ASHRAE ADDENDAASHRAE ADDENDA

American Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.org

Ventilationfor AcceptableIndoor Air Quality

ANSI/ASHRAE Addenda a, b, c, d, and g toANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004

See appendix for approval dates by the ASHRAE Standards Committee, the ASHRAE Board of Directors, and theAmerican National Standards Insitute.

This standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which theStandards Committee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions,including procedures for timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the stan-dard. The change submittal form, instructions, and deadlines may be obtained in electronic form from the ASHRAEWeb site, http://www.ashrae.org, or in paper form from the Manager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAEStandard may be purchased from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305.E-mail: orders@ashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada).

© Copyright 2006 ASHRAE, Inc.

ISSN 1041-2336

2006 SUPPLEMENT

www.ansi.org

Addendum a and d

ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2005-2006

Richard D. Hermans, ChairDavid E. Knebel, Vice-ChairDonald L. BrandtSteven T. BushbyPaul W. CabotHugh F. CrowtherSamuel D. Cummings, Jr.Robert G. DoerrHakim ElmahdyRoger L. HedrickJohn F. HoganFrank E. JakobStephen D. Kennedy

Jay A. KohlerJames D. Lutz

Merle F. McBrideMark P. Modera

Cyrus H. NasseriStephen V. Santoro

Steven V. SkalkoDavid R. Tree

Jerry W. White, Jr.James E. Woods

William E. Murphy, BOD ExORonald E. Jarnagin, CO

Claire B. Ramspeck, Assistant Director of Standards and Special Projects

ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 62.1 Cognizant TC: 5.12, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

SPLS Liaison: Richard D. Hermans

Dennis A. Stanke, Chair*Roger L. Hedrick, Vice-Chair*Leon E. Alevantis*Michael G. ApteLynn G. BellengerDavid C. Bixby*Hoy R. Bohanon, Jr.*Mark P. ButtnerWaller S. ClementsLeonard A. DamianoRichard A. Danks*Francis J. Fisher, Jr.*

Francis Michael GalloJohn Girman*Donald C. HerrmannThomas P. Houston*Eli P. Howard, III*Roger L. HowardDon MacMillanChris R. MageeCarl A. Marbery*John K. McFarlandChristopher O. Muller*John E. Osborn*

Walter L. Raynaud*

Lisa J. Rogers

Lawrence J. Schoen*

Sitaraman Chandra Sekhar

Dennis M. Siano

Anthony J. Spata

Jan Sundell*

Wayne R. Thomann

Dilip Y. Vyavaharkar

Michael W. Woodford*

* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication

Addenda b and c

ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 62.1 Cognizant TC: TC 5.12, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

SPLS Liaison: Richard D. Hermans

Dennis A. Stanke, Chair*Leon E. Alevantis*Michael G. ApteLynn G. BellengerDavid C. Bixby*Hoy R. Bohanon, Jr.*Waller S. ClementsJames L. Coggins*Leonard A. DamianoRichard A. Danks*Francis J. Fisher, Jr.*

Francis Michael GalloJohn Girman*Roger L. HedrickDonald C. HerrmannThomas P. Houston*Eli P. Howard, III*Roger L. HowardCarl A. MarberyJohn K. McFarlandChristopher O. Muller*John E. Osborn*

Walter L. Raynaud*

Lisa J. Rogers

Lawrence J. Schoen*

Sitaraman Chandra Sekhar

Anthony J. Spata

Jan Sundell*

Wayne R. Thomann

Dilip Y. Vyavaharkar

Michael W. Woodford**Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication

ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2005-2006

Richard D. Hermans, ChairDavid E. Knebel, Vice-ChairDonald L. BrandtSteven T. BushbyPaul W. CabotHugh F. CrowtherSamuel D. Cummings, Jr.Robert G. DoerrHakim ElmahdyRoger L. HedrickJohn F. HoganFrank E. Jakob

Stephen D. KennedyJay A. Kohler

James D. LutzMerle F. McBrideMark P. Modera

Cyrus H. NasseriStephen V. Santoro

Steven V. SkalkoDavid R. Tree

Jerry W. White, Jr.James E. Woods

William E. Murphy, BOD ExORonald E. Jarnagin, CO

Claire B. Ramspeck, Assistant Director of Standards and Special Projects

Addendum g

ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2004-2005

Dean S. Borges, ChairRichard D. Hermans, Vice-ChairDonald B. BivensPaul W. CabotHugh F. CrowtherBrian P. DoughertyHakim ElmahdyMatt R. HarganRoger L. HedrickJohn F. HoganFrank E. JakobStephen D. KennedyDavid E. Knebel

Merle F. McBrideMark P. Modera

Cyrus H. NasseriDavor Novosel

George ReevesJohn Sabelli

Stephen V. SantoroGideon ShavitDavid R. Tree

James E. WoodsMichael F. Beda, BOD ExO

William A. Harrison, CO

Claire B. Ramspeck, Manager of Standards

ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 62.1 Cognizant TC: TC 5.12, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration

SPLS Liaison: Fredrick H. Kohloss

David S. Butler, Sr., Chair*Dennis A. Stanke, Vice Chair*Leon E. Alevantis*Michael ApteMichael BeatonHoy R. Bohanon, Jr.*James L. Coggins*Francis J. Fisher, Jr.*

Scott Douglas Hanson*Roger HedrickEli P. Howard*Carl A. Marbery*John McFarlandChristopher O. Muller*John E. Osborn*R. Dean Rasmussen*

Walter L. Raynaud*

Lisa Rogers

Lawrence Schoen

Jan Sundell

Wayne Thomann

Dilip Vyayaharkar

*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication

SPECIAL NOTE

This American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined by the American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reachedby directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarilyunanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.

ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and publicreview.

ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. TheProject Committee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAEmembers, all must be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interestson all Project Committees.

The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard,d. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.

ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of

testing for rating purposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance to them is completely voluntary.

In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, eitherstated or implied, that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.

DISCLAIMER

ASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of availableinformation and accepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety orperformance of any products, components, or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAE’s Standardsor Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.

CONTENTS

ANSI/ASHRAE Addenda to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality

SECTION PAGE

Addendum a.............................................................................................................................................................. 6

Addendum b.............................................................................................................................................................. 7

Addendum c............................................................................................................................................................ 10

Addendum d............................................................................................................................................................ 24

Addendum g............................................................................................................................................................ 25

Appendix ................................................................................................................................................................. 26

NOTE

When addenda, interpretations, or errata to this standard have been approved, they can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at http://www.ashrae.org.

© Copyright 2006 American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.org

All rights reserved.

6 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum a to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004

(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)

FOREWORD

This addendum cleans up a number of issues, includingthe following:

• Analytical conditions for required dehumidification per-formance. The modified requirement clarifies that eachsystem must be analyzed to check its dehumidificationperformance at a specific challenging condition. Thiscondition includes design dew-point outdoor latent loadwith zero solar load and design indoor latent load.

• Exceptions to 65% relative humidity limit required in62.1-2004. Some occupancy categories and space typesare required to operate with relative humidity in excessof the general 65% relative humidity limit and/or aredesigned to handle high humidity.

• Extending the exception to the exfiltration requirementso that it applies to the entire building when it comprisesindustrial and other space types. Some occupancy cate-gories and space types must operate with mechanicalexhaust airflow in excess of the mechanical intake air-flow.

Section 5.10, included for context only (no revisions pro-posed):

5.10 Dehumidification Systems. Mechanical air-conditioning systems with dehumidification capability shall be designed to comply with the following:

Revise Section 5.10.1 as follows:

5.10.1 Relative Humidity. Occupied space relative humidity shall be designed to be limited to 65% or less at either of the two following design conditions:1) at the peak outdoor dew point design conditions and at the peak indoor design latent load, or

2) at the lowest space sensible heat ratio expected to occur and the concurrent (simultaneous) outdoor condition.when system performance is analyzed with outdoor air at the dehumidification design condition (that is, design dew point and mean coincident dry-bulb temperature) and with the space interior loads (both sensible and latent) at cooling design values and space solar loads at zero.

Note: The outdoor air dry bulb, solar load, and space sensible heat ratio may be significantly different at outdoor dew-point design conditions than when calculated at outdoor dry-bulb design conditions.

Note: System configuration and/or climatic conditions may adequately limit space relative humidity at these conditions without additional humidity-control devices. The specified conditions challenge the system dehumidification performance with high outdoor latent load and low space sensible heat ratio.

Exception: Spaces where process or occupancy requirements dictate higher humidity conditions, such as kitchens, hot tub rooms that contain heated standing water, refrigerated or frozen storage rooms and ice rinks, and/or spaces designed and constructed to manage moisture, such as shower rooms, pools and spas.

Revise Section 5.10.2 as follows:

5.10.2 Exfiltration. For a building, the design minimumoutdoor air intake shall be greater than the designmaximum exhaust airflow when the mechanical air-conditioning systems are dehumidifying. Exception:Where excess exhaust is required by processconsiderations and approved by the authority havingjurisdiction, such as in certain industrial facilities. Note:Although individual zones within the a building may beneutral or negative with respect to outdoors or to otherzones, net positive mechanical intake airflow for thebuilding as a whole reduces infiltration of untreatedoutdoor air., such as some laboratory and industrialspaces, the requirement is for the building as a whole tolimit excessive infiltration of high dew point outdoor air.

Addendum a to 62.1-2004

(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)

FOREWORD

This addendum cleans up a number of issues, includingthe following:

1. This addendum corrects discrepancies and omissionsbetween Tables 5-2, 6-1, and 6-4.

2. The addendum deletes the following space types fromTable 5-2:

• Spaces ancillary to Class 2 spaces.• Employee locker rooms—“Locker/dressing rooms”

is included in Table 6-4.• Equipment rooms.• General chemical/biological laboratories.• Kitchenettes—Table 6-4 includes “Kitchenettes.”• Private toilet/bath—Table 6-4 includes “Toilet—

private.”

3. The addendum modifies Table 6-1 by providing an air clas-sification for science laboratories. The existing Note E isdeleted from applying to “Science laboratories.” The exist-ing Note E is subsequently deleted from Table 6-1.

4. The addendum modifies Table 6-1 by moving the followingspace types from Table 5-2 and by providing ventilationrates for these spaces:

• Daycare sickroom—The ventilation rate is the samefor “Daycare (through age 4).”

• University/college laboratories—The ventilationrate is the same for “Science laboratories.”

• Break rooms—The ventilation rate is the same for“Office space.”

• Coffee stations—The ventilation rate is the same for“Office space.”

• Laundry rooms, central—The ventilation rate is 5cfm/person and 0.12 cfm/ft2.

• Laundry rooms within dwelling units—The ventila-tion rate is 5 cfm/person and 0.12 cfm/ft2.

• Electrical/telephone closets—These spaces are splitinto “Electrical equipment rooms” with a ventila-tion rate of 0.06 cfm/ft2 and “Telephone closets”with no required ventilation rate. Note B applies to“Electrical equipment rooms.”

• Elevator machine rooms—The ventilation rate isthe same for “Storage rooms,” and Note B appliesto this space.

5. The addendum modifies Table 6-1 by creating a new Note Ethat refers to combustion equipment used on playing

surfaces. This note applies to “Sports arena (play area)” tobe consistent with “Arena” in Table 6-4.

6. The addendum modifies Table 6-4 by designating air clas-sifications for the following spaces:

• Auto repair rooms—The air class is designated asClass 2, and the reference to the existing Note F isdeleted.

• Arena—The air class is designated as Class 1 tocoordinate with “Sports arena” in Table 6-1.

• Science lab classrooms—The category is renamed“Educational science laboratories,” the air class isdesignated as Class 2, and the reference to theexisting Note F is deleted.

7. The addendum deletes the existing Note F from Table 6-4.

8. The addendum modifies Table 6-4 by moving the followingspace types from Table 5-2 and by providing exhaust ratesfor these spaces:

• Janitors closet, trash room—Category “Janitor,trash, recycle” is modified to read “Janitor closet,trash rooms, recycle.” The exhaust rate was notmodified.

• Paint spray booths—No exhaust rate is specified. Anew Note F is referenced. The new Note F indicatesother applicable standards for the exhaust rate.

• Soiled laundry storage—The exhaust rate is thesame as for “Janitor, trash, recycle.” The new NoteF is also referenced.

• Storage rooms, chemical—The exhaust rate is thesame as for “Auto repair rooms.” The new Note F isalso referenced.

• Refrigerating machinery rooms—No exhaust rate isspecified. The new Note F is also referenced.

Subsequent to these changes to Table 6-1 and Table 6-4,Table 5-2 was deleted since the included space types have beenincorporated into the other tables as appropriate.

Note: In this addendum, changes to the current standard areindicated in the text by underlining (for additions) andstrikethrough (for deletions) unless the instructions specifi-cally mention some other means of indicating the changes.

Delete Table 5-2, “Other Space Types,” in its entiretyand renumber Table 5-3, “Airstreams,” as Table 5-2,“Airstreams.”

Revise Section 5.17.1 as follows:

5.17.1 Classification. Air (return, transfer, or exhaust air)leaving each space or location shall be designated at anexpected air-quality classification not less than that shown inTable 6-1, Table 5-2, or Table 5-2,3 or as approved by theauthority having jurisdiction. The classification for air fromspaces or locations that are not listed in Table 6-1, Table 5-2,

Addendum b to 62.1-2004

ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum b to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 7

or Table 5-23 shall be the same as the classification for airfrom the listed space type that is most similar in terms ofoccupant activities and building construction.

Exception: Classification of air from smoking spaces isnot addressed. (Spaces that are expected to includesmoking do not have a classification listed in Table 6-1.)

Note: Classifications in Table 6-1, Table 5-2, and Table 5-23are based on relative contaminant concentration using thefollowing subjective criteria:

• Class 1: Air with low contaminant concentration, lowsensory-irritation intensity, and inoffensive odor.

• Class 2: Air with moderate contaminant concentration,mild sensory-irritation intensity, or mildly offensiveodors. Class 2 air also includes air that is not necessarilyharmful or objectionable but that is inappropriate for

transfer or recirculation to spaces used for different pur-poses.

• Class 3: Air with significant contaminant concentration,significant sensory-irritation intensity, or offensive odor.

• Class 4: Air with highly objectionable fumes or gases orwith potentially dangerous particles, bioaerosols, orgases, at concentrations high enough to be consideredharmful.

Revise Section 5.17.4 as follows:

5.17.4 Documentation. Design documentation shall indi-cate the justification for classification of air from any locationnot listed in Table 6-1, Table 5-2, or Table 5-23.

Revise Table 6-1 as indicated only for those existingentries that change or for those new entries added:

TABLE 6-1 MINIMUM VENTILATION RATES IN BREATHING ZONE

Occupancy Category

People Outdoor Air Rate RP

Area Outdoor Air Rate RA

Notes

Default Values

Air Class

Occupant Density

(see Note 4)Combined Outdoor Air

Rate (see Note 5)

cfm/person L/s•person cfm/ft2 L/s•m2#/1000 ft2

(#/100 m2) cfm/person L/s•person

Educational Facilities

Daycare sickroom 10 5 0.18 0.9 25 17 8.6 3

Science laboratories 10 5 0.18 0.9 E 25 17 8.6 2

University/college labo-ratories

10 5 0.18 0.9 25 17 8.6 2

General

Break rooms 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 25 10 5.1 1

Coffee stations 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 20 11 5.5 1

Hotels, Motels, Resorts, Dormitories

Laundry rooms, central 5 2.5 0.12 0.6 10 17 8.5 2

Laundry rooms within dwelling units

5 2.5 0.12 0.6 10 17 8.5 1

Miscellaneous spaces

Electrical equipment rooms

- - 0.06 0.3 B - 1

Telephone closets - - 0.00 0.0 - 1

Elevator machine rooms - - 0.12 0.6 B - 1

Sports and Entertainment

Sports arena (play area) - - 0.30 1.5 E - 1

ITEM-SPECIFIC NOTES FOR TABLE 6-1E No class of air has been established for this occupancy category.E When combustion equipment is intended to be used on the playing surface, additional dilution ventilation and/or source control shall be provided

8 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum b to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004

The rest of Table 6-1 remains unchanged.

Revise Table 6-4 as indicated only for those existing entries that change or for those new entries added:

The rest of Table 6-4 remains unchanged.

TABLE 6-4 Minimum Exhaust Rates

Occupancy CategoryExhaust Rate

cfm/unit

Exhaust Rate cfm/

ft2 Notes

Exhaust Rate L/s-

unit

Exhaust Rate

L/s-m2 Air Class

Auto repair rooms - 1.50 A,F - 7.5 2

Arena - 0.50 B - 2.5 1

Janitor closet, trash room, recycle - 1.00 - 5.0 3

Paint spray booths - - F - - 4

Refrigerating machinery rooms - - F - - 3

Educational science laboratories Science lab class-rooms

- 1.00 F - 5.0 2

Soiled laundry storage - 1.00 F - 5.0 3

Storage rooms, chemical - 1.50 F - 7.5 4

F No class of air has been established for this occupancy category.F See other applicable standards for exhaust rate.

ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum b to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 9

(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)

FOREWORD

This addendum updates material in Appendix B of thecurrent standard, which contains a number of air-qualityguidelines and regulations issued by bodies other thanASHRAE. For many years, this appendix has been the onlycompendium of such information. It has been very helpful tousers of the IAQ Procedure and to those using the standard inIAQ evaluations. To be clear, this ASHRAE standard does notpropose or endorse any specific contaminant concentrationstandards or guideline values but rather lists those valuesestablished by other cognizant authorities.

The updated material in this addendum is limited to: (a)updating those listed concentrations of chemicals alreadylisted in Appendix B that have been republished by the citedcognizant authorities; (b) updating, editing, and expandingthe references; and (c) minor editing of certain portions of thetext to make it more clear to the reader.

Note: In this addendum, changes to the current standard areindicated in the text by underlining (for additions) andstrikethrough (for deletions) unless the instructions specifi-cally mention some other means of indicating the changes.

Revise Appendix B as indicated:(This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)

APPENDIX BSUMMARY OF SELECTEDAIR QUALITY GUIDELINES

If particular contaminants are of concern or if the IndoorAir Quality Procedure is to be used, acceptable indoor concen-trations and exposures are needed for the particular contami-nants. When using this procedure, these concentration andexposure values need to be documented and justified by refer-ence to a cognizant authority as defined in the standard. Suchguidelines or other limiting values can also be useful for diag-nostic purposes. At present, no single organization developsacceptable concentrations or exposures for all indoor aircontaminants, nor are values available for all contaminants ofpotential concern. A number of organizations offer guidelinevalues for selected indoor air contaminants. These values have

been developed primarily for ambient air, occupationalsettings, and, in some cases, for residential settings. Theyshould be applied with an understanding of their basis andapplicability to the indoor environment of concern. If anacceptable concentration or exposure has not been publishedfor a contaminant of concern, a value may be derived throughreview of the toxicological and epidemiological evidenceusing appropriate consultation. However, the evidence withrespect to health effects is likely to be insufficient for manycontaminants. At present, there is no quantitative definition ofacceptable indoor air quality that can necessarily be met bymeasuring one or more contaminants.

Table B-1 presents selected standards and guidelines usedin Canada, Germany, Europe, and the United States for accept-able concentrations of substances in ambient air, indoor air,and industrial workplace environments. These values areissued by cognizant authorities and have not been developedor endorsed by ASHRAE. The table is presented only as back-ground information when using the Indoor Air Quality Proce-dure. Specialized expertise should be sought before selectinga value for use in estimating outdoor airflow rates using theIndoor Air Quality Procedure or for building design or diag-nostics purposes. Meeting one, some, or all of the listed valuesdoes not ensure that acceptable indoor air quality (as definedin this standard) will be achieved.

Table B-2 lists concentration values of interest forselected contaminants as general guidance for buildingdesign, diagnostics, and ventilation system design using theIndoor Air Quality Procedure. The values in the table arebased on cognizant authorities and studies reported in peer-reviewed scientific publications; ASHRAE does not recom-mend their adoption as regulatory values, standards, or guide-lines. The table is presented as further background when usingthe Indoor Air Quality Procedure. Consultation should besought before selecting a particular value for use in calculatingventilation using the Indoor Air Quality Procedure. Meetingone, some, or all of the listed values does not ensure thatacceptable indoor air quality will be achieved.

Selection of a specific target concentration and exposureis best made by a team with wide experience in toxicology,industrial hygiene, and exposure assessment. As they reviewthe specific concentrations listed in Tables B-1 and B-2, orothers taken from other sources, designers should be mindfulof the following:

• Standards and guidelines are developed for differentpurposes and should be interpreted with reference to thesetting and purpose for which they were developed com-pared to that to which they are being applied.

• Not all standards and guideline values recognize thepresence of susceptible groups or address typical popu-lations found in occupancies listed in this standard.

• Most standards and guidelines do not consider interac-tions between and among various contaminants of con-cern.

• The assumptions and conditions set forth by the stan-dard or guideline may not be met in the space or for theoccupants being considered (such as 8-hour day, 40-hour work week).

Addendum c to 62.1-2004

10 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004

When many chemicals are present in the air, as theyalmost always are in indoor air, then some way of addressingpotential interaction of these chemicals is warranted. For addi-tive effects and exceptions, the reader is referred to ACGIH forguidance on the subject.B-1

Guideline Values for Industrial Environments

ACGIH threshold limit values, or TLVs®, have beenapplied to industrial workplace air contaminants.B-1 (Refer-ence B-2 is the German counterpart.) The ACGIH TLVs®

represent maximum acceptable 8-hour, time-weighted aver-age (TWA), 15-minute short-term exposure limit (STEL) andinstantaneous (ceiling) case limits. It is a source of concentra-tion limits for many chemical substances and physical agentsfor industrial use. In light of the constantly changing state ofknowledge, the document is updated annually. It cautions theuser, “The values listed in this book are intended for use in thepractice of industrial hygiene as guidelines or recommenda-tions to assist in the control of potential health hazards and forno other use.”

Caution must be used in directly extending the ACGIHTLVs® or other workplace guidelines to spaces covered by thisstandard and to population groups other than workers. Indus-trial health practice attempts to limit worker exposure to inju-rious substances at levels that do not interfere with theindustrial work process and do not risk the workers' health andsafety. There is not an intention to eliminate all effects, suchas unpleasant smells or mild irritation. Further, the healthcriteria are not uniformly derived for all contaminants. Irrita-tion, narcosis, and nuisance or other forms of stress are notuniformly considered as the basis for the concentration limits.This is because different organizations use different end pointsand different contaminants have more or less informationavailable on diverse end points of interest. The target popula-tion is also different from the occupants found in the spacescovered by this standard. Healthy industrial workers tend tochange jobs or occupations if an exposure is becomes intoler-able. In contrast, workers in commercial environments such asoffices often do not expect to have elevated concentrations ofpotentially harmful substances in their work environments.,nor are Also, monitoring programs are unlikely to be in place,as may be the case with industrial workplaces contaminants.In addition, the general population may have less choice aboutwhere they spend most of their time and includes those whomay be more sensitive, such as children, asthmatics, allergicindividuals, the sick, and the elderly.

Guidelines for Substances in Outdoor Air

Guidelines have been developed for outdoor air for anumber of chemicals and metals, as shown in many of thereferences. These values, including some for metals, may beappropriate for some indoor environments, but they should beapplied only after appropriate consultation. These guidelinesalso supply provide guidance concerning the quality of outsideair if there is suspicion that outdoor air may be contaminatedwith specific substances or if there is a known source ofcontamination nearby.B-3

Regulation of Occupational Exposureto Airborne Contaminants

Regulations of occupational exposure to workplacehazards are based on the results of accumulated experiencewith worker health and toxicological research and carefullyevaluated by groups of experts. Effects are examined in rela-tion to exposure to the injurious substance. Exposure isdefined as the mathematical product of the concentration ofthe contaminant and the time during which a person is subjectexposed to this concentration. Since concentration may varywith time, exposure is typically calculated across the appro-priate averaging time, expressed as a TWA concentration,STEL, or ceiling limit. Regulations of the U.S. OccupationalSafety and Health Administration (OSHA) are TWAs in mostcases.

Industrial exposures are regulated on the basis of a 40-hour workweek with 8- to 10-hour days. During the remainderof the time, exposure is anticipated to be substantially lowerfor the contaminant(s) of concern. Application of industrialexposure limits would not necessarily be appropriate for otherindoor settings, occupancies, and exposure scenarios.However, for certain contaminants that lacking exposurelimits for a specific nonindustrial target population, substan-tial downward adjustments to occupational limits have some-times been used.

Substances Lacking Guidelines and Standards

For indoor contaminants for which an acceptable concen-tration and exposure value has not been established by a cogni-zant authority, one approach has been to assume that somefraction of TLV® is applicable and would not lead to adversehealth effects or complaints in nonindustrial general popula-tions. This approach should not be followed used without firstassessing its suitability for the contaminant of concern. In anyevent, if appropriate standards or guidelines do not exist,expertise must be sought or research needs to be conducted todetermine contaminant concentrations and exposures that areacceptable.

Subjective Evaluation

Indoor air often contains complex mixtures of contami-nants of concern such as environmental tobacco smoke,B-30,B-31 infectious and allergenic biological aerosols,B-32 andemissions of chemicals from commercial and consumer prod-ucts. Precise quantitative treatment of these contaminants canbe difficult or impossible in most cases. Chemical composi-tion alone may not always be adequate to reliably predict thereaction of building occupants exposed to most commonmixtures of substances found in indoor air. There are manytoxicological endpoints used in assessing the effects fromexposure to air contaminants.

Scientists have discovered a number of ways that airbornechemicals can cause iIrritation of mucosal tissue such as thatfound in the human nose, eyes, and the upper airways is oneof the endpoints often used in assessing short-term exposure toair contaminants. These irritation responses can occur after the“irritant receptor” is exposed to nonreactive compounds, toreactive compounds with a different pattern of dose-response

ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 11

relationships, and through allergic and other immunologiceffects for which dose response relationships have not beenwell defined. The theoretical models of these irritation mech-anisms have not yet found their way into standard settingprocesses. One reason for this may be the recognition of sSus-ceptible populations, i.e., individuals with atopy (“allergies”)may report irritation at lower levels of exposures than individ-uals without allergies. A complicating factor is that moreOther susceptible populations, such as the elderly and theyoung, may differ from healthy adults in their response to irri-tating and odorous substances.

Indoor air often contains complex mixtures of contami-nants of concern such as environmental tobacco smoke,B-30,B-31 infectious and allergenic biological aerosols,B-32 andhuman bioeffluent emissions from food preparation. Precisequantitative treatment of these contaminants can be difficult orimpossible in most cases. Chemical composition alone maynot always be adequate to reliably predict the reaction of build-ing occupants to most common mixtures of substances foundin indoor air. To some degree, adequacy of control may restupon subjective evaluation. Panels of observers have beenused to perform subjective evaluation of indoor air quality inbuildings.

To some degree, adequacy of control may rest uponsubjective evaluation. Panels of observers have been used to

perform subjective evaluation of indoor air quality in build-ings. Many contaminants have odors or are irritants that maybe detected by human occupants or visitors to a space. Gener-ally the air can be considered acceptably free of annoyingcontaminants if 80% of a panel consisting of a group ofuntrained subjects exposed to known concentrations ofcontaminants under representative controlled conditions ofuse and occupancy deems the air not to be objectionable. underrepresentative conditions of use and occupancy when a groupof untrained panelists is exposed to known concentrations ofcontaminants under controlled conditions.

When performing a subjective evaluation, an observershould enter the space in the manner of a normal visitor andshould render a judgment of acceptability within 15 seconds.Each observer should make the evaluation independently ofother observers and without influence from a panel leader.Users of subjective evaluation methods are cautioned that theyonly test odor and sensory responses. Some harmful contam-inants will not be detected by such tests. Carbon monoxide andradon are two examples of odorless contaminants that posesignificant health risks. To evaluate the acceptability ofadapted persons (occupants), an observer should spend at leastsix minutes in the space before rendering a judgment ofacceptability.B-29

12 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004

TABLE B-1 Comparison of Regulations and Guidelines Pertinent to Indoor Environments

The substances listed in this table are common air contaminants in industrial and non-industrial environments. The values summa-rized in this table are from various sources with diverse procedures and criteria for establishing the values. Some are for industrial envi-ronments (OSHA, MAK, NIOSH, ACGIH), some are for outdoor environments (NAAQS), and others are general (WHO) or indoorresidential environment-related (Canadian) values. The following explanations are intended to assist the reader by providing a briefdescription of the criteria each agency used in adopting its guideline values.

• NAAQS: Outdoor air standards developed by the U.S. EPA under the Clean Air Act. By law, the values listed in these regulationsmust be reviewed every five years. These concentrations are selected to protect not only the general population but also the most sen-sitive individuals.

• OSHA: Enforceable maximum exposures for industrial environments developed by OSHA (U.S. Department of Labor) through aformal rule-making process. Once an exposure limit has been set, levels can be changed only through reopening the rule-making pro-cess. These permissible exposure limits (PELs) are not selected to protect the most sensitive individuals.

• MAK: Recommended maximum exposures for industrial environments developed by the Deutsche Forschungs Gemeinschaft, a Ger-man institution similar to the U.S. National Institutes of Health and NIOSH. Levels are set on a regular basis, with annual reviewsand periodic republication of criteria levels. These levels are enforceable in Germany and are not selected to protect the most sensi-tive individuals.

• Canadian: Recommended maximum exposures for residences developed in 1987 and reaffirmed in 1995 by a committee of provin-cial members convened by the federal government to establish consensus guideline-type levels. A revised version is being consid-ered. These are not intended to be enforced.

• WHO/Europe: Environmental (nonindustrial) guidelines developed in 1987 and updated in 1999 by the WHO Office for Europe(Denmark). Intended for application both to indoor and outdoor exposure.

• NIOSH: Recommended maximum exposure guidelines for industrial environments are developed by NIOSH (Centers for DiseaseControl) and published in a series of criteria documents. NIOSH criteria documents contain both a review of the literature and a rec-ommended exposure limit (REL) guideline. These are not enforceable, are not reviewed regularly, and are not selected to protect themost sensitive individuals. In some cases, they are set at levels above those deemed protective of health because commonly availableindustrial hygiene practice does not reliably detect the substances at lower levels. (Note that methods used in nonindustrial settingsare often more sensitive than NIOSH methods for industrial hygiene measurements.)

• ACGIH: Recommended maximum exposures for industrial environments developed by ACGIH’s Threshold Limit Values (TLVs®)Committee. The committee reviews the scientific literature and recommends exposure guidelines. The assumptions are for usualindustrial working conditions, 40-hour weeks, and single exposures. Surveillance practices for both exposures and biologicalresponses are often in place in the work environments where these levels are used. These levels are not selected to protect the mostsensitive individuals. About half of the TLVs® are intended to protect against irritation. Published studies have shown that many ofthe TLVs® intended to protect against irritation actually represent levels where some or all of the study subjects did report irrita-tion.B-33, B-34

The table is not inclusive of all contaminants in indoor air, and achieving the listed indoor concentrations for all of the listed substancesdoes not ensure odor acceptability, avoidance of sensory irritation, or all adverse health effects for all occupants. In addition to indoor contam-inant levels, the acceptability of indoor air also involves thermal conditions, indoor moisture levels as they impact microbial growth, andother indoor environmental factors. ASHRAE is not selecting or recommending default concentrations.

Users of this table should recognize that unlisted noxious contaminants can also cause unacceptable indoor air quality with regard tocomfort (sensory irritation), odors, and health. When such contaminants are known or might reasonably be expected to be present, selectionof an acceptable concentration and exposure may require reference to other guidelines or a review and evaluation of relevant toxicologicaland epidemiological literature.

ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 13

No

tes

for

Tab

le B

-1

aN

umbe

rs in

bra

cket

s [ ]

refe

r to

eith

er a

cei

ling

or to

ave

ragi

ng ti

mes

of l

ess

than

or g

reat

er th

an e

ight

hou

rs (m

in =

min

utes

; h =

hou

rs; y

= y

ear;

C =

cei

ling,

L =

long

-ter

m).

Whe

re n

o tim

e is

spe

cifi

ed,

the

aver

agin

g tim

e is

eig

ht h

ours

.b

Targ

et le

vel i

s 0.

05 p

pm b

ecau

se o

f its

pot

entia

l car

cino

geni

c ef

fect

s. T

otal

ald

ehy d

es li

mite

d to

1 p

pm. A

lthou

gh th

e ep

idem

iolo

gica

l stu

dies

con

duct

ed to

dat

e pr

ovid

e lit

tle c

onvi

ncin

g ev

iden

ceth

at f

orm

alde

hyde

is c

arci

noge

nic

in h

uman

pop

ulat

ions

, bec

ause

of

this

pot

entia

l, in

door

leve

ls s

h oul

d be

red

uced

as

muc

h as

pos

sibl

e.c

As

one

exam

ple

rega

rdin

g th

e us

e of

val

ues

in th

is ta

ble,

rea

ders

sho

uld

cons

ider

the

appl

icab

ility

of

carb

on m

onox

ide

conc

entr

atio

ns. T

he c

once

ntra

tions

con

sid e

red

acce

ptab

le f

or n

onin

dust

rial

,as

opp

osed

to in

dust

rial

, exp

osur

e ar

e su

bsta

ntia

lly lo

wer

. The

se lo

wer

con

cent

rati o

ns (

in o

ther

wor

ds, t

he a

mbi

ent a

ir q

ualit

y st

anda

rds,

whi

ch a

re r

equi

red

to c

onsi

der

popu

latio

ns a

t hig

hest

ris

k)

TA

BL

E B

-1 C

ompa

riso

n of

Reg

ulat

ions

and

Gui

delin

es P

ertin

ent t

o In

door

Env

iron

men

tsa

(The

use

r of

any

val

ue in

this

tabl

e sh

ould

take

into

acc

ount

the

purp

ose

for

whi

ch it

was

ado

pted

and

the

mea

ns b

y w

hich

it w

as d

evel

oped

.)

En

forc

ea

ble

an

d/o

r R

eg

ula

tory

Le

ve

lsN

on

-E

nf

or

ce

d G

uid

eli

ne

s a

nd

Re

fe

re

nc

e L

ev

els

NA

AQ

S/E

PA(R

ef. B

-4)

OSH

A(R

ef. B

-5)

MA

K(R

ef. B

-2)

Can

adia

n(R

ef. B

-8)

WH

O/E

urop

e(R

ef. B

-11)

NIO

SH(R

ef. B

-13)

AC

GIH

(Ref

. B-1

)

Car

bon

diox

ide

5,00

0 pp

m5,

000

ppm

10,0

00 p

pm [

1 h]

3,50

0 pp

m [

L]

5,00

0 pp

m30

,000

ppm

[15

min

]5,

000

ppm

30,0

00 p

pm [

15 m

in]

Car

bon

mon

oxid

e c

9 pp

m g

35 p

pm [

1 h]

g50

ppm

30 p

pm60

ppm

[30

min

]11

ppm

[8

h]25

ppm

[1

h]90

ppm

[15

min

]50

ppm

[30

min

]25

ppm

[1

h]10

ppm

[8

h]

35 p

pm20

0 pp

m [

C]

25 p

pm

Form

alde

hyde

h0.

75 p

pm2

ppm

[15

min

]0.

3 pp

m1

ppm

i0.

1 pp

m [

L]

0.05

ppm

[L

] b

0.1

mg/

m3 (0

.081

ppm

) [3

0 m

in]p

0.01

6 pp

m0.

1 pp

m [

15 m

in]

0.3

ppm

[C

]

Lea

d1.

5 µg

/m3 [

3 m

onth

s]0.

05 m

g/m

3 0.

1 m

g/m

3 1

mg/

m3 [

30 m

in]

Min

imiz

e ex

posu

re0.

5 µg

/m3 [

1 yr

]0.

1050

mg/

m3 [

10 h

]0.

05 m

g/m

3

Nitr

ogen

dio

xide

0.05

ppm

[1

yr]

5 pp

m [

C]

5 pp

m10

ppm

[5

min

]0.

05 p

pm0.

25 p

pm [

1 h]

0.1

ppm

[1 h

]0.

0204

ppm

[1

yr]

1 pp

m [

15 m

in]

3 pp

m5

ppm

[15

min

]

Ozo

ne0.

12 p

pm [

1 h]

g

0.08

ppm

0.1

ppm

j0.

12 p

pm [

1 h]

0.06

4 pp

m(1

20 µ

g/m

3 ) [8

h]

0.1

ppm

[C

]0.

05 p

pmk

0.08

ppm

l

0.1

ppm

m

0.2

ppm

n

Part

icle

se <

2.5

µm

MM

AD

d15

µg/

m3 [1

yr]

o

65 µ

g/m

3 [24

h]o

5 m

g/m

31.

5 m

g/m

3 for

<4

µm0.

1 m

g/m

3 [1

h]0.

040

mg/

m3 [

L]

3 m

g/m

3 [C

]

Part

icle

se <10

µm

M

MA

Dd

50 µ

g/m

3 [1 y

r]o

150

µg/m

3 [24

h]o

4 m

g/m

310

mg/

m3 [

C]

Rad

onSe

e Ta

ble

B-2

f80

0 B

q/m

3 [1

yr]

2.7

pCi/L

[1y

r]

Sulf

ur d

ioxi

de0.

03 p

pm [

1 yr

]

0.14

ppm

[24

h] g

5 pp

m

0.5

ppm

1 pp

m i

0.38

ppm

[5

min

]0.

019

ppm

0.04

8 pp

m [

24 h

]0.

019 2

ppm

[1

yr]

2 pp

m5

ppm

[15

min

]2

ppm

5 pp

m [

15 m

in]

Tota

l Par

ticle

se15

mg/

m3

14 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004

are set to protect the most sensitive subpopulation, individuals with pre-existing heart conditions.d MMAD = mass median aerodynamic diameter in microns (micrometers). Less than 3.0 µm is considered respirable; less than 10 µm is

considered inhalable.e Nuisance particles not otherwise classified (PNOC), not known to contain significant amounts of asbestos, lead, crystalline silica, known

carcinogens, or other particles known to cause significant adverse health effects.f See Table B-2 for the U.S. EPA guideline.g Not to be exceeded more than once per year.h The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development adopted regulations concerning formaldehyde emissions from plywood and parti-

cleboard intended to limit the airborne concentration of formaldehyde in manufactured homes to 0.4 ppm. (24 CFR Part 3280, HUD Manu-factured Home Construction and Safety Standards)

i Never to be exceeded.j Carcinogen, no maximum values established.k TLV® for heavy work.l TLV® for moderate work.m TLV® for light work.n TLV® for any work = less than or equal to two hours.o 62FR38652 - 38760, July 16, 1997.p Epidemiological studies suggest a causal relationship between exposure to formaldehyde and nasopharyngeal cancer, although the conclu-

sion is tempered by the small numbers of observed and expected cases. There are also epidemiological observations of an associationbetween relatively high occupational exposures to formaldehyde and sinonasal cancer.

ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 15

TABLE B-2

Concentrations of Interest for Selected Contaminants

The substances listed in this table are common air contaminants of concern in nonindustrial environments. The target concentrationsthat have been set or proposed by various national or international organizations concerned with health and comfort effects of outdoor andindoor air are listed for reference only. The table is not inclusive of all contaminants in indoor air, and achieving the target indoor concen-trations for all of the listed substances does not ensure freedom from sensory irritation or from all adverse health effects for all occupants.In addition to indoor contaminant levels, the acceptability of indoor air also involves thermal conditions, indoor moisture levels as theyimpact microbial growth, and other indoor environmental factors. ASHRAE is not selecting or recommending default concentrations.

Health or comfort effects and exposure periods that are the basis for the guideline levels are listed in the “comments” column. For design, the goal should be to meet the guideline levels continuously during occupancy because people spend the great majority of their time indoors.

Users of this table should recognize that unlisted noxious contaminants can also cause unacceptable indoor air quality with regard tocomfort (sensory irritation), odors, and health. When such contaminants are known or might reasonably be expected to be present, selec-tion of an acceptable concentration and exposure may require reference to other guidelines or a review and evaluation of relevant toxico-logical and epidemiological literature. (Table B-2 summarizes some of this literature.)

16 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004

TA

BL

E B

-2 C

once

ntra

tion

of In

tere

st fo

r S

elec

ted

Con

tam

inan

ts

(Not

e: R

efer

ence

s nu

mbe

rs th

at a

re f

ollo

wed

by

[c]

and

[m]

list t

he c

once

ntra

tions

of

inte

rest

[c]

and

mea

sure

men

t met

hods

[m

].)

(Not

e: T

he u

ser

of a

ny v

alue

in th

is ta

ble

shou

ld ta

ke in

to a

ccou

nt th

e pu

rpos

e fo

r w

hich

it w

as a

dopt

ed a

nd th

e m

eans

by

whi

ch it

was

dev

elop

ed.)

Con

tam

inan

tSo

urce

sC

once

ntra

tion

sof

Int

eres

tC

omm

ents

Ref

eren

ces

CA

RB

ON

MO

NO

XID

E

(CO

)L

eaki

ng v

ente

d co

mbu

stio

n ap

plia

nces

Unv

ente

d co

mbu

stio

n ap

pli-

ance

sPa

rkin

g ga

rage

sO

utdo

or a

ir

9 pp

m (

8-h)

Bas

ed o

n ef

fect

s on

per

sons

with

cor

onar

y ar

tery

dis

ease

, ave

rage

exp

osur

e fo

r 8

hour

s.Su

stai

ned

indo

or c

once

ntra

tions

exc

eedi

ng o

utdo

or c

once

ntra

tions

may

mer

it fu

rthe

r in

vest

igat

ion.

Man

y ca

rbon

mon

oxid

e m

easu

ring

inst

rum

ents

hav

e lim

-ite

d ac

cura

cy a

t low

leve

ls.

Sour

ces—

burn

ing

of g

asol

ine,

nat

ural

gas

, coa

l, oi

l, et

c.

Hea

lth E

ffec

ts—

redu

ces

abili

ty o

f bl

ood

to b

ring

oxy

gen

to b

ody

cells

and

tis-

sues

; cel

ls a

nd ti

ssue

s ne

ed o

xyge

n to

wor

k. C

arbo

n m

onox

ide

may

be

part

icu-

larl

y ha

zard

ous

to p

eopl

e w

ho h

ave

hear

t or

circ

ulat

ory

prob

lem

s an

d pe

ople

w

ho h

ave

dam

aged

lung

s or

bre

athi

ng p

assa

ges.

B-4

[c]

B-9

[m

]

FOR

MA

LD

EH

YD

E

(HC

HO

)Pr

esse

d-w

ood

prod

ucts

Furn

iture

and

fu

rnis

hing

s

0.1

mg/

m3 (

0.08

1 pp

m)

(30

min

)

0.05

ppm

27

ppb

(8 h

)

76 p

pb (

1-h)

27 p

pb (

8-h)

Bas

ed o

n ir

rita

tion

of s

ensi

tive

peop

le, 3

0-m

inut

e ex

posu

re (

WH

O).

Est

ablis

hed

as a

nev

er-t

o-ex

ceed

gui

delin

e to

avo

id ir

rita

nt ir

rita

tion

in a

llerg

ic

and

asth

mat

ic s

ensi

tive

indi

vidu

als

(res

iden

tial)

and

as

a va

lue

that

is r

easo

nabl

e to

ach

ieve

in li

ght o

f. D

oes

not p

rote

ct a

gain

st f

orm

alde

hyde

’s p

oten

tial c

arci

no-

geni

city

(C

alif

orni

a A

ir R

esou

rces

Boa

rd).

Bas

ed o

n th

e cu

rren

t acu

te 1

-hou

r R

efer

e nce

Exp

osur

e L

evel

(R

EL

) of

76

ppb

(94

µg/m

3 ), a

n ex

posu

re le

vel o

f 27

ppb

(33

µg/

m3 )

is d

eriv

ed f

or a

n 8-

hour

ex

posu

re p

erio

d (C

al-E

PA, O

EH

HA

).

Hea

lth E

ffec

ts—

Acu

te a

nd c

hron

ic in

hala

tion

expo

sure

to f

orm

alde

hyde

in

hum

ans

can

resu

lt in

eye

, nos

e, a

nd th

roat

irri

tatio

n, r

espi

rato

ry s

ympt

oms,

exa

c-er

batio

n of

ast

hma,

and

sen

sitiz

atio

n. L

imite

d hH

uman

stu

dies

hav

e re

port

ed a

n as

soci

atio

n be

twee

n fo

rmal

dehy

de e

xpos

u re

and

lung

and

nas

opha

ryng

eal c

an-

cer.

In 2

004,

the

Inte

rnat

iona

l Age

ncy

for

Res

earc

h on

Can

cer

(IA

RC

) co

n-cl

uded

that

“fo

rmal

dehy

de is

car

cino

geni

c to

hum

ans

(Gro

up 1

), o

n th

e ba

sis

of

suffi

cien

t evi

denc

e in

hum

ans

and

suffi

cien

t evi

denc

e in

exp

erim

enta

l ani

mal

s.”

Ani

mal

inha

latio

n st

udie

s ha

ve r

epor

ted

an in

crea

sed

inci

denc

e of

nas

al s

qua-

mou

s ce

ll ca

ncer

. EPA

has

cla

ssif

ied

form

alde

hyde

as

a G

roup

B1,

pro

babl

e hu

man

car

cino

gen

of m

ediu

m c

arci

noge

nic

haza

rd. T

he v

alue

rep

orte

d he

re h

as

been

pro

pose

d in

the

haza

rd r

anki

ng o

f ha

zard

ous

air

pollu

tant

s in

EPA

's p

ro-

pose

d ru

lem

akin

g (S

ectio

n 11

2(g)

of

the

Cle

an A

ir A

ct, A

pril

1994

).

B-1

1 [c

]B

-9, 2

6 [m

]

B-1

6

B-3

6, 4

1

B-1

9, 2

0, 3

6, 4

2

ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 17

LE

AD

(Pb

)Pa

int d

ust

Out

door

air

1.

5 µ

g/m

3B

ased

on

adve

rse

effe

cts

on n

euro

psyc

holo

gica

l fun

ctio

ning

of c

hild

ren,

ave

rage

ex

posu

re f

or 3

mon

ths

(WH

O: 0

.5-1

µg/

m3 f

or 1

yea

r).

Sour

ces—

lead

ed g

asol

ine

(bei

ng p

hase

d ou

t), p

aint

(ho

uses

, car

s), s

mel

ters

(m

etal

ref

iner

ies)

, man

ufac

ture

of

lead

sto

rage

bat

teri

es.

Hea

lth E

ffec

ts—

brai

n an

d ot

her

nerv

ous

syst

em d

amag

e; c

hild

ren

are

at s

peci

al

risk

. Som

e le

ad-c

onta

inin

g ch

emic

als

caus

e ca

ncer

in a

nim

als.

Lea

d ca

uses

di

gest

ive

and

othe

r he

alth

pro

blem

s.

Env

iron

men

tal E

ffec

ts—

Lea

d ca

n ha

rm w

ildlif

e.

B-4

[c]

B-4

[m

] B

-18

NIT

RO

GE

N D

IOX

IDE

(N

O2)

Lea

king

ven

ted

com

bust

ion

appl

ianc

esU

nven

ted

com

bust

ion

appl

i-an

ces

Out

door

air

100 µ

g/m

3

470 µ

g/m

3

Bas

ed o

n pr

ovid

ing

prot

ectio

n ag

ains

t adv

erse

res

pira

tory

eff

ects

, ave

rage

exp

o-su

re f

or 1

yea

r.So

urce

s—bu

rnin

g of

gas

olin

e, n

atur

al g

as, c

oal,

oil,

etc.

Car

s ar

e an

impo

rtan

t so

urce

of

NO

2 ou

tdoo

rs a

nd c

ooki

ng a

nd w

ater

- an

d sp

ace-

heat

ing

devi

ces

are

impo

rtan

t sou

rces

indo

ors.

H

ealth

Eff

ects

—lu

ng d

amag

e, il

lnes

ses

of b

reat

hing

pas

sage

s an

d lu

ngs

(res

pira

-to

ry s

yste

m).

E

nvir

onm

enta

l Eff

ects

—N

itrog

en d

ioxi

d e is

a c

ompo

nent

of

acid

rai

n (a

cid

aero

sols

), w

hich

can

dam

age

tree

s an

d la

kes.

Aci

d ae

roso

ls c

an re

duce

vis

ibili

ty.

Prop

erty

Dam

age—

Aci

d ae

roso

ls c

an e

at a

way

sto

ne u

sed

on b

uild

ings

, sta

tues

, m

onum

ents

, etc

.

24-h

our

aver

age

to p

reve

nt h

igh

expo

sure

s du

ring

use

of

com

bust

ion

appl

ianc

es

such

as

spac

e-he

atin

g de

vice

s an

d ga

s st

oves

.

B-4

[c]

B-9

[m

]

B-1

8

B-4

3

OD

OR

SO

ccup

ants

VO

C s

ourc

es (i

nclu

ding

fung

al

sour

ces

such

as

mol

d)O

utdo

or a

ir C

ooki

ng, f

ood

pro-

cess

ing,

sew

age,

bio

was

te

faci

litie

s, e

tc.

Pred

icte

d (o

r m

easu

red)

ac

cept

abili

ty to

80%

or m

ore

of o

ccup

ants

or

visi

tors

CO

2 co

ncen

trat

ion

can

be u

sed

as a

sur

roga

te f

or o

ccup

ant o

dors

(od

orou

s bi

oef-

flue

nts)

. See

App

endi

x C

for

a d

iscu

ssio

n of

indo

or C

O2

leve

ls a

nd v

entil

atio

n ra

tes.

For

sou

rces

oth

er th

an p

eopl

e, s

ourc

e co

ntro

l is

reco

mm

ende

d.

B-1

2, 2

4, 2

9, 3

0 [c

] B

-9 (

CO

2), B

-15

(odo

r)

[m]

TA

BL

E B

-2 C

once

ntra

tion

of In

tere

st fo

r S

elec

ted

Con

tam

inan

ts (

Con

tinue

d)(N

ote:

Ref

eren

ces

num

bers

that

are

fol

low

ed b

y [c

] an

d [m

] lis

t the

con

cent

ratio

ns o

f in

tere

st [

c] a

nd m

easu

rem

ent m

etho

ds [

m].

)(N

ote:

The

use

r of

any

val

ue in

this

tabl

e sh

ould

take

into

acc

ount

the

purp

ose

for

whi

ch it

was

ado

pted

and

the

mea

ns b

y w

hich

it w

as d

evel

oped

.)

18 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004

OZ

ON

E (

O3)

Ele

ctro

stat

ic a

pplia

nces

Off

ice

mac

hine

sO

zone

g

ener

ator

sO

utdo

or a

ir

100 µ

g/m

3

(50

ppb)

Bas

ed o

n 25

% in

crea

se in

sym

ptom

exa

cerb

atio

ns a

mon

g ad

ults

or

asth

mat

ics

(nor

mal

act

ivity

), 8

-h e

xpos

ure

(WH

O);

con

tinuo

us e

xpos

ure

(FD

A).

Ozo

ne p

rese

nt a

t lev

els

belo

w th

e co

ncen

trat

ion

of in

tere

st m

ay c

ontr

ibut

e to

the

degr

adat

ion

of in

door

air

qua

lity

dire

ctly

and

by

reac

ting

with

oth

er c

onta

mi-

nant

s in

the

indo

or s

pace

.G

roun

d-le

vel o

zone

is th

e pr

inci

pal c

ompo

nent

of

smog

.So

urce

s—ou

tdoo

rs, f

rom

che

mic

al r

eact

ion

of p

ollu

tant

s, V

OC

s, a

nd N

Ox;

in

door

s, f

rom

pho

toco

pier

s, la

ser

prin

ters

, ozo

ne g

ener

ator

s, e

lect

rost

atic

pre

cip-

itato

rs, a

nd s

ome

othe

r ai

r cl

eane

rs.

Hea

lth E

ffec

ts—

brea

thin

g pr

oble

ms,

red

uced

lung

fun

ctio

n, a

sthm

a, ir

rita

ted

eyes

, stu

ffy

nose

, red

uced

resi

stan

ce to

col

ds a

nd o

ther

infe

ctio

ns. M

ay s

peed

up

agin

g of

lung

tiss

ue.

Env

iron

men

tal E

ffec

ts—

Out

door

s, o

zone

can

dam

age

plan

ts a

nd tr

ees;

sm

og c

an

caus

e re

duce

d vi

sibi

lity.

Pr

oper

ty D

amag

e—In

door

s an

d ou

tdoo

rs, o

zone

dam

ages

nat

ural

and

syn

thet

ic

rubb

ers,

pla

stic

s, f

abri

cs, e

tc.

B-6

, 11

[c]

B-6

[m

]

B-1

8

PAR

TIC

LE

S (P

M2.

5)C

ombu

stio

n pr

oduc

ts, c

ooki

ng,

cand

les,

ince

nse,

res

uspe

n-si

on, a

nd o

utdo

or a

ir

15 µ

g/m

3B

-4

PAR

TIC

LE

S (P

M10

)D

ust

Smok

eD

eter

iora

ting

mat

eria

lsO

utdo

or a

ir

50 µ

g/m

3B

ased

on

prot

ectin

g ag

ains

t res

pira

tory

mor

bidi

ty in

the

gene

ral p

opul

atio

n an

d av

oidi

ng e

xace

rbat

ion

of a

sthm

a, a

vera

ge e

xpos

ure

for

1 ye

ar, n

o ca

rcin

ogen

s.

Indo

or c

once

ntra

tions

are

nor

mal

ly lo

we r

; gui

delin

e le

vel m

ay le

ad to

una

ccep

t-ab

le d

epos

ition

of

“dus

t.”So

urce

s—bu

rnin

g of

woo

d, d

iese

l, an

d ot

her

fuel

s; in

dust

rial

pla

nts;

agr

icul

ture

(p

low

ing,

bur

ning

off

fiel

ds);

unp

aved

roa

ds.

Hea

lth E

ffec

ts—

nose

and

thro

at ir

rita

tion,

lung

dam

age,

bro

nchi

tis, e

arly

dea

th.

Env

iron

men

tal E

ffec

ts—

Part

icul

ates

are

the

mai

n so

urce

of

haze

that

red

uces

vi

sibi

lity.

Pr

oper

ty D

amag

e—A

shes

, soo

t, sm

oke,

and

dus

t can

dir

ty a

nd d

isco

lor

stru

c-tu

res

and

othe

r pr

oper

ty, i

nclu

ding

clo

thes

and

fur

nitu

re.

B-4

[c]

B-4

[m

]

B-1

8

RA

DO

N (

Rn)

Soil

gas

4 pC

i/lite

raB

ased

on

lung

can

cer,

aver

age

expo

sure

for

1 y

ear.

B-7

[c,

m]

B-1

0 [m

]

TA

BL

E B

-2 C

once

ntra

tion

of In

tere

st fo

r S

elec

ted

Con

tam

inan

ts (

Con

tinue

d)(N

ote:

Ref

eren

ces

num

bers

that

are

fol

low

ed b

y [c

] an

d [m

] lis

t the

con

cent

ratio

ns o

f in

tere

st [

c] a

nd m

easu

rem

ent m

etho

ds [

m].

)(N

ote:

The

use

r of

any

val

ue in

this

tabl

e sh

ould

take

into

acc

ount

the

purp

ose

for

whi

ch it

was

ado

pted

and

the

mea

ns b

y w

hich

it w

as d

evel

oped

.)

ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 19

SUL

FUR

DIO

XID

E

(SO

2)U

nven

ted

spac

e he

ater

s (k

ero-

sene

)O

utdo

or a

ir

80 µ

g/m

3B

ased

on

prot

ectin

g ag

ains

t res

pira

tory

mor

bidi

ty in

the

gene

ral p

opul

atio

n an

d av

oidi

ng e

xace

rbat

ion

of a

sthm

a, a

vera

ge e

xpos

ure

for

1 ye

ar

(WH

O: 5

0 µ

g/m

3 if

with

PM

).So

urce

—bu

rnin

g of

coa

l and

oil,

esp

ecia

lly h

igh-

sulf

ur c

oal f

rom

the

east

ern

Uni

ted

Stat

es; i

ndus

tria

l pro

cess

es (

pape

r, m

etal

s).

Hea

lth E

ffec

ts—

brea

thin

g pr

oble

ms;

may

cau

se p

erm

anen

t dam

age

to lu

ngs.

E

nvir

onm

enta

l Eff

ects

—SO

2 is

a c

ompo

nent

of

acid

rai

n (a

cid

aero

sols

), w

hich

ca

n da

mag

e tr

ees

and

lake

s. A

cid

aero

sols

can

als

o re

duce

vis

ibili

ty.

Prop

erty

Dam

age—

Aci

d ae

roso

ls c

an e

at a

way

sto

ne u

sed

in b

uild

ings

, sta

tues

, m

onum

ents

, etc

.

B-4

[c]

B-4

[m

]

B-1

8

TO

TAL

VO

LA

TIL

E

OR

GA

NIC

CO

M-

POU

ND

S(T

VO

Cs)

New

bui

ldin

g m

ater

ials

and

fu

rnis

hing

sC

onsu

mab

le p

rodu

cts

Mai

nten

ance

mat

eria

lsO

utdo

or a

ir

Prec

ise

guid

ance

on

TV

OC

co

ncen

trat

ions

can

not b

e gi

ven.

A v

arie

ty o

f de

fini

tions

of

TV

OC

hav

e be

en e

mpl

oyed

in th

e pa

st. R

efer

ence

B-

27 c

onta

ins

a sp

ecif

ic d

efin

ition

that

ref

lect

s re

cent

thin

king

on

the

subj

ect.

The

re is

insu

ffic

ient

evi

denc

e th

at T

VO

C m

easu

rem

ents

can

be

used

to p

redi

ct

heal

th o

r co

mfo

rt e

ffec

ts. I

n ad

ditio

n, o

dor

and

irri

tatio

n re

spon

ses

to o

rgan

ic

com

poun

ds a

re h

ighl

y va

riab

le. F

urth

erm

ore,

no

sing

le m

etho

d cu

rren

tly in

use

m

easu

res

all o

rgan

ic c

ompo

unds

that

may

be

of in

tere

st. T

here

fore

, som

e in

ves-

tigat

ors

have

repo

rted

the

tota

l of a

ll m

easu

red

VO

Cs

as th

e Su

mV

OC

in o

rder

to

mak

e ex

plic

it th

at th

e re

port

ed v

alue

do e

s no

t rep

rese

nt th

e to

tal o

f al

l VO

Cs

pres

ent.

Som

e of

the

refe

renc

es in

clud

ed h

ere

use

this

met

hod

for

pres

entin

g V

OC

mea

sure

men

t res

ults

. Se

tting

targ

et c

once

ntra

tions

for T

VO

Cs

is n

ot re

com

men

ded.

Set

ting

tar g

et c

on-

cent

ratio

ns f

or s

peci

fic

VO

Cs

of c

once

rn is

pre

ferr

ed.

B-9

[m

]B

-14,

26-

28, 3

5, 3

8

Vol

atile

Org

anic

Com

-po

unds

(V

OC

s)N

ew b

uild

ing

mat

eria

ls a

nd

furn

ishi

ngs

Con

sum

able

pro

duct

sM

aint

enan

ce m

ater

ials

Out

door

air

Mus

t be

dete

rmin

ed f

or e

ach

indi

vidu

al c

ompo

und

Indi

vidu

al v

olat

ile o

rgan

ic c

ompo

unds

may

be

cont

amin

ants

of

conc

ern

in th

e ap

plic

atio

n of

the

Indo

or A

ir Q

ualit

y Pr

oced

ure.

Con

cent

ratio

ns o

f co

ncer

n ra

nge

from

less

than

1 p

art p

er b

illio

n (p

pb)

for

som

e ve

ry to

xic

com

poun

ds o

r fo

r co

mpo

unds

hav

ing

very

low

odo

r th

resh

olds

up

to c

once

ntra

tions

sev

eral

or

ders

of

mag

nitu

de h

ighe

r. N

ot a

ll co

mp o

unds

can

be

iden

tifie

d, a

nd to

xico

log-

ical

dat

a ar

e in

com

plet

e fo

r m

any

com

poun

ds.

B-2

2-26

, 28,

44,

45,

46

[c]

B-9

, 10,

21

[m]

B-1

5, 3

7, 3

9, 4

0, 1

1

TA

BL

E B

-2 C

once

ntra

tion

of In

tere

st fo

r S

elec

ted

Con

tam

inan

ts (

Con

tinue

d)(N

ote:

Ref

eren

ces

num

bers

that

are

fol

low

ed b

y [c

] an

d [m

] lis

t the

con

cent

ratio

ns o

f in

tere

st [

c] a

nd m

easu

rem

ent m

etho

ds [

m].

)(N

ote:

The

use

r of

any

val

ue in

this

tabl

e sh

ould

take

into

acc

ount

the

purp

ose

for

whi

ch it

was

ado

pted

and

the

mea

ns b

y w

hich

it w

as d

evel

oped

.)

20 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004

No

tes

for

Tab

le B

-2a

The

U.S

. EPA

has

pro

mul

gate

d a

guid

elin

e va

lue

of 4

pC

i/L in

door

con

cent

ratio

n. T

his

is n

ot a

reg

ulat

ory

valu

e bu

t an

actio

n le

vel w

here

miti

gatio

n is

rec

omm

ende

d if

the

valu

e is

exc

eede

d in

long

-ter

m te

sts.

CO

NV

ER

SIO

N F

AC

TOR

SB

-17

Par

ts p

er m

illio

n a

nd

mas

s p

er u

nit

vo

lum

e

Mea

sure

men

ts o

f ind

oor a

irbo

rne

conc

entr

atio

ns o

f sub

stan

ces

are

gene

rally

con

vert

ed to

sta

ndar

d co

nditi

ons

of 7

7°F

(25°

C) a

nd 2

9.92

in. H

g (1

01.3

25 k

Pa) p

ress

ure.

Vap

ors

or g

ases

are

oft

en e

xpre

ssed

in p

arts

per

mill

ion

(ppm

) by

vol

ume

or in

mas

s pe

r un

it vo

lum

e.C

once

ntra

tions

in p

pm b

y vo

lum

e ca

n be

con

vert

ed to

mas

s pe

r un

it vo

lum

e va

lues

as

follo

ws:

ppm

× m

olec

ular

wei

ght/2

4,45

0 =

mg/

L

ppm

× m

olec

ular

wei

ght/0

.024

45 =

µg/

m3

ppm

× m

olec

ular

wei

ght/2

4.45

= m

g/m

3

ppm

× m

olec

ular

wei

ght ×

28.

3/24

,450

= m

g/ft

3

TA

BL

E B

-2 C

once

ntra

tion

of In

tere

st fo

r S

elec

ted

Con

tam

inan

ts (

Con

tinue

d)(N

ote:

Ref

eren

ces

num

bers

that

are

fol

low

ed b

y [c

] an

d [m

] lis

t the

con

cent

ratio

ns o

f in

tere

st [

c] a

nd m

easu

rem

ent m

etho

ds [

m].

)(N

ote:

The

use

r of

any

val

ue in

this

tabl

e sh

ould

take

into

acc

ount

the

purp

ose

for

whi

ch it

was

ado

pted

and

the

mea

ns b

y w

hich

it w

as d

evel

oped

.)

ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 21

REFERENCES

B-1. ACGIH. 20051. Threshold Limit Values for ChemicalSubstances and Physical Agents and Biological Expo-sure Indices. American Conference of GovernmentalIndustrial Hygienists, 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive,6500 Glenway, Building D-7, Cincinnati, OH 45240-16340. http://www.acgih.org.

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B-14. Shields, H.C., D.M. Fleischer, and C.J. Weschler.1996. “Comparisons Among VOCs Measured at ThreeTypes of U.S. Commercial Buildings with DifferentOccupant Densities,” Indoor Air, Volume 6, No. 1.2-17.

B-15 Devos, M. F. Patte, J. Rouault, P. Laffort, and L.J. VanGemert. 1990. Standardized Human Olfactory Thresh-olds. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

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http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/formald.htm.http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/guidelines.htmB-17. American Society of Testing and Materials. 20040.

Standard Practice for Conversion Units and FactorsRelating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres, D-1914-95(2004)e1. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards,20040; Section Eleven, Water and Environmental Tech-nology, Volume 11.03. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, WestConshohocken, PA, 19428, http://www.astm.org.

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http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/peg_caa/pegcaa11.htmlB-19. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1988. Health

and Environmental Effects Profile for Formaldehyde.EPA/600/x-85/362. Environmental Criteria and Assess-ment Office, Office of Health and EnvironmentalAssessment, Office of Research and Development, Cin-cinnati, OH.

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parison of Methods for Measuring Total VolatileOrganic Compounds in Indoor Air.” In Indoor Air, Vol.5, No. 4.

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col Ethers. Indoor Air Supplement 5/1998. Munksgaard,Copenhagen.

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B-28. Wolkoff, P., P.A. Clausen, B. Jensen, G.D. Nielsen andC.K. Wilkins. 1997. “Are WeMeasuring the RelevantIndoor Pollutants?” In Indoor Air, Vol. 7:92-106.

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B-34. Castleman, B.I and G.E. Ziem. 1988. “CorporateInfluence on Threshold Limit Values.” Am. J. Ind. Med.13:531-559.

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February 2005 (or most recent edition). Available at:http://www.oehha.org/air/chronic_rels/allChrels.html.

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ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 23

24 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum d to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004

(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary forconformance to the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and maycontain material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors on informativematerial are not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)

FOREWORD

This addendum updates Table 4-1 so that it matches the current NAAQS pollutant listing (which was most recently amendedJuly 1, 2004) rather than the previous NAAQS pollutant listing (which was amended July 1, 1987). The entries in the table are notsubject to alteration by ASHRAE, since the table is merely a reprint of a government publication. However, the “normative” ref-erence to the government document, in Section 9, is subject to review by ASHRAE.

Note: In this addendum, changes to the current standard are indicated in the text by underlining (for additions) andstrikethrough (for deletions) unless the instructions specifically mention some other means of indicating the changes.

Replace the existing Table 4-1 with the new Table 4-1 shown below:

Revise Section 9 References as follows: 1National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality Standards, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40 Part 50 (40 CFR 50)

as amended July 1, 19872004. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html, accessedJune 25, 2005).

Addendum d to 62.1-2004

TABLE 4-1 National Primary Ambient-Air Quality Standards for Outdoor Air as Set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Contaminant

Long Term Short Term

Concentration Averaging Concentration Averaging

µg/m3 ppm µg/m3 ppm

Sulfur dioxide

Particles (PM 10)

Particles (PM 2.5)

Carbon monoxide

Oxidants (ozone)

80

50

15

0.03

—

—

1 year b

1 year b,g

1 year b,e

365

150

65

40,000

10,000

0.14

—

—

35

9

0.080.12

24 hours a

24 hours a

24 hours f

1 hour a

8 hours a

8 hours c

1 hour h

Nitrogen dioxide

Lead

100

1.5

0.053

—

1 year b

3 months d

a Not to be exceeded more than once per year. b Annual arithmetic mean. c The 3-year average of the fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations measured at each monitor within an area over each year must not exceed 0.08

ppm. d Three-month period is a calendar quarter. e 3-year average of the annual arithmetic mean f The 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations g The annual arithmetic mean h (1) The standard is attained when the expected number of days per calendar year with maximum hourly average concentrations above 0.12 ppm is ≤1, as determined by appendix

H. (2) The 1-hour NAAQS will no longer apply to an area one year after the effective date of the designation of that area for the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. The effective designationdate for most areas is June 15, 2004. (40 CFR 50.9; see Federal Register of April 30, 2004 (69 FR 23996).)

ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum g to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 25

(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a stan-dard and may contain material that has not been subjectto public review or a consensus process. Unresolvedobjectors on informative material are not offered theright to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)

FOREWORD

This addendum establishes requirements for separatingETS areas from ETS-free areas so that the ETS-free areas aresufficiently free of ETS that they can meet the other require-ments of the standard. As defined in this addendum, ETSspaces are those where smoking occurs or those that are notseparated from smoking areas according to the requirementsof this addendum. This separation is achieved through a com-bination of pressurization and airtightness as well as throughlimitations on air transfer and recirculation. In addition, theaddendum contains a signage requirement for ETS areas.

Add the following definitions in Section 3:

environmental tobacco smoke (ETS): the “aged” and dilutedcombination of both side-stream smoke (smoke from the litend of a cigarette or other tobacco product) and exhaled main-stream smoke (smoke that is exhaled by a smoker). ETS iscommonly referred to as secondhand smoke.

ETS-free area: an area where no smoking occurs and that isseparated from ETS areas according to the requirements ofthis standard. Note: A no-smoking area is not necessarily anETS-free area.

ETS area: spaces where smoking is permitted, as well asthose not separated from spaces where smoking is permittedin accord with the requirements of Section 5 in this standard.

Add the following new section to Section 5:

5.18 Requirements for Buildings Containing ETS Areasand ETS-Free Areas

The requirements of this section must be met when abuilding contains both ETS areas and ETS-free areas. Suchbuildings shall be constructed and operated in accordance withSections 5.13.1 through 5.13.8. This section does not purportto achieve acceptable indoor air quality in ETS areas.

5.18.1 Classification. All spaces shall be classified aseither ETS-free areas or ETS areas.

5.18.2 Pressurization. ETS-free areas shall be at a posi-tive pressure with respect to any adjacent or connected ETSareas. Note: Examples of methods for demonstrating relativepressure include engineering analysis, pressure differentialmeasurement, and airflow measurement.

Exceptions:

1. Dwelling units, including hotel and motel guestrooms, andadjacent properties under different ownership with separa-tion walls that are structurally independent and that containno openings. This exception shall apply only when:

(a) the separation walls are constructed as smoke barri-ers in accordance with the requirements of applica-ble standards,

(b) the separation walls include an air barrier consist-ing of a continuous membrane or surface treatmentin the separation wall that has documented resis-tance to air leakage; continuity of the barrier shallbe maintained at openings for pipes, ducts, andother conduits and at points where the barrier meetsthe outside walls and other barriers; and

(c) interior corridors common to ETS and ETS-freeareas are mechanically supplied with outdoor air atthe rate of 0.1 cfm per square foot (0.5 L/s⋅m2).

2. Adjacent spaces otherwise required to be held at negativepressure and posted with signs due to the presence ofhazardous or flammable materials or vapors.

5.18.3 Separation. Solid walls, floors, ceilings and doorsequipped with automatic closing mechanisms shall separateETS areas from ETS-free areas. Exception: Openings with-out doors are permitted in the separation where engineeredsystems are designed to provide air flow from ETS-free areasinto ETS areas, notwithstanding eddies that may occur in theimmediate vicinity of the boundary between the ETS andETS-free areas and reverse flow that may occurs due to short-term conditions such as wind gusts. Note: Examples of meth-ods for demonstrating air motion are engineering analysis andthe use of a directional airflow indicator at representativelocations in the opening, such as on one-foot centers or atlocations required for duct traverses in standard testing andbalancing procedures, such as those described in ASHRAEStandard 111.21

5.18.4 Transfer Air. When air is transferred from ETS-free areas to ETS areas, the transfer airflow rate shall be main-tained regardless of whether operable doors or windowsbetween ETS-free and ETS areas are opened or closed.Acceptable means of doing so include fixed openings indoors, walls, or floors, transfer grilles, transfer ducts, orunducted air plenums with air pressure differentials in com-pliance with Section 5.18.2.5.18.5 Recirculation. Air-handling and natural ventila-

tion systems shall not recirculate or transfer air from an ETSarea to an ETS-free area.5.18.6 Exhaust Systems. Exhaust or relief air from an

ETS area shall be discharged such that none of the air is recir-culated back into any ETS-free area.5.18.7 Signage. A sign shall be posted outside each

entrance to each ETS area. The sign shall state, as a mini-mum, “This Area May Contain Environmental TobaccoSmoke” in letters at least 25 mm (1 in.) high or otherwise incompliance with accessibility guidelines. Note: Based on thedefinition of ETS area, such a sign may be posted outside alarger ETS area that includes the area where smoking is per-mitted.

Exception: Instead of the specified sign, equivalent notifica-tion means acceptable to the authority having juris-diction may be used.

5.18.8 Reclassification. An area that was previously anETS area, but now meets the requirements of an ETS-freearea, may be classified as such after intentional or allowedsmoke exposure has stopped and odor and irritation fromresidual ETS contaminants are not apparent.

Addendum g to 62.1-2004

26 ANSI/ASHRAE Addenda to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004

(This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary forconformance to the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and maycontain material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors on informativematerial are not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)

APPENDIX18-MONTH SUPPLEMENTADDENDA TO ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 62.1-2004

This 18-month supplement includes Addenda a, b, c, d, and g to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004. The following tablelists each addendum and describes the way in which the standard is affected by the change. It also lists the ASHRAE and ANSIapproval dates for each addendum.

Addendum Section(s) Affected Description of Changes*

*These descriptions may not be complete and are provided for information only.

Approval Dates:• Standards Committee

• ASHRAE BOD• ANSI

a Section 5.10, Dehumidification Systems

Clarifies dehumidification analysis require-ments. Also, offers exceptions to the 65% RH limit and to the net positive intake airflow requirement.

January 21, 2006January 26, 2006

April 10, 2006

b

Table 5-2, Other Spaces; Table 6-1, Minimum Ventilation Rates in Breathing Zone;Table 6-4, Minimum Exhaust Rates;Sections 5.17.1, Classification, and5.17.4, Documentation

Corrects inconsistencies in Tables 5-2, 6-1 and 6-4, and provides additional information for several occupancy categories.

January 21, 2006January 26, 2006

April 10, 2006

cAppendix B, Summary of Selected AirQuality Guidelines

Updates information in Appendix B.January 21, 2006January 26, 2006

April 10, 2006

dTable 4-1, National Primary Ambient-Air Quality Standards for Outdoor Air as Set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Updates information in Table 4-1 to be con-sistent with current U.S. EPA NAAQS, add-ing PM 2.5 as a criteria pollutant.

January 21, 2006January 26, 2006

April 10, 2006

gNew Section 5.18, Requirements forBuildings Containing ETS Areas andETS-Free Areas

Briefly, requires space classification based on expected presence of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), separation of ETS and ETS-free areas, and cautionary signage for ETS-areas.

June 25, 2005June 30, 2005

January 20, 2006

POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAE’S CONCERNFOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES

ASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members’ activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment. ASHRAE’smembers will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment of the systems andcomponents in their responsibility while maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide, consistent with acceptedstandards and the practical state of the art.

ASHRAE’s short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact the indoor andoutdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the standards and guidelines as established by itself and otherresponsible bodies.

As an ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive technical committee structure,continue to generate up-to-date standards and guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recommend, and promote those newand revised standards developed by other responsible organizations.

Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date standards and design considerations as the material issystematically revised.

ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its primary interest and will seekout and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updating standards andguidelines.

The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of the system’sintended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered.

ASHRAE’s primary concern for environmental impact will be at the site where equipment within ASHRAE’s scopeoperates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source and energytransportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection should be made byits members.