ecint a` prc`tkr"

Dc. *hb` 5b$ta"s kstcì& t mktkrhc`ks naw uskrs wcee usk

tnk systkh wnk` pradksscì mbtb ar prkpbrcì rkparts"

- (46) -




%0T KTH0: 05 K !,01K%

Ta!twbrk dast dahprcsks b shbee pkrdk`tbik a! a$krbee dahputkr4

lbskm systkh dast" ]nkrk brk b ùhlkr a! !bdtars wncdn brk

da`scmkrkm tnbt db` b7kdt tnk uetchbtk dast a! tnk sa!twbrk sudn

bs 4 nuhb` tkdn`cdbe <brmwbrk b`m Ta!twbrk b$bceblcecty ktd"

]nk hbc` pac`t tnbt wbs da`scmkrkm murcì tnk dast kstchbtca` a!

"a#k$t wbs cts sccì" ` spctk a! dahpektk sa!twbrk sccì

!u`dtca` pac`t b`m bppra>chbtk ec`ks a! damk wkrk besa uskm ta

sck kbdn kekhk`t a! tnk Ta!twbrk b`m tnkcr dastcì"

]nk dast kstchbtca` ma`k ly hk !ar !"a#k$t besa mkpk`m upa` tnk

lbskec`k hktrcds daeekdtkm !rah pbst prajkdts b`m tnksk wkrk uskm

c` da`ju`dtca` wctn kstchbtca` $brcbleks ta mk$keap dast b`m k7art

prajkdtca`s"

9k nb$k lbscdbeey kstchbtkm tncs prajkdt hbcèy a` twa lbsks 4

2) KMa"t Kstchbtca` - ]ncs rk!krs ta tnk tatbe hb`4naurs

rk;ucrkm !ar tnk mk$keaphk`t a! tnk prajkdt" t k$k` c`deumks tnk

tchk rk;ucrkm !ar macì maduhk`tbtca` b`m uskr hbùbe"

<) b"b"k ,k*c"k Kstchbtca` - ]ncs c`deumks tnk dast a!

tnk K's b`m tnk nbrmwbrk dast rk;ucrkm !ar mk$keaphk`t a! tncs

prajkdt"

- (42) -




F: %,

Jbùbry Gklrubry Hbrdn

\kqucrkhk`t Ibtnkrcì

B`beyscs

Mksci`

Damcì

]kstcì

Chpekhk`t

9

-

9

3

9

?

9

5

9

-

9

3

9

?

9

5

9

-

9

3

9

?

95

Yc„ s brk kk!s a" tnk ha`tns# "ar c $%# &# '# (

- (4<) -




6-kDk 5&

2-kDk 5&

- (44) -

Tystkh

FskrE#mhc`cstrb

tar

Butput

?aic`

!"a$kss

Ttumk`t

k`try

#ttk`mb`

dk k`tryRukstc

a`

k`try

\kpart

Gk`krbtc

a`




Mbtb Mcdtca`bry a! tnk Krajkdt%>bhc`btca` Hb`bikhk`t

Tystkh

- (4=) -




8sk" b+k 5cks b` btbtyk

5ck :bhk btbtyk

uskr@cm #utaùhlkr

Fskr@`bhk ]k>t

Fskr@Kbsswarm ]k>t

Fskr@ek$ke ]k>t

Fskr@uskr@cm `tkikr

T*+#k$t b+k 5cks b` btbtyk

5ck :bhk btbtyk

suljkdt@cm #utaùhlkr

Tuljkdt@`bhk tk>t

L"b`$/ b+k 5cks b` btbtyk

5ck :bhk btbtyk

lrb`dn@cm #utaùhlkr

lrb`dn @`bhk tk>t

kb$/k" b+k 5cks b` btbtyk

5ck :bhk btbtyk

tkbdnkr@cm #utaùhlkr

tkbdnkr @`bhk tk>t

tkbdnkr@eadbe@bmmrkss ]k>t

- (4;) -




tkbdnkr@pkrhb`k`t@bmmrkss ]k>t

tkbdnkr@pna`k ]k>t

tkbdnkr@khbce ]k>t

tkbdnkr@ik`mkr ]k>t

Tt*k`t b+k 5cks b` btbtyk

5ck :bhk btbtyk

stumk`t@cm #uta`uhlkr

Ttumk`t@raee ]k>t

Ttumk`t@daursk tk>t

stumk`t @`bhk tk>t

stumk`t@eadbe@bmmrkss ]k>t

stumk`t@pkrhb`k`t@bmmrkss ]k>t

stumk`t@pna`k ]k>t

stumk`t@khbce ]k>t

stumk`t@ik`mkr ]k>t

*kstca` b+k 5cks b` btbtyk

5ck :bhk btbtyk

;ukstca`@cm #uta`uhlkr

;ukstca`@lrb`dn@cm tk>t

;ukstca`@suljkdt@cm ]k>t

;ukstca`@tctek ]k>t

;ukstca`@b`s- ]k>t

;ukstca`@b`s3 ]k>t

- (47) -




;ukstca`@b`s? ]k>t

;ukstca`@b`s5 ]k>t

;ukstca`@darrkdt tk>t

Kxbh ,ks*t b+k 5cks b` btbtyk

5ck :bhk btbtyk

rksuet@cm #uta`uhlkr

rksuet@uskr@cm tk>t

rksuet@;ukstca`@cm tk>t

rksuet@b`swkr tk>t

rksuet@darrkdt tk>t

rksuet@k>bh@cm tk>t

Tt*k`t ,ks*t b+k 5cks b` btbtyk

5ck :bhk btbtyk

rksuet@cm #uta`uhlkr

rksuet@k>bh@cm tk>t

rksuet@stumk`t@cm tk>t

rksuet@lrb`dn@cm tk>t

rksuet@suljkdt@cm tk>t

rksuet@tatbe@;ukstca` tk>t

rksuet@c`darrkdt@b`swkr tk>t

rksuet@darrkdt@b`swkr tk>t

- (49) -




Tdrkk`s a! tnk Krajkdt%>bhc`btca` Hb`bikhk`tTystkh

- (4>) -




- (4) -




- (=6) -




- (=2) -




- (=<) -




- (=4) -




- (==) -




- (=;) -




- (=7) -




- (=9) -




- (=>) -




- (=) -




- (;6) -




- (;2) -




- (;<) -




- (;4) -




- (;=) -




- (;;) -




- (;7) -




- (;9) -




- (;>) -




'amc`i a! tnk Krajkdt %>bhc`btca` Hb`bikhk`t

Tystkh

- (;) -




-amk ag H<C ,arh"

3rcvbtk Tul blt<*ecd-

grh!lautF.Tnaw

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul lc`ga<*ecd-

laa<c`ga.Tnaw

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul lrb`dn<rkpart<*ecd-

#rb`dn6kpart.Tnaw

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul dnb`ik3bss<*ecd-

grh*nb`ik3bss.Tnaw

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul kxct<*ecd-

K`m

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul H?C$arh<Labm-

*bee ml

Cg uskrLkvke D 'stumk`t' ]nk`

(ukstca`<hb`bikhk`t.5csclek D $besk

- (76) -




tkbdnkr<hb`bikhk`t.5csclek D $besk

uskrs<hb`bikhk`t.5csclek D $besk

stumk`t<hb`bikhk`t.5csclek D $besk

stumk`t<rksuet.5csclek D $besk

apk`wc`.5csclek D $besk

pra"kdt<rkpats.5csclek D $besk

grhKxbh.Tnaw

K`m Cg

Cg uskrLkvke D 'tkbdnkr' ]nk`

(ukstca`<hb`bikhk`t.5csclek D ]ruk

tkbdnkr<hb`bikhk`t.5csclek D $besk

uskrs<hb`bikhk`t.5csclek D $besk

stumk`t<hb`bikhk`t.5csclek D $besk

stumk`t<rksuet.5csclek D $besk

apk`wc`.5csclek D $besk

pra"kdt<rkpats.5csclek D $besk

grhMukstca`s.Tnaw

K`m Cg

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul (ukstca`<hb`bikhk`t<*ecd-

grhMukstca`s.Tnaw

K`m Tul

- (72) -




3rcvbtk Tul (ukstca`<rkpart<*ecd-

Mukstca`s.Tnaw

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul 6ksuets<*ecd-

6ksuet6kpart.Tnaw

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul stumk`t<hb`bikhk`t<*ecd-

grhTtumk`t.Tnaw

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul stumk`t<rkpart<*ecd-

Ttumk`t6kpart.Tnaw

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul sul"kdt<hb`bikhk`t<*ecd-

grhTul"kdt.Tnaw

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul lrb`dn<hb`bikhk`t<*ecd-

grh#rb`dn.Tnaw

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul sul"kdt<rkpart<*ecd-

- (7<) -




Tul"kdt6kpart.Tnaw

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul tkbdnkr<hb`bikhk`t<*ecd-

grh]kbdnkr.Tnaw

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul tkbdnkr<rkpart<*ecd-

]kbdnkr6kpart.Tnaw

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul uskrs<hb`bikhk`t<*ecd-

grh%skrs.Tnaw

K`m Tul

- (74) -




-amk ag .rb`dn

3rcvbtk Tul *ahhb`mF<*ecd-

?ch rs !s 2kw !?+?#.6kdarmskt

Cg lrb`dn<cm.]kxt G '' ]nk`

rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah lrb`dn wnkrk lrb`dn<cm D ' : ]rchlrb`dn<cm.]kxt-, d`,

bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

rslrb`dn<cm D lrb`dn<cm.]kxt

rslrb`dn<`bhk D lrb`dn<`bhk.]kxt

rs.%pmbtk

Hsi#ax '#rb`dn %pmbtkm Tuddkssgueey', vlC`garhbtca`

Kesk

rs.+pk` 'lrb`dn', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

rs.!mm2kw


rs.%pmbtk

Hsi#ax '#rb`dn !mmkm Tuddkssgueey', vlC`garhbtca` K`m Cg

*ahhb`mF.*bptca` D 'Tbvk 6kdarm'

*ahhb`m9.5csclek D $besk

*bee #rb`dn<$cee

*bee grhdekbr

K`m Tul

3ulecd Tul #rb`dn<$cee-

lrb`dnLcst.LcstCtkhs.*ekbr

Tkt rs D 2kw !?+?#.6kdarmskt

- (7=) -




?ch a<LcstCtkh !s LcstCtkh

rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah lrb`dn', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

?a ncek 2at rs.K+$ D ]ruk

Tkt a<LcstCtkh D lrb`dnLcst.LcstCtkhs.!mm, , rslrb`dn<cm-

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhsF- D rslrb`dn<`bhk

rs.Havk2kxt

Laap

rs.*eask

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul dhmbmm<*ecd-


rs.+pk` 'lrb`dn', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

rs.!mm2kw


rs.%pmbtk

Hsi#ax '#rb`dn Tbvkm Tuddkssgueey', vlC`garhbtca`

*bee grhdekbr

*bee #rb`dn<$cee

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul dhmmke<*ecd-


rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah lrb`dn wnkrk lrb`dn<cm D ' : ]rchlrb`dn<cm.]kxt-, d`,


b`s D Hsi#ax'!rk yau surk ta mkektk', vlJks2a O vlC`garhbtca`-

- (7;) -




Cg b`s D 8 ]nk`

rs.?kektk

Hsi#ax '#rb`dn ?kektkm Tuddkssgueey', vlC`garhbtca`

*bee #rb`dn<$cee

K`m Cg

*bee grhdekbr

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul dhmgc`m<*ecd-


?ch C? !s Ttrc`i

C? D C`put#ax'K`tkr tnk C?', ''-

rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah lrb`dn wnkrk lrb`dn<cm D' : C? : ' ', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt,bmLad+ptchcstcd

Cg rs.K+$ D ]ruk ]nk`

Hsi#ax '6kdarm 2at $au`m', vlC`garhbtca`, '2at Kxct'

Kxct Tul

Kesk

lrb`dn<cm.]kxt D rslrb`dn<cm

lrb`dn<`bhk.]kxt D rslrb`dn<`bhk

rs.Havk2kxt

K`m Cg

K`m Tul

- (77) -




3rcvbtk Tul dhmupmbtk<*ecd-


rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah lrb`dn wnkrk lrb`dn<cm D' : lrb`dn<cm.]kxt : ' ', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt,bmLad+ptchcstcd

rslrb`dn<cm D lrb`dn<cm.]kxt


rs.%pmbtk

Hsi#ax '#rb`dn %pmbtkm Tuddkssgueey', vlC`garhbtca`

*bee grhdekbr

*bee #rb`dn<$cee

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul $arh<Labm-

*bee #rb`dn<$cee

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul lrb`dnLcst<Ctkh*ecd#y5be Ctkh !s HT*ahdteLcl.LcstCtkh-

lrb`dn<cm.]kxt D lrb`dnLcst.TkekdtkmCtkh.]kxt

lrb`dn<`bhk.]kxt D lrb`dnLcst.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhsF-

K`m Tul

3ulecd $u`dtca` grhdekbr-

$ar Kbdn *a`trae C` Hk

Cg ]ypk+g *a`trae Cs ]kxt#ax ]nk`

- (79) -




*a`trae.]kxt D ''

K`m Cg

2kxt

K`m $u`dtca`

- (7>) -




-amk ag -nbìk Vbsswarm



rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah uskrs wnkrk uskr<cm D' : uskrLaic C? : ' ', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt,bmLad+ptchcstcd

Cg `kw3bsswarm.]kxt G da`gcrh3bsswarm.]kxt ]nk`

Hsi#ax '2kw 3bsswarm b`m *a`gcrh 3bsswarm maks àt hbtdn.', vlC`garhbtca`

Kxct Tul

K`m Cg

Cg rsuskr<pbsswarm G aem3bsswarm.]kxt ]nk`

Hsi#ax '+em 3bsswarm maks àt hbtdn', vlC`garhbtca`

Kxct Tul

K`m Cg

rs.*eask

rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah uskrs wnkrk uskr<cm D' : uskrLaic`C? : ' ', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt,bmLad+ptchcstcd

rsuskr<pbsswarm D `kw3bsswarm.]kxt

rs.%pmbtk

Hsi#ax '3bsswarm dnbìkm suddkssgueey', vlC`garhbtca`

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul dhmkxct<*ecd-

%èabm Hk

K`m Tul

- (7) -





K`m Tul

- (96) -




-amk ag Kxbh ,arh

?ch (ukstca`C?- !s C`tkikr

?ch (uks<rs !s 2kw !?+?#.6kdarmskt


?ch b`swkr !s Ttrc`i

E>kt tnk !`swkr

Cg +ptca`F.5beuk D ]ruk ]nk`

b`swkr D (uks<rs(ukstca`<b`sF

+ptca`F.5beuk D $besk

KeskCg +ptca`9.5beuk D ]ruk ]nk`

b`swkr D (uks<rs(ukstca`<b`s9

+ptca`9.5beuk D $besk

KeskCg +ptca`.5beuk D ]ruk ]nk`

b`swkr D (uks<rs(ukstca`<b`s

+ptca`.5beuk D $besk

KeskCg +ptca`@.5beuk D ]ruk ]nk`

b`swkr D (uks<rs(ukstca`<b`s@

+ptca`@.5beuk D $besk

K`m Cg

Cg b`swkr D '' ]nk`

Hsi#ax '*naask tnk b`swkr'

- (92) -




Kxct Tul

K`m Cg

ETbvk tnk !`swkr c`ta ?btblbsk


rs.+pk` 'kxbh<rksuet', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

rs.!mm2kw

rsrksuet<uskr<cm D uskrLaic`C?

rsrksuet<(ukstca`<cm D (uks<rs(ukstca`<cm

rsrksuet<b`swkr D b`swkr

rsrksuet<kxbh<cm D kxbhC?

rsrksuet<darrkdt D (uks<rs(ukstca`<darrkdt

rs.%pmbtk

rs.*eask

EHavk tnk Mukstca` c`ta `kxt

(uks<rs.Havk2kxt

Cg (uks<rs.K+$ D ]ruk ]nk`

Hk.;cmk

grh6ksuet.Tnaw

Kxct Tul

K`m Cg

(ukstca`.*bptca` D (uks<rs(ukstca`<tctek

+ptca`F.*bptca` D (uks<rs(ukstca`<b`sF

- (9<) -




+ptca`9.*bptca` D (uks<rs(ukstca`<b`s9

+ptca`.*bptca` D (uks<rs(ukstca`<b`s

+ptca`@.*bptca` D (uks<rs(ukstca`<b`s@

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul *ahhb`m9<*ecd-

(ukstca`<grbhk.5csclek D ]ruk

(ukstca`<dnacdk.5csclek D $besk

*bee Mukstca`Lcst

K`m Tul


*bee gceeTul"kdt

*bee gcee#rb`dn

kxbhC? D 2aw ) ?btkTkrcbeFA1=, F, F-- I 48@==

K`m Tul

3ulecd Tul Mukstca`Lcst-

(uks<rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah (ukstca` wnkrk (ukstca`<lrb`dn<cm DE' :

(ukstca`<lrb`dn<cm.]kxt : 'E !2? (ukstca`<sul"kdt<cm D E' : (ukstca`<sul"kdt<cm.]kxt : 'E',

d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

(ukstca`.*bptca` D (uks<rs(ukstca`<tctek

+ptca`F.*bptca` D (uks<rs(ukstca`<b`sF

+ptca`9.*bptca` D (uks<rs(ukstca`<b`s9

+ptca`.*bptca` D (uks<rs(ukstca`<b`s

+ptca`@.*bptca` D (uks<rs(ukstca`<b`s@

- (94) -




lrb`dnC? D (ukstca`<lrb`dn<cm.]kxt

sul"kdtC? D (ukstca`<sul"kdt<cm.]kxt

K`m Tul

3ulecd $u`dtca` gceeTul"kdt-


rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah sul"kdt', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd


(ukstca`<sul"kdt<cm.!mmCtkh rssul"kdt<`bhk

rs.Havk2kxt

Laap

rs.*eask

K`m $u`dtca`

3ulecd $u`dtca` gcee#rb`dn-




(ukstca`<lrb`dn<cm.!mmCtkh rslrb`dn<`bhk

rs.Havk2kxt

Laap

rs.*eask

K`m $u`dtca`

- (9=) -




-amk ag &aic` ,arh

3rcvbtk Tul dhma<*ecd-

Cg ]rchtxtuskr bhk.]kxt- D '' ]nk`

Hsi#ax '3ekbsk K`tkr tnk %skr<2bhk lkgark k`tkr.', , '#eb` 5beuk'

txtuskr`bhk.Tkt$adus

Kxct Tul

KeskCg ]rchtxtpbsswarm.]kxt- D '' ]nk`

Hsi#ax '3ekbsk K`tkr 3bsswarm lkgark k`tkr.', , '#eb` 5beuk'

txtpbsswarm.Tkt$adus

Kxct Tul

K`m Cg


rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah uskrs ;K6K uskr<`bhk D E' : ]rchtxtuskr`bhk.]kxt- : 'E', d`,bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

Cg ]rchtxtuskr`bhk.]kxt- D ]rchrsuskr<`bhk- !`m ]rchtxtpbsswarm.]kxt- D ]rchrs

uskr<pbsswarm- ]nk`

%`eabm Hk

uskrLaic`C? D rsuskr<uskr<cm

uskrLkvke D rsuskr<ekvke

grhTpebsn.Tnaw

d`.*eask

Kesk

- (9;) -




Hsi#ax 'C`vbecm uskr `bhk'

K`m Cg

K`m Tul


K`m

K`m Tul


*bee ml

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul thrlec`<]chkr-

Cg elelec`.5csclek D ]ruk ]nk`

elelec`.5csclek D $besk

KeskCg elelec`.5csclek D $besk ]nk`

elelec`.5csclek D ]ruk

K`m Cg

K`m Tul

- (97) -




-amk ag 4ukstca` ,arh



rs.+pk` '(ukstca`', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

rs.!mm2kw

rs(ukstca`<lrb`dn<cm D (ukstca`<lrb`dn<cm.]kxt

rs(ukstca`<sul"kdt<cm D (ukstca`<sul"kdt<cm.]kxt

rs(ukstca`<tctek D (ukstca`<tctek.]kxt

rs(ukstca`<b`sF D (ukstca`<b`sF.]kxt

rs(ukstca`<b`s9 D (ukstca`<b`s9.]kxt

rs(ukstca`<b`s D (ukstca`<b`s.]kxt

rs(ukstca`<b`s@ D (ukstca`<b`s@.]kxt

rs(ukstca`<darrkdt D (ukstca`<darrkdt.]kxt

rs.%pmbtk

Hsi#ax 'suddkssgueey !mmkm', vlC`garhbtca`

*bee grhdekbr

*bee Lcst<$cee

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul dhmdekbr<*ecd-

*bee grhdekbr

- (99) -




K`m Tul



rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah (ukstca` wnkrk (ukstca`<cm D' : (ukstca`<cm.]kxt : ' ', d`,bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

b`s D Hsi#ax'!rk u surk ta mkektk tnk rkdarm', vlJks2a O vlC`garhbtca`-

Cg b`s D 8 ]nk`

rs.?kektk

*bee grhdekbr

*bee Lcst<$cee

K`m Cg

K`m Tul


%`eabm Hk

K`m Tul



?ch C? !s Ttrc`i


rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah (ukstca` wnkrk (ukstca`<cm D' : C? : ' ', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt,

bmLad+ptchcstcd

- (9>) -






Kxct Tul

Kesk

(ukstca`<cm.]kxt D rs(ukstca`<cm

(ukstca`<lrb`dn<cm.]kxt D rs(ukstca`<lrb`dn<cm

(ukstca`<sul"kdt<cm.]kxt D rs(ukstca`<sul"kdt<cm

(ukstca`<tctek.]kxt D rs(ukstca`<tctek

(ukstca`<b`sF.]kxt D rs(ukstca`<b`sF

(ukstca`<b`s9.]kxt D rs(ukstca`<b`s9

(ukstca`<b`s.]kxt D rs(ukstca`<b`s

(ukstca`<b`s@.]kxt D rs(ukstca`<b`s@

(ukstca`<darrkdt.]kxt D rs(ukstca`<darrkdt

rs.Havk2kxt

K`m Cg

K`m Tul


+` Krrar 6ksuhk 2kxt


rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah (ukstca` wnkrk (ukstca`<cm D' : (ukstca`<cm.]kxt : ' ', d`,bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

- (9) -




rs(ukstca`<cm D (ukstca`<cm.]kxt

rs(ukstca`<lrb`dn<cm D (ukstca`<lrb`dn<cm.]kxt

rs(ukstca`<sul"kdt<cm D (ukstca`<sul"kdt<cm.]kxt

rs(ukstca`<tctek D (ukstca`<tctek.]kxt

rs(ukstca`<b`sF D (ukstca`<b`sF.]kxt

rs(ukstca`<b`s9 D (ukstca`<b`s9.]kxt

rs(ukstca`<b`s D (ukstca`<b`s.]kxt

rs(ukstca`<b`s@ D (ukstca`<b`s@.]kxt

rs(ukstca`<darrkdt D (ukstca`<darrkdt.]kxt

rs.%pmbtk

Hsi#ax 'suddkssgueey %pmbtk', vlC`garhbtca`

*bee grhdekbr

*bee Lcst<$cee

K`m Tul




*a`trae.]kxt D ''

K`m Cg

2kxt

- (>6) -




K`m $u`dtca`


*bee Lcst<$cee

*bee gceeTul"kdt

*bee gcee#rb`dn

K`m Tul

3ulecd Tul Lcst<$cee-

ctkhLcstc`i.LcstCtkhs.*ekbr



rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah (ukstca`', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd


Tkt a<LcstCtkh D ctkhLcstc`i.LcstCtkhs.!mm, , rs(ukstca`<cm-

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhsF- D rs(ukstca`<lrb`dn<cm

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs9- D rs(ukstca`<sul"kdt<cm

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs- D rs(ukstca`<tctek

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs@- D rs(ukstca`<b`sF

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhsB- D rs(ukstca`<b`s9

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs8- D rs(ukstca`<b`s

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs1- D rs(ukstca`<b`s@

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs4- D rs(ukstca`<darrkdt

rs.Havk2kxt

- (>2) -




Laap

rs.*eask

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul ctkhLcstcì<Ctkh*ecd#y5be Ctkh !s HT*ahdteLcl.LcstCtkh-

(ukstca`<cm.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.]kxt

(ukstca`<lrb`dn<cm.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhsF-

(ukstca`<sul"kdt<cm.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs9-

(ukstca`<tctek.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs-

(ukstca`<b`sF.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs@-

(ukstca`<b`s9.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhsB-

(ukstca`<b`s.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs8-

(ukstca`<b`s@.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs1-

(ukstca`<darrkdt.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs4-

K`m Tul

3ulecd $u`dtca` gceeTul"kdt-




(ukstca`<sul"kdt<cm.!mmCtkh rssul"kdt<`bhk

rs.Havk2kxt

Laap

rs.*eask

- (><) -




K`m $u`dtca`

3ulecd $u`dtca` gcee#rb`dn-




(ukstca`<lrb`dn<cm.!mmCtkh rslrb`dn<`bhk

rs.Havk2kxt

Laap

rs.*eask

K`m $u`dtca`

- (>4) -




-amk ag /ksuet ,arh


K`m

K`m Tul


*bee dbeduebtk6ksuet

K`m Tul

3ulecd $u`dtca` dbeduebtk6ksuet-

kxbhC? D 'F@@=9@8A@='

E ]atbe *arrkdt b`m C`*arrrkdt !`swkr

darrkdt!`swkr D =

c`*arrkdt!`swkr D =

tatbeMukstca` D =


rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah kxbh<rksuet wnkrk rksuet<kxbh<cm D E' : kxbhC? : 'E', d`,bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd


Cg rsrksuet<b`swkr D rsrksuet<darrkdt ]nk`

darrkdt!`swkr D darrkdt!`swkr O F

Kesk

c`*arrkdt!`swkr D c`*arrkdt!`swkr O F

K`m Cg

tatbeMukstca` D tatbeMukstca` O F

- (>=) -




rs.Havk2kxt

Laap

rs.*eask

E Tbvk tnk 6ksuet c`ta ?btblbsk

rs.+pk` 'stumk`t<rksuets', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

rs.!mm2kw

rsrksuet<kxbh<cm D kxbhC?

rsrksuet<stumk`t<cm D uskrLaic`C?

rsrksuet<lrb`dn<cm D lrb`dnC?

rsrksuet<sul"kdt<cm D sul"kdtC?

rsrksuet<tatbe<(ukstca` D tatbeMukstca`

rsrksuet<c`darrkdt<b`swkr D c`*arrkdt!`swkr

rsrksuet<darrkdt<b`swkr D darrkdt!`swkr

rs.%pmbtk

E Tkt tnk Lblek ]kxt

yaur<cm.*bptca` D uskrLaic`C?

lrb`dn.*bptca` D lrb`dnC?

sul"kdt.*bptca` D sul"kdtC?

darrkdt.*bptca` D darrkdt!`swkr

c`darrkdt.*bptca` D c`*arrkdt!`swkr

(ukstca`.*bptca` D tatbeMukstca`

K`m $u`dtca`

- (>;) -




-amk ag Ttumk`t ,arh



rs.+pk` 'stumk`t', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

rs.!mm2kw

rsstumk`t<`bhk D stumk`t<`bhk.]kxt

rsstumk`t<daursk D stumk`t<daursk.]kxt

rsstumk`t<raee D stumk`t<raee.]kxt

rsstumk`t<khbce D stumk`t<khbce.]kxt

rsstumk`t<halcek D stumk`t<halcek.]kxt

rsstumk`t<bmmrkss D stumk`t<bmmrkss.]kxt

Cg stumk`t<hbek.5beuk D ]ruk ]nk` rsstumk`t<ik`mkr D F

Cg stumk`t<gkhbek.5beuk D ]ruk ]nk` rsstumk`t<ik`mkr D 9

rs.%pmbtk


*bee grhdekbr

*bee Lcst<$cee

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul dhmdekbr<*ecd-*bee grhdekbr

K`m Tul

- (>7) -






rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah stumk`t wnkrk stumk`t<cm D' : stumk`t<cm.]kxt : ' ', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt,bmLad+ptchcstcd


Cg b`s D 8 ]nk`

rs.?kektk

*bee grhdekbr

*bee Lcst<$cee

K`m Cg

K`m Tul


%`eabm Hk

K`m Tul



?ch C? !s Ttrc`i


rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah stumk`t wnkrk stumk`t<cm D ' : C? : ' ', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt,

bmLad+ptchcstcd

- (>9) -






Kxct Tul

Kesk

stumk`t<cm.]kxt D rsstumk`t<cm

stumk`t<`bhk.]kxt D rsstumk`t<`bhk

stumk`t<daursk.]kxt D rsstumk`t<daursk

stumk`t<raee.]kxt D rsstumk`t<raee

stumk`t<khbce.]kxt D rsstumk`t<khbce

stumk`t<halcek.]kxt D rsstumk`t<halcek

stumk`t<bmmrkss.]kxt D rsstumk`t<bmmrkss

Cg rsstumk`t<ik`mkr D F ]nk`

stumk`t<hbek.5beuk D ]ruk

Kesk

stumk`t<gkhbek.5beuk D ]ruk

K`m Cg

rs.Havk2kxt

K`m Cg

K`m Tul


- (>>) -






rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah stumk`t wnkrk stumk`t<cm D' : stumk`t<cm.]kxt : ' ', d`,bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

rsstumk`t<cm D stumk`t<cm.]kxt

rsstumk`t<`bhk D stumk`t<`bhk.]kxt

rsstumk`t<daursk D stumk`t<daursk.]kxt

rsstumk`t<raee D stumk`t<raee.]kxt

rsstumk`t<khbce D stumk`t<khbce.]kxt

rsstumk`t<halcek D stumk`t<halcek.]kxt

rsstumk`t<bmmrkss D stumk`t<bmmrkss.]kxt

Cg stumk`t<hbek.5beuk D ]ruk ]nk` rsstumk`t<ik`mkr D F

Cg stumk`t<gkhbek.5beuk D ]ruk ]nk` rsstumk`t<ik`mkr D 9

rs.%pmbtk


*bee grhdekbr

*bee Lcst<$cee

K`m Tul



- (>) -





*a`trae.]kxt D ''

K`m Cg

2kxt

K`m $u`dtca`


*bee Lcst<$cee

K`m Tul





rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah stumk`t', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd


Tkt a<LcstCtkh D ctkhLcstc`i.LcstCtkhs.!mm, , rsstumk`t<cm-

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhsF- D rsstumk`t<`bhk

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs9- D rsstumk`t<daursk

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs- D rsstumk`t<raee

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs@- D rsstumk`t<khbce

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhsB- D rsstumk`t<halcek

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs8- D rsstumk`t<bmmrkss

- (6) -




a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs1- D rsstumk`t<ik`mkr

rs.Havk2kxt

Laap

rs.*eask

K`m Tul


stumk`t<cm.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.]kxt

stumk`t<`bhk.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhsF-

stumk`t<daursk.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs9-

stumk`t<raee.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs-

stumk`t<khbce.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs@-

stumk`t<halcek.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhsB-

stumk`t<bmmrkss.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs8-

Cg ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs1- D F ]nk`

stumk`t<hbek.5beuk D ]ruk

Kesk

stumk`t<gkhbek.5beuk D ]ruk

K`m Cg

K`m Tul

- (2) -




-amk ag Tuljkdt ,arh



rs.+pk` 'sul"kdt', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

rs.!mm2kw

rssul"kdt<`bhk D sul"kdt<`bhk.]kxt

rs.%pmbtk

Hsi#ax 'Tul"kdt %pmbtkm Tuddkssgueey', vlC`garhbtca`

*bee grhdekbr

*bee Tul"kdt<$cee

K`m Tul

3ulecd Tul Tul"kdt<$cee-

sul"kdtLcst.LcstCtkhs.*ekbr





Tkt a<LcstCtkh D sul"kdtLcst.LcstCtkhs.!mm, , rssul"kdt<cm-

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhsF- D rssul"kdt<`bhk

rs.Havk2kxt Laap

rs.*eask

- (<) -




K`m Tul



rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah sul"kdt wnkrk sul"kdt<cm D ' : ]rchsul"kdt<cm.]kxt-, d`,bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

b`s D Hsi#ax'!rk yau surk ta mkektk', vlJks2a O vlC`garhbtca`-

Cg b`s D 8 ]nk`

rs.?kektk

Hsi#ax 'rkdarm mkektkm', vlC`garhbtca`

*bee Tul"kdt<$cee

K`m Cg

*bee grhdekbr

K`m Tul



?ch C? !s Ttrc`i


rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah sul"kdt wnkrk sul"kdt<cm D ' : C? : ' ', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt,bmLad+ptchcstcd



- (4) -




Kxct Tul

Kesk

sul"kdt<cm.]kxt D rssul"kdt<cm

sul"kdt<`bhk.]kxt D rssul"kdt<`bhk

rs.Havk2kxt

K`m Cg

K`m Tul



rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah sul"kdt wnkrk sul"kdt<cm D' : sul"kdt<cm.]kxt : ' ', d`,


rssul"kdt<cm D sul"kdt<cm.]kxt

rssul"kdt<`bhk D sul"kdt<`bhk.]kxt

rs.%pmbtk

Hsi#ax 'Tul"kdt Tuddkssgueey %pmbtk', vlC`garhbtca`

*bee grhdekbr

*bee Tul"kdt<$cee

K`m Tul


*bee Tul"kdt<$cee

- (=) -




K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul sul"kdtLcst<Ctkh*ecd#y5be Ctkh !s HT*ahdteLcl.LcstCtkh-

sul"kdt<cm.]kxt D sul"kdtLcst.TkekdtkmCtkh.]kxt

sul"kdt<`bhk.]kxt D sul"kdtLcst.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhsF-

K`m Tul




*a`trae.]kxt D ''

K`m Cg

2kxt

K`m $u`dtca`

- (;) -




-amk ag ]kbdnkr ,arh



rs.+pk` 'tkbdnkr', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

rs.!mm2kw

rstkbdnkr<`bhk D tkbdnkr<`bhk.]kxt

rstkbdnkr<pna`k D tkbdnkr<pna`k.]kxt

rstkbdnkr<khbce D tkbdnkr<khbce.]kxt

rstkbdnkr<eadbe<bmmrkss D tkbdnkr<eadbe<bmmrkss.]kxt

rstkbdnkr<pkrhb`k`t<bmmrkss D tkbdnkr<pkrhb`k`t<bmmrkss.]kxt

Cg tkbdnkr<hbek.5beuk D ]ruk ]nk` rstkbdnkr<ik`mkr D F

Cg tkbdnkr<gkhbek.5beuk D ]ruk ]nk` rstkbdnkr<ik`mkr D 9

rs.%pmbtk


*bee grhdekbr

*bee Lcst<$cee

K`m Tul


*bee grhdekbr

K`m Tul



- (7) -




rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah tkbdnkr wnkrk tkbdnkr<cm D' : tkbdnkr<cm.]kxt : ' ', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt,

bmLad+ptchcstcd


Cg b`s D 8 ]nk`

rs.?kektk

*bee grhdekbr

*bee Lcst<$cee

K`m Cg

K`m Tul


%`eabm Hk

K`m Tul



?ch C? !s Ttrc`i


rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah tkbdnkr wnkrk tkbdnkr<cm D ' : C? : ' ', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt,

bmLad+ptchcstcd



Kxct Tul

- (9) -




Kesk

tkbdnkr<cm.]kxt D rstkbdnkr<cm

tkbdnkr<`bhk.]kxt D rstkbdnkr<`bhk

tkbdnkr<pna`k.]kxt D rstkbdnkr<pna`k

tkbdnkr<khbce.]kxt D rstkbdnkr<khbce

tkbdnkr<eadbe<bmmrkss.]kxt D rstkbdnkr<eadbe<bmmrkss

tkbdnkr<pkrhb`k`t<bmmrkss.]kxt D rstkbdnkr<pkrhb`k`t<bmmrkss

Cg rstkbdnkr<ik`mkr D F ]nk`

tkbdnkr<hbek.5beuk D ]ruk

Kesk

tkbdnkr<gkhbek.5beuk D ]ruk

K`m Cg

rs.Havk2kxt

K`m Cg

K`m Tul




rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah tkbdnkr wnkrk tkbdnkr<cm D' : tkbdnkr<cm.]kxt : ' ', d`,bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

- (>) -




rstkbdnkr<cm D tkbdnkr<cm.]kxt

rstkbdnkr<`bhk D tkbdnkr<`bhk.]kxt

rstkbdnkr<pna`k D tkbdnkr<pna`k.]kxt

rstkbdnkr<khbce D tkbdnkr<khbce.]kxt

rstkbdnkr<eadbe<bmmrkss D tkbdnkr<eadbe<bmmrkss.]kxt

rstkbdnkr<pkrhb`k`t<bmmrkss D tkbdnkr<pkrhb`k`t<bmmrkss.]kxt

Cg tkbdnkr<hbek.5beuk D ]ruk ]nk` rstkbdnkr<ik`mkr D F

Cg tkbdnkr<gkhbek.5beuk D ]ruk ]nk` rstkbdnkr<ik`mkr D 9

rs.%pmbtk


*bee grhdekbr

*bee Lcst<$cee

K`m Tul




*a`trae.]kxt D ''

K`m Cg

2kxt

K`m $u`dtca`

- () -





*bee Lcst<$cee

K`m Tul





rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah tkbdnkr', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd


Tkt a<LcstCtkh D ctkhLcstc`i.LcstCtkhs.!mm, , rstkbdnkr<cm-

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhsF- D rstkbdnkr<`bhk

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs9- D rstkbdnkr<pna`k

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs- D rstkbdnkr<khbce

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs@- D rstkbdnkr<ik`mkr

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhsB- D rstkbdnkr<eadbe<bmmrkss

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs8- D rstkbdnkr<pkrhb`k`t<bmmrkss

rs.Havk2kxt

Laap

rs.*eask

K`m Tul


- (266) -




tkbdnkr<cm.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.]kxt

tkbdnkr<`bhk.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhsF-

tkbdnkr<pna`k.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs9-

tkbdnkr<khbce.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs-

tkbdnkr<eadbe<bmmrkss.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhsB-

tkbdnkr<pkrhb`k`t<bmmrkss.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs8-

Cg ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs@- D F ]nk`

tkbdnkr<hbek.5beuk D ]ruk

Kesk

tkbdnkr<gkhbek.5beuk D ]ruk

K`m Cg

K`m Tul

- (262) -




-amk ag =skr ,arh



rs.+pk` 'uskrs', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd

rs.!mm2kw

rsuskr<`bhk D uskr<`bhk.]kxt

rsuskr<pbsswarm D uskr<pbsswarm.]kxt

rsuskr<ekvke D uskr<ekvke.]kxt

rsuskr<uskr<cm D uskr<uskr<cm.]kxt

rs.%pmbtk


*bee grhdekbr

*bee Lcst<$cee

K`m Tul


*bee grhdekbr

K`m Tul

3rcvbtk Tul dhmmke<*ecd-?ch rs !s 2kw !?+?#.6kdarmskt

rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah uskrs wnkrk uskr<cm D' : uskr<cm.]kxt : ' ', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt,

bmLad+ptchcstcd

- (26<) -





Cg b`s D 8 ]nk`

rs.?kektk

*bee grhdekbr

*bee Lcst<$cee

K`m Cg

K`m Tul


%`eabm Hk

K`m Tul



?ch C? !s Ttrc`i


rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah uskrs wnkrk uskr<cm D ' : C? : ' ', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd



Kxct Tul

Kesk

uskr<cm.]kxt D rsuskr<cm

uskr<`bhk.]kxt D rsuskr<`bhk

- (264) -




uskr<pbsswarm.]kxt D rsuskr<pbsswarm

uskr<ekvke.]kxt D rsuskr<ekvke

uskr<uskr<cm.]kxt D rsuskr<uskr<cm

rs.Havk2kxt

K`m Cg

K`m Tul




rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah uskrs wnkrk uskr<cm D' : uskr<cm.]kxt : ' ', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt,bmLad+ptchcstcd

rsuskr<cm D uskr<cm.]kxt

rsuskr<`bhk D uskr<`bhk.]kxt

rsuskr<pbsswarm D uskr<pbsswarm.]kxt

rsuskr<ekvke D uskr<ekvke.]kxt

rsuskr<uskr<cm D uskr<uskr<cm.]kxt

rs.%pmbtk


*bee grhdekbr

- (26=) -




*bee Lcst<$cee

K`m Tul




*a`trae.]kxt D ''

K`m Cg

2kxt

K`m $u`dtca`


*bee Lcst<$cee

*bee gceeLkvke

K`m Tul





rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah uskrs', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd


- (26;) -




Tkt a<LcstCtkh D ctkhLcstcì.LcstCtkhs.!mm, , rsuskr<cm-

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhsF- D rsuskr<`bhk

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs9- D rsuskr<pbsswarm

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs- D rsuskr<ekvke

a<LcstCtkh.TulCtkhs@- D rsuskr<uskr<cm

rs.Havk2kxt

Laap

rs.*eask

K`m Tul


uskr<cm.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.]kxt

uskr<`bhk.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhsF-

uskr<pbsswarm.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs9-

uskr<ekvke.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs-

uskr<uskr<cm.]kxt D ctkhLcstcì.TkekdtkmCtkh.TulCtkhs@-

K`m Tul

3ulecd $u`dtca` gceeLkvke-

uskr<ekvke.!mmCtkh '!mhc`'

uskr<ekvke.!mmCtkh ']kbdnkr'

uskr<ekvke.!mmCtkh 'Ttumk`t'

K`m $u`dtca`

- (267) -




3rcvbtk Tul uskr<ekvke<*ecd-


uskr<uskr<cm.*ekbr

Cg uskr<ekvke.]kxt D ']kbdnkr' ]nk`

uskr<uskr<cm.]kxt D 'Tkekdt ]kbdnkr C?'

rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah tkbdnkr', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd


uskr<uskr<cm.!mmCtkh rstkbdnkr<cm

rs.Havk2kxt

Laap

rs.*eask

KeskCg uskr<ekvke.]kxt D 'Ttumk`t' ]nk`

uskr<uskr<cm.]kxt D 'Tkekdt Ttumk`t C?'

rs.+pk` 'skekdt I grah stumk`t', d`, bm+pk`Nkyskt, bmLad+ptchcstcd


uskr<uskr<cm.!mmCtkh rsstumk`t<cm

rs.Havk2kxt

Laap

rs.*eask

K`m Cg

K`m Tul

- (269) -




-amk ag Hamuek

3ulecd d` !s 2kw !?+?#.*a``kdtca`

3ulecd uskrLaic`C? !s Ttrcì

3ulecd uskrLkvke !s Ttrcì

3ulecd kxbhC? !s Ttrcì

3ulecd lrb`dnC? !s Ttrcì

3ulecd sul"kdtC? !s Ttrcì

3ulecd $u`dtca` ml-

d`.*a``kdtca`Ttrcì D '3ravcmkrDHcdrasagt.!*K.+LK?#.F9.=V?btb

TaurdkD*/R%skrsR3rcyb`bR?aduhk`tsRKxbhc`btca`.bddmlV3krscst Tkdurcty C`gaD$beskV'

d`.+pk`

K`m $u`dtca`

- (26>) -




-a`deusca`

]nk Kxbhc`btca` Hb`bikhk`t Tystkh cs mkvkeapkm usc`i 5csube #bscd gueey hkkts tnk

al"kdtcvks ag tnk systkh wncdn ct nbs lkk` mkvkeapkm. ]nk systkh mksci` b`m b`beyscs nbsrkbdnkm b stkbmy stbtk wnkrk bee luis nbvk lkk` kechc`btkm. ]nk systkh cs apkrbtkm bt b

ncin ekvke ag kggcdck`dy b`m bee tnk tkbdnkrs b`m uskr bssadcbtkm wctn tnk systkh

u`mkrstb`ms cts bmvb`tbik. ]nk systkh saevks tnk pralekh. Ct wbs c`tk`mkm ta saevk bs

rk(ucrkhk`t spkdcgcdbtca`.

/kgkrk`dks b`m .clecairbpny"

• nttps/&&hsm`.hcdrasagt.dah&k`)us&eclrbry&Azyzd=twvDvs.A=-.bspx

• nttp/&&vl8rkgkrk`dk.tahswklmksci`.`kt&

• nttp/&&www.secmksnbrk.`kt&nbrc`cprcyb9&vcsube)lbscd)8)tnk)dahpektk)rkgkrk`dk

• nttp/&&www.tutarcbespac`t.dah&ecsttutarcbes&hs)bddkss&F

• nttp/&&www.(ubdct.dah&hcdrasagt<bddkss&tutarcbe&

Visual Basic Project in Examination Management System

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Transcript of Visual Basic Project in Examination Management System